Papaya (Papita) During Pregnancy: How Safe is It?

Everything that a woman consumes during her pregnancy has some form of impact on the developing child. It’s crucial, therefore, for expectant mothers to be acutely aware of what they should and shouldn’t eat throughout this delicate period. Among the extensive list of foods that require careful consideration, one example is the consumption of papaya, also known as papita. This fruit, often celebrated for its health benefits under normal circumstances, can become a subject of concern when it comes to the health and safety of the developing fetus during pregnancy. In fact, papaya fruit and pregnancy could be termed as controversial. Read on to learn all about consuming papaya/green papaya in pregnancy.

Is It Safe to Eat Papaya During Pregnancy?

I accidentally ate papaya during pregnancy. Will it harm my baby? This is a common question that comes up. There is a lot of dilemma in pregnant women about the consumption of papaya. Ripe papaya, when eaten with caution, can be beneficial, but unripe papayas can cause many complications during pregnancy. Consuming small quantities of ripe papaya is beneficial for pregnant women. It is a common myth in India that a papaya causes miscarriage, but this has not been proven scientifically. In fact, a ripe papaya is packed with nutrients that are needed for the unborn baby making the fruit a great addition to the pregnancy diet. The fruit also helps cure common pregnancy ailments like heartburn and constipation. A pregnant lady can benefit from the consumption of ripe papayas in moderate amounts. 

Also Read: Eating Apple While Pregnant

1. Early Pregnancy

In the early months or stages of pregnancy, the foetus is delicate and must be taken utmost care of. Even the slightest amount of harmful substances, like latex, can cause a lot of harm. Unripe papaya contains substances with latex, which causes uterine (womb) contractions. The latex of fruits contains vegetable pepsin or ‘papain’, in the case of papaya. This ‘papain’ acts like prostaglandins (endogenous or body’s own substance) and oxytocin ( a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland of the brain), which induces contractions. Abnormal or such unnatural uterine contractions in pregnancy may cause miscarriage or premature birth of a baby. Papain also weakens the vital membranes of the foetus, making its survival difficult. Hence, in the first trimester, unripe papaya must be completely avoided.

Also Read: Eating Mango while Pregnant

2. Third Trimester

In the third trimester or last three months of pregnancy, Papaya may induce early labour by causing uterine contractions due to the enzyme ‘papain’ present in it. Given the complications, many women choose to refrain from consuming papaya during pregnancy. Reports suggest that bleeding or haemorrhages from the edge of the placenta can also be caused by consumption of raw papaya during later pregnancy. 

Benefits of Eating Papaya (Ripe) in Pregnancy

Fully ripe papayas are generally considered safe and often beneficial during pregnancy.

• Latex, an ingredient in papaya, works like prostaglandin and oxytocin, which helps in controlling respiratory disorders.
• Ripe papayas are rich in Vitamin A, B, C, potassium, and beta-carotene, all of which have high antioxidant content and boost immunity.
• Vitamin supply from papaya improves immunity, which prevents against various infections.
• Vitamin adequacy also prevents ulcers and skin problems.
• Fibres contained in papaya facilitate digestion: A common problem of constipation during pregnancy can be countered naturally through papayas. However, consult your obstetrician regarding regular consumption.
• Papayas can help overcome morning sickness.
• Papayas also contain folic acid, which is essential during pregnancy for the neurological development of the baby.
• Papayas also help promote better heart health and are believed to prevent colon cancer.
• Having papaya to treat viral illnesses during pregnancy may help increase the platelet counts, although this fact is not supported by scientific data.
• Having the right amount of ripe papayas helps increase milk production.

Also Read: Eating Grapes while Pregnant

Negative Effects of Eating Papaya During Pregnancy

Here are some other effects of eating papaya during pregnancy:

1. Causes Uterine Contractions

Latex in unripe papaya or even partially ripe papaya has papain, which may stimulate prostaglandin and oxytocin, hormones that can lead to uterine contractions and premature labour. Papaya can cause miscarriage, as it is a potent emmenagogue, which stimulates and increases menstrual flow. It must be avoided completely in early pregnancy. This is the period when the placenta is being formed, and the presence of an insignificant amount of latex can potentially harm the womb.

2. Impedes Fetal Development

Pepsin and papain can be detrimental to fetal survival and development. Studies report that eating papaya during pregnancy can hamper implantation, increase the risk of pregnancy loss post-implantation, and pose potential harm to the embryo.

Also Read: Consuming Oranges while Pregnant

3. Weakens Vital Fetal Membranes

Papain is often used for cell dissociation, as it is a proteolytic enzyme. It is known to retard cell growth and hamper the development of the tissue in the foetus.

4. May Cause Haemorrhage and Oedema

Unripe papaya can raise vascular pressure and even lead to internal haemorrhage or bleeding in the placenta. Placental bleeding or haemorrhage can cause pregnancy and delivery-related complications. Papaya can affect the development and function of the placenta.

5. Increases Bowel Movement

Papaya increases gut motility. However, excess bowel movement can create pressure in and around the uterus and cause miscarriage. Papaya is fibre rich, and the pressure it puts on the stomach and intestines can possibly lead to a miscarriage.

6. Affects the Nervous System

Leaves and seeds of papaya contain carpaine, a toxin that is detrimental to the central nervous system.

7. Abortifacient and Teratogenic

Papain and chymopapain are two enzyme substances present in papaya, which are both teratogenic (harmful to the development of the foetus) and abortifacient (abortion-causing).

8. Harmful to Women With a History of Abortion/ Premature Labour

Women who have experienced premature labour or abortion can be at increased risk of suffering pregnancy complications due to papain. Hence, it is advisable for such women to avoid papayas during pregnancy.

Also Read: Drinking Lemon Water while Pregnant

9. Stimulates Oestrogen Production

The papain in papaya also helps to regularise the menstrual cycle. While menstruation never happens in pregnancy, bleeding through the vagina is a sign of impending abortion or ectopic pregnancy. Papaya raises body temperature and enhances oestrogen production in the body.

10. Causes Kidney stones and Raises Intra- Abdominal Pressure

Papayas have Vitamin C which, is good for immunity, but an excess may cause kidney stones. Vitamin C causes the body to produce oxalate that can promote stone formation. Calculi or stones may cause colicky pains, and this ultimately increases the intraabdominal pressure, which affects pregnancy.

11. Affects Blood Sugar Levels

Papaya is unsafe during pregnancy if the pregnant woman has a history of gestational diabetes.

12.  Leads to Skin Discolouration

Beta carotene in papaya gives it an orange tinge. An excess of this causes a benign problem known as carotenemia. One should avoid papaya to prevent discolouration.

Can You Drink Papaya Juice?

No, it is recommended that the consumption of commercially available papaya juice should be avoided. One of the major benefits of papaya is that it is rich in fibre. Converting it into juice negates this benefit. In addition, papaya juice, which is available in tetra packs, may contain papaya concentrate. The percentage content of latex or papain is relatively higher in such juices. Therefore, it is better to go for homemade juice, if you want some. The preservatives and added sugar may reduce its beneficial properties. Consume fresh, ripe, and in small quantities. 

Risks of Having Raw Papaya When Pregnant

It is the raw papaya that contains a high content of latex. Eating raw papaya in pregnancy can have a harmful effect on your pregnancy. As the immune system is weakened, women become more vulnerable to illnesses and allergies when they are pregnant.

• Latex allergy may be caused by the latex in a papaya, and have fatal repercussions.
• Women with a previous history of fertility problems and miscarriages shall avoid papayas. Studies suggest that papaya that is unripe also affects the development of the foetus.
• Unripe papaya causes abortion. A papaya that is not ripe contains concentrated harmful enzymes, which may lead to miscarriage and bleeding.
• You should avoid ingesting the seeds and leaves of papaya, as they may harm the foetus. When buying one, try to pick slightly greenish papaya that can be ripened at home. Papayas with black spots or bruises should be avoided.
• The best option is well-ripened papaya, which is orange-amber in colour and soft to the touch.
• Papaya is an affordable, easily-available fruit. It is easy to grow organic papayas in your compound and enjoy them.

Do consult with your doctor when it comes to consuming papaya during pregnancy first and third trimesters, and even the second trimester.

Precautions to Take While Consuming Papaya in Pregnancy

When it comes to consuming papaya during pregnancy, caution is the watchword. This is because certain components found in unripe or semi-ripe papaya can be harmful to the developing fetus. It’s important for expectant mothers to be well-informed about the precautions to ensure the safety of their unborn child.

1. Opt for Fully Ripe Papaya

Always choose fully ripe papaya to consume during pregnancy. The ripe fruit lacks the latex that is present in its unripe counterpart, which can cause contractions and potentially lead to complications.

2. Moderation is Key

Even when consuming ripe papaya, it’s important to do so in moderation. Large quantities of any food can lead to digestive issues or allergies, and papaya is no exception.

3. Avoid Papaya Seeds

When eating papaya, make sure to remove and avoid ingesting the seeds. Papaya seeds contain certain enzymes and substances that may not be ideal for pregnant women.

4. Be Cautious of Papaya-Based Products

Be wary of consuming products that contain papaya extract, such as supplements or teas, as they might contain concentrated levels of the substances found in the fruit that are best avoided during pregnancy. Always check labels and consult with a healthcare professional before trying new products.

Fruits to Eat Instead of Papaya

If you’ve made the decision to not eat papaya during your pregnancy and are wondering which fruits would be a good substitute for the nutritional value of papayas, this list is your answer.

1. Orange

Oranges are a great source of fibre, Vitamin C and water. They keep you hydrated and Vitamin C helps with iron absorption in the body, along with strengthening your immune system.

2. Pomegranate

Pomegranates are rich in nutrients such as Vitamin K, calcium, iron, fibre, and protein, all of which are vital for the health of the foetus and mother. Pomegranate juice is also known to strengthen the placenta against injury.

3. Guava

Guavas have Vitamin C, Vitamin E, carotenoids, and folates, which help aid digestion, relax muscles and joints, and get rid of constipation.

4. Grapes

Grapes contain plenty of folates, vitamins, fibre, and antioxidants, which strengthen the immune system. They also help prevent infections and help the body cope with the biological changes that occur during pregnancy.

5. Apple

Apples are packed with Vitamin A, Vitamin C, potassium, and fibre, all of which nourish the fetus and aid its development and growth in the womb.

6. Banana

Bananas are an excellent fruit to consume during pregnancy. They are high in potassium, which helps maintain blood pressure levels and reduces the risk of pre-eclampsia. Bananas also contain Vitamin B6, which can help alleviate nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy.

7. Berries

Berries, such as strawberries, blueberries, and raspberries, are nutrient powerhouses. They are rich in Vitamin C, antioxidants, and fiber. These components support the immune system and aid in the prevention of constipation, a common issue during pregnancy. Additionally, the water content in berries helps keep you hydrated.

Is it Safe to Eat Papaya After Delivery?

Many women ask the question – is it safe to eat ripe papaya after delivery?

Yes, papayas are a rich source of essential vitamins and minerals. The consumption of green papaya has the potential to boost the production of the hormone oxytocin in the body and, hence, increase milk flow. It is, thus, beneficial for nursing mothers. Add papaya to your postnatal diet to nurse your baby and bond with him/her to your heart’s content. Ever wondered, can papaya stop pregnancy? The answer, again, is yes, it can. Papaya, with its hormonal effects, can act as a natural way of contraception, but with a lesser degree of surety in comparison with other methods of contraception.

FAQs

1. Can eating papaya cause miscarriage?

There is a concern that consuming unripe or semi-ripe papaya can lead to miscarriage due to the presence of latex, which can induce uterine contractions. While there is no conclusive scientific evidence to confirm this, it is advisable to avoid unripe papaya during pregnancy as a precaution.

2. Are there any risks associated with eating papaya seeds during pregnancy?

Yes, consuming papaya seeds during pregnancy is generally advised against. Papaya seeds contain certain enzymes and compounds, such as papain, that may be harmful in high quantities for pregnant women. These substances can potentially interfere with the pregnancy by acting on the uterus. To be safe, it is recommended to avoid papaya seeds entirely during pregnancy.

3. How does papaya affect the digestive system during pregnancy?

Papaya, particularly when ripe, can have a beneficial effect on the digestive system during pregnancy. It is rich in fiber, which can help alleviate constipation, a common issue for many pregnant women. Additionally, the enzyme papain found in ripe papaya can aid in the digestion of proteins, making it easier to manage digestive discomfort. However, it’s important to consume ripe papaya in moderation to avoid any potential issues.

This was all about papaya and pregnancy. Since the consumption of ripe or raw papayas for pregnant women is a controversial subject, most women choose to avoid papayas completely during pregnancy. However, it can be consumed in small quantities, provided there is no history of pregnancy complications without worrying about any adverse effect on the baby. In fact, the nutrients in papaya help in the development of the baby.

References/Resources:

1. Adebiyi. A, Adaikan. P, Prasad. R; Papaya (Carica papaya) consumption is unsafe in pregnancy: fact or fable? Scientific evaluation of a common belief in some parts of Asia using a rat model; Cambridge University Press; https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/papaya-carica-papaya-consumption-is-unsafe-in-pregnancy-fact-or-fable-scientific-evaluation-of-a-common-belief-in-some-parts-of-asia-using-a-rat-model/D07C5CC7993552C35D68A5AB770C19EF; March 2007

2. Gopalakrishnan. M, Rajasekharasetty. M; Effect of papaya (Carica papaya linn) on pregnancy and estrous cycle in albino rats of Wistar strain (Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology); National Library of Medicine; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/680941/

3. Papayas, raw; Food Data Central; U.S. Department of Agriculture; https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/169926/nutrients

4. FAQs: Nutrition During Pregnancy; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/nutrition-during-pregnancy

5. Oranges, raw, navels; Food Data Central; U.S. Department of Agriculture; https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/746771/nutrients

6. Apples, fuji, with skin, raw; Food Data Central; U.S. Department of Agriculture; https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/1750340/nutrients

7. Parle. M, Bhardwaj. G; Basketful benefits of papaya; ResearchGate; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285117822_Basketful_benefits_of_papaya; July 2011

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