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Fertility
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Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET): Costs, Procedure & Success Rate
Frozen embryo transfer (FET) is an IVF procedure in which a previously frozen embryo is thawed and transferred into the uterus to achieve pregnancy. The process is carefully timed based on ovulation or preparation of the uterine lining. During the FET procedure, the embryo is gently placed into the uterus using a thin catheter, and the transfer usually takes only a few minutes. But what happens before and after the transfer? How successful is FET, and what factors can affect the outcome? In this article, we’ll explain the frozen egg transfer process, its benefits, success rates, preparation, and what you can expect at each stage.
What Is a Frozen Embryo Transfer?
When an embryo created during an IVF cycle and frozen for storage is retrieved and utilised for a pregnancy cycle, it is termed as a FET or a frozen embryo transfer. This saves on undergoing a repeat IVF cycle and injections altogether (1).
Why Would You Freeze an Embryo?
During the process of IVF, there is a possibility of creating multiple healthy embryos. These frozen embryos are stored for later cycles, should the current one fail, or if you choose to get pregnant again at a later stage in life.
When Can You Have Frozen Embryo Procedure?
There is no rush for using frozen embryos since they can retain their potential to no end. A FET can be conducted after an IVF procedure has failed to bear fruit, or even later in life when an IVF cycle does not help obtain healthy eggs (2).
Benefits of Frozen Embryo Transfer
Although frozen embryo transfer may not seem like the most natural way of giving birth, there are a bunch of benefits which may convince you to consider this procedure if you are looking to get pregnant. It is not only good for the mother’s well-being but also helps in making smart decisions when it comes to the future of the child and the family together. Let’s find out what are the benefits of frozen embryo transfer (3) (4).
1. Ability to Plan a Family at a Later Stage
These days couples generally focus on their career and want to achieve success in life and then start with family planning. But as a woman’s biological clock keeps ticking, it may be a tussle for her to establish a balance between her personal goals and the chance to start a family. Making use of frozen embryos can help a woman undergo the procedure and have a child even until she is nearly 50 years old.
2. Genetic Issues Can Be Detected
The news of pregnancy is wonderful. But if your baby is diagnosed with certain problems and your doctor suggests that you do an abortion, it can be extremely disheartening for you. But with the option of external embryo creations, their genetic makeup can be examined. Also, any genetic defects can be determined beforehand. Based on the results, you can opt for the embryo that has the best chances of growing into a healthy child.
3. The Risk of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome is Reduced
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is usually observed in women who tend to have oestrogen levels way above the safe mark; women who are susceptible to an increased number of follicles; women who gain weight rapidly during pregnancy, and so on (5). If a woman with such signs gets pregnant, the embryos can be opted for frozen storage to avoid any risks. Pregnancy can be executed later on when the conditions are suitable for it.
4. The Risks in Pregnancy When Progesterone Levels are High are Avoided
Medical sciences and research have made observations that have established a link between high progesterone levels and embryo implantation. The lining of the uterus, termed as the endometrium, does not portray a favourable response to the embryo for implantation when the progesterone levels in a woman are high. In such a case, opting for freezing the embryos can help you avoid a loss of pregnancy later on.
5. The Procedure is Very Convenient
Compared to many other procedures, many women tend to favour and opt for a frozen embryo transfer, or FET, once they know the details. Primarily, the entire procedure is surgery-free, including the obtaining of the eggs. No anaesthesia needs to be administered and it is painless. Hence, it a convenient and painless option for pregnancy.
6. The Cost of Undergoing a Frozen Embryo Transfer is Less Than Creating Fresh Embryos
The cost of fertility treatments, particularly in-vitro fertilization, are usually high. Compared to those, opting for a frozen embryo transfer to continue a pregnancy is much cheaper than generating embryos all over again.
7. The Existence of an Opportunity to Have Additional Cycles Without Going from Scratch
Once you undergo the stimulation from the medicines and other procedures of the in-vitro fertilization, the embryos that are created from the eggs obtained in that cycle can be frozen and stored for later use as well. This allows you to have a repeat pregnancy later in life, or even resume an interrupted one.
How and Where Are Embryos Frozen?
Embryos are frozen using a technique called vitrification. They are stored within plastic trays placed within glass goblets. Once frozen, these are stored in cryopreservation chambers that make use of liquid nitrogen to keep the embryos safe (6).
Frozen Embryo Transfer Procedure
To begin a frozen embryo transfer cycle, the embryos are thawed and prepared for implantation. Based on the stimulation medicines and the woman’s optimal date, the embryos are transferred via the vagina and allowed to implant within the uterus.
Foods to Eat and Avoid During Embryo Transfer
A balanced, nutritious diet can support your overall health before and around an embryo transfer, although no specific food can guarantee implantation or pregnancy. Let’s look at the foods you can include in your diet and those you may want to avoid before embryo transfer.
Foods to Eat Before Embryo Transfer
Here are some nutritious food choices that can help you maintain a well-balanced diet before your embryo transfer:
Leafy green vegetables: Spinach, kale, broccoli, and other greens provide folate, iron, and antioxidants.
Fresh fruits: Berries, oranges, apples, and other fruits provide fibre and essential vitamins.
Protein-rich foods: Eggs, lentils, beans, lean poultry, and well-cooked fish can help meet your protein needs.
Whole grains: Oats, brown rice, quinoa, and whole-wheat foods provide fibre and important nutrients.
Healthy fats: Avocados, nuts, seeds, and olive oil provide unsaturated fats that can be part of a balanced diet.
Low-mercury fish: Salmon, sardines, and other low-mercury fish provide protein and omega-3 fatty acids.
Adequate fluids: Water should be your main source of hydration, unless your fertility specialist has advised otherwise.
Foods to Avoid Before Embryo Transfer
Along with choosing nutritious foods, it is helpful to limit or avoid certain foods and beverages that may carry food-safety risks or are best consumed in moderation.
High-mercury fish: Avoid fish known to contain high levels of mercury, such as shark, swordfish, king mackerel, and marlin.
Raw or undercooked animal foods: Avoid raw eggs, undercooked meat, poultry, and seafood because of the risk of foodborne infections.
Unpasteurised foods: Avoid unpasteurised milk, cheese, and other products that may carry harmful bacteria.
Excessive caffeine: Keep caffeine intake within the limit recommended by your fertility specialist; many guidelines advise limiting it during pregnancy to about 200 mg per day (7).
Alcohol: Avoid alcohol when trying to conceive and during fertility treatment unless your healthcare provider advises otherwise (8).
Highly processed foods: Limit foods high in added sugars, unhealthy fats, and excess sodium, such as processed meats, sugary drinks, and frequent fast food.
What Is the Success Rate of Frozen Embryo Transfer Procedure?
The success rates of pregnancy with a FET process are the same as that of a fresh cycle via IVF. Women who are 35 years old or less can expect a 60% success rate. However, it plummets as a woman’s age increases (4).
Factors That Affect the Success Rate of Frozen Embryo Transfer
For many years, the success rates associated with a frozen embryo transfer were quite erratic. But in recent years the factors that govern the success of the FET procedure were determined. There are two major ones that play a vital role in that regard.
1. The Technique Used to Freeze the Eggs
In recent years, the cryopreservation process has been replaced with a smarter, modern one. This is called vitrification. Quite contrary to cryopreservation, vitrification makes use of freezing in a flash, by suddenly cooling down the embryos to a freezing point within a matter of seconds. It also makes use of certain substances that protect the embryos, avoiding the formation of ice crystals. This has ramped up the survival rate of the embryos to nearly 95%.
2. The Quality of the Embryos Procured
Embryos were being created in labs for many years, but their chances of surviving in those conditions were extremely low. Even if they were transferred successfully, the implantation within the uterus would fail. In recent years, techniques and equipment have improved considerably. Now, embryos are known to survive for nearly a week at the blastocyst stage, the point where an embryo transfer has the highest chance of success in matters of implantation and continued pregnancy.
How Soon After a Frozen Embryo Transfer Can You Take Pregnancy Test?
Similar to an IVF cycle, it is recommended to wait for at least a couple of weeks before undertaking a pregnancy test. Any earlier than that could result in a false positive. The tests should be repeated again after a few days for confirmation.
Can Anything Go Wrong With a Frozen Embryo Transfer?
As advanced as frozen embryo transfer might be, there are a few possibilities that can make a transfer go wrong (9).
1. Presence of Fluid in the Uterine Cavity
While the uterus is constantly producing and leaking fluid, some of it might be stored in the cavity, reducing the chances of embryo implantation. It could also indicate the presence of blocked fallopian tubes, which can be corrected with surgery. But if that isn’t the case, draining the cavity is a challenge and might require cancelling the FET altogether.
2. Wrong Time to Carry out the Transfer
Some women ovulate earlier than expected, shifting the implantation window to a different zone. Medical testing can help determine the right timing of the window and adjust the transfer accordingly.
3. Ovulation at an Unexpected Time
Progesterone supplements that are taken to prepare the endometrium for implantation are used as a marker to determine the right timing for transfer. A shifted ovulation can cause progesterone levels to rise early on and make it difficult to transfer correctly. Certain medications can also be administered to prevent ovulation from taking place.
4. Presence of a Thin Endometrial Lining
Even after medication and treatment, the endometrium may not be as thick as needed for successful implantation. This can substantially reduce the success rate of a FET. Doctors usually strengthen the medication to counter this issue and carry out the FET anyway or cancel the procedure completely.
5. FET Problems Due to Undetermined Factors
The entire process of implantation depends on numerous factors that are beyond hormones levels and endometrial strength. While research is being conducted to determine more dependencies that are present, a FET may continue to fail even when the conditions seem to be optimal.
What Are the Risks of Frozen Embryo Transfer?
A frozen embryo transfer surely has many benefits but it has its risks too. The benefits are absolutely feasible but so is the possibility of things not going ahead as expected. Know what are the risks of frozen embryo transfer:
1. Multifetal Pregnancy
There are multiple embryos that are transferred during FET to help with implantation. At times, many embryos among those could be implanted successfully causing you to be pregnant with triplets or even more babies. This might require you to undergo fetal reduction to ensure a better chance of completing the pregnancy successfully (10).
2. Failure of Medical Equipment
All medical equipment used in fertility clinics and for the FET procedure is kept to a high standard of functioning. Despite that, there are chances of malfunction that could lead to a total loss of obtained eggs and frozen embryos. This may call for undergoing an IVF procedure again.
3. Ectopic Pregnancy
When FET is being conducted, some embryos may not be ready for implantation and may continue to stay outside the uterus. At times, these could float towards the fallopian tubes and enter them, causing them to be implanted inside those. Such an ectopic pregnancy can be harmful to the mother and needs to be terminated immediately (11).
How Long Can Embryos Be Frozen and Still Be Viable?
The frozen embryos can retain their potential for nearly an infinite time. They can be utilised at any point in your life whenever you want to get pregnant.
What to Do with Leftover Embryos?
The leftover embryos could either be allowed to thaw and terminate naturally. Alternatively, you could donate them to other people or allow them to be used for scientific research.
What Is the Storage Cost of Frozen Embryo?
The cost of storing a frozen embryo depends from clinic to clinic. However, it starts from one lakh at the very least.
What Is the Cost of Frozen Embryo Transfer?
Embryo transfers can be covered by certain medical insurance policies. If not, the entire process can cost in the range of 1.5 to 2 lakhs, excluding any medication that might be required.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between fresh and frozen embryo transfer?
In a fresh vs frozen embryo transfer, the main difference is timing. A fresh embryo transfer usually takes place during the same IVF cycle in which the eggs are retrieved and embryos are created, while a frozen embryo transfer uses an embryo that was frozen and stored for later use.
2. Is frozen embryo transfer painful?
Most people experience little or no significant pain during FET, although mild cramping or discomfort may occur. A thin catheter is passed through the cervix into the uterus to place the embryo, and routine anaesthesia is generally not recommended for improving IVF outcomes.
3. What happens after a frozen embryo transfer?
After FET, you can generally return to normal daily activities unless your fertility specialist advises otherwise. Your clinic will provide instructions about medications and the timing of a pregnancy test; bed rest has not been shown to improve embryo-transfer outcomes.
Knowing the correct frozen embryo transfer implantation timeline is key to achieving a successful pregnancy from the procedure. Understanding the long-term benefits of FET can help you plan your family in the manner of your choosing.
Also Read:
Egg Freezing
Embryo Donation and Adoption
Implantation Cramping – What Is It
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Can You Get Pregnant After Ovulation? – Understanding Fertility
If you’re wondering will you get pregnant after ovulation, the chances are very low, as the egg typically remains viable for only about 12–24 hours after it is released. However, because ovulation can be difficult to pinpoint, pregnancy may still be possible if intercourse occurs around the fertile window. According to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, the fertile window spans the six days ending on the day of ovulation, with the highest chance of conception occurring just before ovulation (1). This article explains how ovulation affects fertility, how long the egg and sperm survive, and when pregnancy is most likely or unlikely after ovulation.
How Does Ovulation Work?
Ovulation is an important part of the menstrual cycle, and it’s how your body prepares for a possible pregnancy. Every month, on or around the fourteenth day of a 28-day cycle, your ovaries mature and release an egg. However, this is just an average. Ovulation can happen between the 11th and 21st day of the cycle, with day 1 being the first day of your period. These 10 days are known as your “fertility window” (2). Once the egg is released, it goes through the fallopian tube to meet sperm for fertilisation. Since the egg remains for 12-24 hours, the days just before and during ovulation are the most fertile. If the egg isn’t fertilised, it will break down, and your body will eventually shed the uterine lining, leading to your period (3).
Can You Become Pregnant After Ovulation?
Yes, it’s still possible to become pregnant after ovulation, but the window is short. After an egg is released during ovulation, it remains viable for about a day. If sperm is present and fertilises the egg during this time, pregnancy can occur. The chances of getting pregnant while ovulation is generally quite high, making it the most fertile time in the menstrual cycle. However, because sperm could live in the reproductive tract for up to five days if you had intercourse before ovulation, there’s also a chance that the sperm could fertilise the egg once it’s released (4). After the egg’s viability ends, the chances of pregnancy drop significantly until the next cycle. So, even though the days just before and during ovulation are the most fertile for you, there is a little window right after ovulation for conception (5).
How Many Days After Ovulation Can You Get Pregnant?
The probability of getting pregnant after ovulation declines rapidly with each passing day. Here’s a look at your chances of pregnancy before, during, and after ovulation (6):
5 Days Before Ovulation
10%
3-4 Days Before Ovulation
15-20%
1-2 Days Before Ovulation
27-31%
Day of Ovulation
33%
1 Day After Ovulation
10-15%
2 Day After Ovulation
0-1%
Signs That Ovulation Is Happening
Paying attention to these signs can help you better understand your fertile window and identify when ovulation is approaching.
1. Changes in Cervical Mucus
Just before ovulation, cervical mucus often becomes clear, thin, slippery, and stretchy, similar to raw egg white. This change helps create a sperm-friendly environment.
2. Rise in Basal Body Temperature
After ovulation, basal body temperature (BBT) typically rises slightly because of hormonal changes. Tracking your temperature every morning can help identify an ovulation pattern over time.
3. Mild Pelvic Pain or Cramping
Some people experience mild pain or a brief twinge on one side of the lower abdomen around ovulation. This is sometimes called mittelschmerz.
How to Calculate Your Ovulation Days?
Tracking your ovulation can be helpful if you’re trying to conceive. Here’s how you can calculate your ovulation days (7):
Track Your Menstrual Cycle: Ovulation typically occurs 14 days before your next period starts. For a 28-day cycle, ovulation would be around day 14. For longer or shorter cycles, deduct 14 days from the duration of your cycle to estimate ovulation day.
Changes in Cervical Mucus: As ovulation approaches, your cervical mucus gets clear and stretchy, similar to raw egg whites. This is a sign that your body is preparing to ovulate.
Track Basal Body Temperature (BBT): Your body temperature increases after ovulation due to increased progesterone levels. By tracking your BBT daily, you can identify the small spike that indicates ovulation has occurred.
Use an Ovulation Predictor Kit: These kits test hormone levels in your urine to detect the surge in luteinising hormone (LH) that happens right before ovulation. If the test is positive, you will probably ovulate within the next 24-36 hours.
When to Consult a Doctor?
It’s important to seek medical advice if you have any concerns about your fertility, especially if:
You’ve been trying to conceive for several months without success.
Your periods are irregular, unpredictable, or frequently missed.
You experience unusual or persistent symptoms.
FAQs
1. How do I know if I’m ovulating?
Several signs can indicate ovulation. Common symptoms include changes in cervical mucus, which becomes clear and stretchy, resembling egg whites, and a rise in basal body temperature. Some women may also experience mild pelvic pain (mittelschmerz) or increased libido around ovulation (8).
2. Can you ovulate more than once in a cycle?
A woman only ovulates once per cycle. While multiple eggs can be released, this happens within a short time frame (within 24 hours), which could result in fraternal twins if both eggs are fertilised. However, ovulating at two different timings within the same cycle is extremely rare and not common in humans.
3. Do you always ovulate on the same day each month?
Not necessarily. Even in women who have regular cycles, ovulation might vary from month to month. Stress, illness, or changes in routine can affect when ovulation occurs. While many women ovulate around the same time each month, tracking your cycle can help pinpoint any variations.
4. Can you get pregnant if you don’t ovulate?
No, pregnancy requires the release of an egg from the ovary, which is the process of ovulation. If you’re not ovulating, there is no egg for sperm to fertilise. Women with conditions like anovulation (absence of ovulation) may need medical assistance to stimulate ovulation if they’re trying to conceive (9).
So, when it comes to the question, “Will you get pregnant after ovulation?” the answer is yes! As long as the egg remains viable and sperm is available within that window, conception is possible. While your ovulation day might shift slightly, knowing your fertile window gives you a great advantage when it comes to planning.
Also Read:
Fertility Massage
Ovarian Follicle and Its Role in Fertility
Freezing Sperm for Future Fertility
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12 Vitamins and Minerals to Boost Fertility
If you are planning to start a family, then you must have subscribed to a couple of pregnancy or parenting magazines and scoured the internet to gather all the information there is on pregnancy. Now that you are giving serious thought to bringing a new life into this world, it’s time that you prepare your body for the same. Both men and women need essential vitamins and nutrients to make a baby. Vitamins are an important part of our nutritional intake and they play an indispensable role in many of the bodily functions, especially important activities such as procreation. If you are trying to conceive, then as a couple, you may want to consider some vitamins.
But just as your body needs to be prepared for pregnancy and child-rearing, you should also be emotionally and psychologically ready to have a child. Both men and women need to get plenty of vitamins and minerals in order to conceive. Here are some vitamins and nutrients that couples can start taking in order to conceive. However, it is suggested that you research well and understand the benefits and side effects of consuming these fertility vitamins for men and women to make an informed decision.
List of Vitamins and Minerals That Help Boost Fertility
Vitamins and minerals are organic compounds needed by the human body to function smoothly. An ideal diet should comprise of all the essential nutrients in small quantities as they cannot be synthesised in large quantities by the body. If they are not consumed in the normal food that you eat, fortified foods and supplements can help. To better your chances of getting pregnant, there’s a lot you can do, but including these nutrients and vitamins for fertility in females and males is the easiest solution out there.
1. Folic Acid
This is an absolute must-have for anyone wanting to get pregnant. Folic acid, also known as B9, is the ‘superhero’ vitamin in pregnancy. A woman in her reproductive age and while trying to conceive must consume 400 mcg of folic acid in a day. It is a B-complex vitamin that is used by the body to create red blood cells. It is one of the most important vitamins for female fertility, and it lowers the possibility of a neural tube defect (an issue in the baby’s spinal cord). Men can also take this vitamin as it helps them produce healthier sperm. Folic acid is available in natural form as well as a synthetic vitamin. For a couple wanting to get pregnant, the woman must start consuming ‘folic acid’-rich foods at least a month or two prior to pregnancy.
Best Sources of Folic Acid
Citrus fruits
Whole grains
Leafy greens
2. Vitamin D
Vitamin D and fertility are closely linked; women with normal levels of Vitamin D are likely to conceive naturally. It is a fat-soluble vitamin which is vital for reproductive hormones. A simple walk during the day with your partner can help your body get the sun, which is a good source of Vitamin D.
Best Sources of Vitamin D
Fortified dairy products
Salmon
Mackerel
Tuna
Sunlight exposure
3. Zinc
Zinc is an essential mineral for improving fertility in both men and women. Zinc improves the reproductive health of women but it is equally important for men too. Zinc helps improve the quality of sperm and sperm motility. The recommended daily dosage of zinc for men is 11 mg and for women is 8 mg.
Best Sources of Zinc
Oysters
Crabs
Lobsters
Whole grains
Dairy
Legumes
Beans
4. Iron
Pregnancy can be taxing for a woman and can make her anaemic. But a high amount of iron intake during the baby-making process can improve a woman’s chances of conception and help her combat pregnancy-related anaemia. Low levels of iron lead to anaemia and also contribute to low levels of conception. So if you are planning to conceive, you need to ensure that you are getting the right amount of iron into your body prior to pregnancy. A woman must get the necessary tests done to check her iron levels and take adequate supplements to normalise the same. Iron builds the blood levels in the body and aids in fertility and also balances ovulation.
Best Sources of Iron
Meat
Tomatoes
Beetroot
Spinach
Broccoli
Pumpkin
Iron supplements (if prescribed)
5. Vitamin E
Vitamin E is essential for fertility in women. Plus it also improves the quality of sperm in men. It is also important to protect the egg and sperm DNA integration after conception. Vitamin E is an antioxidant which protects the body from free radicals which can damage your cells, thereby leaving men and women prone to infections. In men, low levels of Vitamin E can lead to testicular damage thereby affecting sperm production. In women, a deficiency of Vitamin E can prevent ovulation and thereby affect the chances of getting pregnant. However, taking Vitamin E supplements is not recommended unless and until suggested by a doctor.
Best Sources of Vitamin E
Sunflower and pumpkin seeds
Almonds
Hazelnuts
Peanut butter
Kiwi
Mangoes
6. B Vitamins
All the vitamins in the B group are essential for reproduction. They include thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), pyridoxine (B6), and cyanocobalamin (B12). The group of B Vitamins are crucial for conception, especially for women, as they aid the ovaries to release an egg around ovulation. Vitamin B6 helps balance the progesterone levels in a woman’s body and can also improve the luteal phase thereby ensuring the proper time between ovulation and menstruation which is integral to a successful pregnancy. B12 has been known to increase the quality of sperm production in men and is a hormone regulator.
Best Sources of B Vitamins
Chickpeas
Whole grains
Cauliflower
Leafy greens
Eggs
Tuna
Bananas
Clams
Caviar
7. Beta-Carotene
The human body converts beta-carotene into Vitamin A (retinol) which is great for the skin and hair. It is also important for healthy eyesight, mucous membranes, and for the immune system. For pregnancy, it is a hormone regulator and helps prevent miscarriage.
Best Sources of Beta-carotene
Carrots
Sweet potatoes
Kale
Butternut squash
Cantaloupe
Broccoli
8. Omega 3 Fatty Acids
The ultimate superfood for fertility and pregnancy, omega-3 fatty acids are an absolute must. These help the woman’s body to release eggs, increase blood flow to the uterus and balance out the hormones. Not only that, post-conception it is helpful for the foetal brain development and IQ. Although not all vitamins include omega-3 fatty acids, one can take it as a supplement. Omega 3 contains two acids which are crucial one is DHA and the other is EPA. Low levels of DHA have also been associated with premature birth, low birth weight and hyperactivity in children.
Best Sources of Omega 3 Fatty Acids
Chia seeds
Flax seeds
Walnuts
Sardines
Anchovies
Herring
Cod Liver oil
Supplements (under medical guidance)
9. Selenium
An antioxidant, this essentially helps protect the egg and sperm from free radicals which can destroy the cells. Normal levels of selenium promote sperm motility in men and oestrogen metabolism in women.
Best Sources of Selenium
Brazil nuts
Leafy vegetables
Fish
Whole grains
10. Coenzyme Q10
Taking this supplement helps improve fertility in men and women. It is a fat-soluble vitamin-like compound that occurs naturally in a human body. It is not naturally produced by the body hence must be consumed with food. It is an essential substance for the function of cells. It improves embryo quality and has high fertilisation rates in women. It is also known to increase sperm count and the recommended daily dose is 30-200 mg divided throughout the day.
Best Sources of Coenzyme Q10
Fatty fish
Meat (beef, chicken)
Whole grains
11. L- Carnitine
An absolute energy source for sperms and sperm maturation, it is a substance that is crucial to enhance sperm motility. It is an amino acid-like compound that has the main function of producing energy.
Best Sources of L-Carnitine
Dairy products (milk, cheese)
Meat, especially red meat
Fish (cod, haddock)
12. Magnesium
Magnesium supports hormone regulation and aids the synthesis of progesterone, which is essential for a healthy pregnancy. It also improves sperm function in men.
Best Sources of Magnesium
Leafy green vegetables
Nuts (almonds, cashews)
Whole grains (brown rice, oatmeal)
FAQs
1. Can you take fertility supplements to aid conception?
Yes, female and male fertility supplements can be taken to aid conception but only after consulting with a doctor.
2. What are the best fertility supplements for men?
Although the mineral zinc works best to improve sperm motility in men, they can also take L-Carnitine and L-Arginine to increase both sperm count and motility.
3. Can taking too many vitamins and minerals harm fertility?
Yes, excessive intake of certain vitamins and minerals can negatively impact fertility. For example, too much Vitamin A (from supplements, not food) may lead to toxicity, which can affect reproductive health. High doses of iron, zinc, and selenium can also interfere with hormonal balance or lead to side effects. It’s essential to consult a healthcare provider before taking high doses of any supplement to ensure they’re safe and beneficial for fertility.
4. Is there a specific time of day that’s best for taking fertility-boosting vitamins?
Generally, fat-soluble vitamins like Vitamin D, E, and CoQ10 are best taken with meals containing healthy fats to improve absorption. B Vitamins and Vitamin C, which are water-soluble, can be taken on an empty stomach in the morning for optimal absorption. However, timing may vary based on personal tolerance and lifestyle, so it’s helpful to experiment or seek guidance from a healthcare provider for a regimen that suits your needs.
This was all about vitamins to boost fertility for males and females. If you are trying to conceive, taking the above-mentioned vitamins and nutrients will help you get started. You can also take supplements of the same but consult a gynaecologist before starting with any of these vitamins and minerals. Speak to your doctor about the dosage, and be safe!
References/Resources:
1. Schaefer. E, Nock. D; The Impact of Preconceptional Multiple-Micronutrient Supplementation on Female Fertility (Clinical Medicine Insights: Women’s Health); National Library of Medicine; https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6480978/; April 2019
2. Cueto. H, Riis. A, Hatch. E, Wise. L, Rothman. K, Sørensen. H, Mikkelsen. E; Folic acid supplementation and fecundability: a Danish prospective cohort study; EJCN; https://www.nature.com/articles/ejcn201594; June 2015
3. Mehendale. S, Bams. A, Deshmukh. C, et al.; Oxidative stress-mediated essential polyunsaturated fatty acid alterations in female infertility (Human Fertility); Taylor & Francis Online; https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14647270802298280; July 2009
4. Ben-Meir. A, Burstein. E, Borrego-Alvarez. A, Chong. J, et al.; Coenzyme Q10 restores oocyte mitochondrial function and fertility during reproductive aging (Aging Cell); Wiley Online Library; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/acel.12368; June 2015
5. Moslemi. M, Tavanbakhsh. S; Selenium–vitamin E supplementation in infertile men: effects on semen parameters and pregnancy rate (International Journal of General Medicine); National Library of Medicine; https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3048346/; January 2011
6. Wong. W, Merkus. H, Thomas. C, et al.; Effects of folic acid and zinc sulfate on male factor subfertility: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (Fertility and Sterility); Science Direct; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0015028201032290; March 2002
Also Read:
Best Herbs to Boost Fertility
Ideal Foods to Boost Fertility
Super Effective Ways to be More Fertile
Ways to Boost Fertility After a Miscarriage
Foods To Increase Fertility For Conceiving Twins
Fertility Supplements That May Help You Conceive
Natural Ways to Increase Fertility in Men and Women
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Can You Get Pregnant Naturally With Low AMH?
Many couples tend to believe that there is a strong link between low AMH levels and natural pregnancy success rates. However, AMH mainly reflects ovarian reserve rather than egg quality. The ‘Anti-Müllerian Hormone’ is secreted by the follicles in your body, which are responsible for creating the egg reserves. Since healthy ovulation can still occur despite low Anti-Müllerian Hormone, understanding the hormone’s role alongside age, overall reproductive health, and fertility history can provide a more accurate picture of natural conception chances.
What Is Low Anti-Müllerian Hormone?
The Anti-Müllerian Hormone, or AMH, has a specific standard level based on the age of a woman. As age increases, AMH levels begin to decline, depending on the woman’s physical and biological constitution. If these levels fall below a certain threshold, they can substantially impact a woman’s fertility (1). As per the Cleveland Clinic, AMH low meaning is fewer eggs and a lower ovarian reserve (2).
Standard AMH Levels Based on Age
When tracking the AMH levels, the values and their link to the fertility of a woman are usually dependent on the woman’s age. On a general basis, any presence of an AMH level under 1 nanogram per ml is not a good sign, since it usually marks a presence of reduced reserves of eggs. A general value of AMH based on your age is as follows:
Age (in years)
AMH value (in ng/ml)
25 – 30
5.4
30 – 35
3.5
35 – 40
2.3
40 – 43
1.3
43 and above
0.7
How to Detect Low AMH?
Doctors prescribe an anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) test, which measures the amount of AMH in a blood sample (3). The test can help you get a precise level of the hormone and detect low AMH if there is any.
Causes of Low AMH Levels
The reasons why a woman might experience low AMH levels are not deterministic. The causes of low AMH levels depend on a number of factors and can range from personal individual conditions to other aspects beyond our control.
Unsafe or inappropriate environmental conditions could expose your body to certain substances that may affect the levels of AMH in your body.
Genetic reasons are a major contributor as well. If your mother or other members of your family suffer from low AMH levels, chances are you might face the same as well.
The presence of endometriosis, causing the uterine tissue to grow outside instead of within the uterus, has also been termed a factor leading to reduced levels of AMH in the body.
The fertility of a woman reduces substantially as her age increases. While various factors play a role in this, with increasing age, AMH levels are lower in the body, affecting clinical pregnancy (4).
Progesterone and estrogen are just a few hormones responsible for maintaining fertility. If there is an imbalance in their levels or in other hormones, they could have an impact on AMH levels, too.
Despite ruling out numerous factors, from age to environment, as well as hereditary conditions, there might exist certain aspects that are unknown and have a substantial effect on the AMH levels of your body.
What Are the Symptoms of Low AMH?
Unfortunately, there are no typical signs or conditions that can clearly indicate the reduced level of AMH in your body. However, some women have experienced erratic periods or a total absence of them for a few months as a result of low AMH.
Does Low AMH Affect Fertility?
Low AMH does not indicate infertility but is a determinant of reduced reserves of the ovaries. Fertilisation may still occur successfully in certain cases, but with increasing age, the chances of miscarriage and abnormal embryo development are also higher.
What Are the Chances of Getting Pregnant With Low AMH?
The chances of achieving low AMH pregnancy success are not as dismal as they seem. Women under the age of 35 can still get pregnant with a low AMH level. This may not be true for older women since different factors that affect fertility come into play as well.
Women with low AMH can get pregnant naturally. A study reported a 35-year-old woman with critically low AMH achieved spontaneous conception three times, making natural conception possible with expert guidance (5).
Can Diet and Lifestyle Lower AMH Levels?
Poor lifestyle and poor intake of nutrients such as vitamin D, antioxidants, and essential fatty acids may affect overall reproductive health. While diet alone is not a direct cause of low AMH, maintaining a balanced nutritional diet can help support healthy ovarian function and conceive without any problem.
Other factors that lead to low AMH fertility are:
1. Smoking and Tobacco Use
Research has linked smoking with accelerated ovarian ageing and reduced ovarian reserve (6). Women who smoke may experience a faster decline in reproductive hormones compared with non-smokers.
2. Chronic Stress and Lifestyle Habits
Persistent stress, inadequate sleep, and sedentary lifestyles can cause hormonal imbalance. Although they may not directly lower AMH levels, they can influence overall fertility health.
3. Weight and Metabolic Health
Being significantly underweight or overweight may affect reproductive hormones and ovulation patterns. Maintaining a healthy weight supports better fertility outcomes and overall reproductive wellness.
How to Treat Low AMH to Get Pregnant?
While there are a few natural ways that might be useful in treating low AMH, such as yoga or even acupuncture, there are two major medical approaches you can take that have shown strong signs in achieving pregnancy even with low AMH levels.
1. Opting for IVF as a Means to Treat Low AMH
IVF has been a popular procedure for various couples when it comes to treating infertility. It all begins by stimulating the ovaries since IVF highly depends on the collection of a substantial number of eggs. Stimulation injections are administered on a daily basis. These play a vital role in causing the ovaries to develop multiple eggs instead of a single one. A larger number of eggs increases the possibility of developing multiple healthy embryos at a later stage. The entire procedure may continue for around 2-3 weeks, where the stimulation frequency and strength is based on each woman’s biological aspects. Ultrasound scans help keep a check on the development of follicles, accompanied by monitoring the levels of serum in the blood.
Once the scans determine that the follicles have reached a good proportion, the procedure for retrieving the eggs is commenced. Since the eggs need to be released from the body, a stimulant is injected that kicks the body into the ovulation stage. It takes a day and a half to reach a stage where eggs can be collected. The entire process takes 15-20 minutes and usually takes place under light sedation to avoid feeling any uncomfortable sensations. Once the eggs are procured, they are fertilised with the sperm of your choosing, either in a petri dish or by injecting them right into the egg. The embryo, once formed, is transferred to the uterus and allowed to implant naturally.
2. Going Ahead with Eggs Procured From a Donor to Achieve Pregnancy
As is clear from the entire process of IVF, the most crucial aspect for it to be successful is obtaining a good amount of healthy eggs from a woman’s body, after stimulation and ovulation. However, if the levels of AMH are extremely low, the number of eggs might be insufficient, or their constitution may not be conducive to being fertilised or forming a healthy embryo successfully. In such a scenario, opting for an egg donor is a better alternative.
The difference in the process between IVF and egg donation is quite minimal. Where eggs are obtained from your body in IVF, the eggs here are procured from a donor of your choice or from a clinic that stores frozen eggs for fertility purposes.
These eggs then undergo the same procedure as IVF, following the egg procurement. Your partner’s sperm will be used to fertilise these eggs and form an embryo, which is then transferred to the uterus.
How to Get Pregnant Naturally with Low AMH?
While the above-mentioned medical procedures do have a strong chance of helping you achieve pregnancy despite having low AMH levels, you can even attempt to get pregnant the natural way if you are up to it. Making certain lifestyle changes and diet adjustments can help you achieve success as long as you keep trying.
1. Opting for a Fertility Massage
A fertility massage is an option chosen by women even if their AMH levels are fine. This is primarily because the effects of the massage are all-encompassing and it helps create a conducive environment within your body for getting pregnant. By using specific oils and massage techniques, this fertility massage helps enhance the blood circulation in your uterine region, reduce the physical and mental stress, helps reset the hormone levels to a proper one, and even set the menstrual cycle at a proper frequency.
2. Eating Wheat Germ on a Daily Basis
Women looking to get pregnant are strongly advised to have a good intake of wheat germ, whether in the form of oil or even pearl tablets. This is quite beneficial for men as well. Wheat germ consists of selenium and zinc, both of which play a vital role in improving the condition of the sperm as well as the fallopian tubes in the body. With stronger sperm and an easier way to transport them to the egg, your chances of pregnancy can increase as a result.
3. Consuming DHEA Tablets Multiple Times in a Day
The increasing age of a woman can impact her chances of getting pregnant in a major way. One of the key factors that are affected as a result of ageing is the ovarian reserve. Increasing age tends to reduce the number of eggs as well as their quality, which can make it difficult to achieve pregnancy. DHEA, or dehydroepiandrosterone, is a hormone responsible for replenishing the hormonal reserves to a healthy level. By taking 25mg DHEA tablets 3 times a day, you can help improve egg quality and even support an ongoing IVF process.
4. Undergoing Acupuncture Sessions
There is no conclusive evidence that proves a connection between acupuncture and fertility improvement, but many women who have opted for it have walked away with great results. Acupuncture helps trigger certain areas within the body and optimise their functioning. Certain acupuncture specialists have a good understanding of the bodily areas responsible for fertility and can help you restore it to a good level once again. Even women opting for IVF should give acupuncture a try for a few months before going ahead with the procedure.
5. Yoga Exercises to Control Your AMH Levels
The reduction in AMH levels is also dependent on your mental makeup. Being stressed and tired can seriously bring down your AMH levels considerably. Engage in yogic exercises, deep breathing, and muscle relaxation poses, as these can help restore calm and quiet to the mind, and work in healing your body from within.
When to Consult a Doctor?
You can consider consulting a doctor if:
You are trying for a pregnancy without success
Your AMH is significantly lower than expected for your age
Your age is 35 years or above
You have an irregular menstrual cycle
It’s best to consult a doctor and rule out the possibilities of issues that could be delaying pregnancy rather than leaving everything to chance.
FAQs
1. Can I get pregnant naturally with low AMH?
Yes, you can. Low AMH levels in the body do not necessarily prevent natural conception, especially if you continue to ovulate regularly.
2. Does low AMH mean poor egg quality?
Not always. AMH primarily reflects egg quantity (ovarian reserve) and not egg quality.
3. What AMH level is considered low?
Reference ranges vary between laboratories, so results should always be interpreted by your fertility specialist.
4. Can AMH levels improve naturally?
Since AMH generally declines with age, certain lifestyle improvements can help support reproductive health. But significant increases in AMH are uncommon. That does not mean you focus on your health or lifestyle. Continue to eat healthily, exercise regularly, and take necessary prescribed supplements to improve your Anti Mullerian Hormone low levels.
5. Is IVF the only option for women with low AMH?
No, IVF is not the only option for conceiving if your AMH levels are low. Many women with low AMH conceive naturally. Your doctor can prescribe certain medications or supplements for low AMH.
6. Do low AMH levels mean menopause?
Low AMH does not necessarily mean menopause. It suggests reduced ovarian reserve. Many women with low AMH continue to have regular menstrual cycles for years.
Many couples often wonder if people with low AMH conceive naturally or should they opt for advanced medical procedures to make it happen. The right decision for you can be determined by attempting natural techniques while keeping an open mind for IVF or egg donation as a last resort.
Also Read:
Keys to a Successful IUI
How to Get Pregnant Fast
Delayed Ovulation Affect your Chances of Pregnancy
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A Guide to Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT) – Infertility Treatment
Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT) is a fertility treatment that may be offered to couples who require help conceiving through assisted reproductive technology (ART). Doctors may recommend this treatment in those cases where the fallopian tubes are blocked, thereby preventing the fertilisation of the sperm with the egg. This procedure, though not as popular as in vitro fertilisation (IVF), is quite similar to it. The only difference is, in ZIFT, the eggs are first fertilised in a lab, and then the fertilised embryo is directly implanted in the fallopian tubes and not the uterus. The fertilised eggs are known as zygotes. Zygotes are embryos that are single-celled as they still haven’t started dividing into further cells. Zygote Intrafallopian transfer is also called “Tubal Embryo Transfer” (TET), as the fertilised egg is directly placed into the fallopian tubes. ZIFT is often compared to another fertility treatment named Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). Research opines that ZIFT may have a higher success rate than GIFT as doctors have better chances of making sure that the egg fertilizes during the ZIFT procedure.
What Is Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer?
Zygote Intrafallopian transfer is an assisted reproductive technology treatment. This process involves the fertilisation of the eggs with the sperm in the lab. After fertilisation, the egg is laparoscopically placed into one of the fallopian tubes. The fertilised egg then travels through the fallopian tubes to reach the uterus, where it may get implanted, leading to pregnancy. Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer is considered to be a very invasive procedure as it involves laparoscopic surgery, wherein small incisions are made in the abdomen. Therefore, it may not be a preferred option for childless couples.
Who Is Treated With ZIFT?
Doctors may advise ZIFT if other means of treatment have failed. A woman with healthy fallopian tubes or even with one open fallopian tube has more chances of conceiving through the ZIFT process. Zygote intrafallopian transfer cannot be performed if there is significant damage to the tubes, blockage in the tubes or severe uterine impairment. This procedure may be recommended in cases where the sperm count of the man is low, and the woman has problems with ovulation. ZIFT may most effectively help women who are in their early 30s or younger. The success rate of the treatment and its possible health risks to the expecting mother may rise with the increasing age of the woman. If the sperm count of the man is really low, ZIFT may be performed in combination with Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI), a process which enhances the fertilisation rate by directly inserting the egg with a single sperm.
ZIFT Procedure
The stepwise procedure of how ZIFT is performed is as follows:
Stimulation of the Ovary: Doctors prescribe fertility medications to be taken at the start of the menstrual cycle. This is done so that ovaries get stimulated to release more mature eggs and prevent them from producing the eggs prematurely.
Development of Follicle: Doctors will then constantly monitor the eggs and the development of follicles through ultrasounds. Blood hormone levels are also regularly checked.
Collecting the Eggs: On maturing, the eggs are collected by inserting a thin needle into the vaginal wall.
Fertilisation: The mature eggs are then combined with the husband’s sperm and fertilised in the lab. After a day or so, the successfully fertilised eggs develop into zygotes (one-celled embryos).
Surgery: The fertilised embryo or zygote is transferred directly to the fallopian tube. This entails a small surgery. The surgery involves making a small incision in the abdomen after administering anaesthesia to the patient. The doctor, by using a laparoscope, then places 1 to 5 zygotes in the fallopian tubes. Any additional zygotes may be frozen for later use.
Implantation: The zygote journeys down the fallopian tube to reach the uterus, where it may get implanted and develop into a foetus.
Pregnancy Test: About two weeks after the surgery, the doctor may take a blood test to determine if the procedure has resulted in a successful pregnancy or not.
How Long Does Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer Take?
One procedural cycle of ZIFT, beginning with fertility drugs till the pregnancy test, may take about 4 to 6 weeks. This is because the eggs may take some time to mature. Thereafter, a day is required to collect and fertilize the eggs. Another visit becomes necessary to transfer the fertilised eggs into the fallopian tubes. The surgery is a small one, and the patient may go home the very same day.
Success Rate of ZIFT
The success rate of ZIFT largely depends on factors like the kind of fertility issue a couple has and also on the health and age of the couple seeking the procedure. A woman in her early 30s or even younger may generally produce healthier eggs and, therefore, have a greater rate of success. Studies have established the success rate of the ZIFT process to be between 25% and 40%. This implies that about one in every three ZIFT treatments leads to positive pregnancy results.
Advantages
Certain advantages of ZIFT can be listed as follows:
The ZIFT process seems more encouraging as the doctor gets to confirm the fertilisation of the eggs before inserting them into the fallopian tubes.
The process involves a more natural procedure as the embryo passes through the fallopian tubes to reach the uterus by itself.
According to new research, there is no possible link between fertility medications and cancer.
Disadvantages
On the other hand, ZIFT has a few disadvantages as well. They are as follows:
ZIFT is an invasive procedure as it involves a small surgery.
ZIFT process may lead to multiple pregnancies or births, which can pose greater complications during pregnancy like premature birth, miscarriage, or decisions to be made regarding partial abortion, keeping in mind the best interest of the mother’s health.
ZIFT procedure is an expensive treatment as it entails costly fertility medications, surgery, lab tests and ultrasounds.
ZIFT requires the doctor to choose the best embryo from the multiple zygotes, which implies discarding the remaining ones. Some couples are not comfortable with this selection process.
Similarities and Differences Between ZIFT and IVF
The similarities between ZIFT and IVF are:
ZIFT and IVF are artificial fertility treatments which may be offered to couples who are not able to conceive naturally.
In both methods, embryo culture is done.
Both processes empower the doctor to choose the best embryos for implantation.
ZIFT procedure is often compared to IVF. The key differences between the two methods are:
In ZIFT, the fertilised egg is placed in the fallopian tube, from where it journeys to the uterus on its own and in IVF, the fertilised embryo is directly transferred to the uterus.
ZIFT requires a small invasive surgery, whereas IVF doesn’t need any surgery.
Cost of ZIFT
ZIFT procedure is a costlier treatment when compared to IVF and GIFT. It may prove more expensive, depending on the nature of the fertility problem, the place where the couple resides and whether the insurance policy offers any aid to meet the cost of the treatment. The treatment may cost anything around 1.5 lakhs to 2 lakhs for each cycle of ZIFT.
ZIFT procedure offers childless couples a considerable chance of realising their dream of getting pregnant. It is always advisable to consult your doctor at length for proper guidance and knowledge about each aspect of the treatment before opting for it.
References/Resources:
1. Gamete And Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT And ZIFT); NewYork-Presbyterian; https://www.nyp.org/healthlibrary/other-details/gamete-and-zygote-intrafallopian-transfer-gift-and-zift
2. Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer: ZIFT; American Pregnancy Association; https://americanpregnancy.org/getting-pregnant/infertility/zygote-intrafallopian-transfer/
3. Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer; International Encyclopedia of Public Health (Second Edition), 2017; https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/zygote-intrafallopian-transfer
4. Zhu. T; Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer; The Embryo Project Encyclopedia; https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/zygote-intrafallopian-transfer; January 2011
5. Tournaye. H, Devroey. P, Camus. M, Valkenburg. M, et al.; Zygote intrafallopian transfer or in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer for the treatment of male-factor infertility: a prospective randomized trial; Fertil Steril.; PubMed Central; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1633900/; August 1992
Also Read:
Unexplained Infertility
Acupuncture for Infertility
Primary Infertility – Causes & Treatment
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) – Infertility Treatment
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Male Infertility: Causes, Symptoms, Tests & Treatment
It is estimated that 15% of all couples experience difficulties conceiving because of infertility. Unfortunately, women have been made to bear the brunt as they are held responsible, but that isn’t always the case. Male infertility is a topic that is largely avoided by men due to the social stigma attached and due to the patriarchal nature of our society. Often, the inability to conceive is due to problems with sperm production, ultimately relating to male infertility.
What Is Infertility in Men, and How Common Is It?
When men are unable to impregnate a woman for at least one year of unprotected intercourse, it is termed male infertility. This could be due to various reasons, from hormonal issues to lifestyle factors. Regarding infertile couples, it is thought that as many as 50% of the cases are because of male infertility.
Causes of Male Infertility
90% of all male potency problems are due to low sperm count, poor sperm quality or both. Age is also a factor that could lead to male infertility. Male partners at the age of 40 or older have a hard time impregnating their female partners. Below are some of the medical, environmental and other reasons for male infertility:
1. Medical Causes
Varicocele: This is the enlargement of the veins within the scrotum and can cause a reduction in the sperm count.
Tumours: Growth of tumours in the testicles can affect male fertility as it interferes with sperm production.
Undescended Testicles: Descended testicles have a lower temperature than the body. Undescended testicles hinder sperm count as optimal production is only at a temperature slightly below the body.
2. Environmental Causes
Radiation: Radiation can reduce the ability of the testes to produce sperm or damage the structure of the sperm. People undergoing cancer treatment may be subjected to radiation, resulting in infertility.
Industrial Chemicals: Studies have shown that chemicals like lead reduce fertility in men. Men who live in communities close to factories may be subjected to irresponsible disposal of industrial waste and may be subjected to chemicals, such as lead and benzene. Other toxic chemicals, like fungicides, insecticides, and pesticides, are also known to hinder male fertility.
3. Health, Lifestyle and Other Causes
Alcohol: Drinking more than 20 units of alcohol weekly can decrease the odds of a successful conception.
Tobacco: A study conducted on Indian men showed that tobacco consumption decreased the quality of sperm and led to infertility.
Stress: Studies have shown that unpleasant experiences can have a negative impact on the ability of testicles to produce sperm.
Symptoms
While there are no obvious physical signs of male infertility, the below-mentioned signs and symptoms may indicate it.
Sexual dysfunction, like difficulty in getting an erection
Swelling of testicles
Reduced hair growth on the face or other parts of the body
Reduced sexual activity
Testicles that are small in size
Testicles that are hard and lumpy
Low sperm count
Ejaculation has negligible semen
Sperm that has a weird shape
Poor quality of sperm
Large twisted veins on the scrotum
Dull pain in the testicles
Inability to smell
Less body or facial hair
Diagnosis and Tests
Fertility tests in men can be done by checking the blood for hormones, a physical exam or inspecting the semen. While semen analysis continues to be the primary method for assessing male infertility, there have been significant advancements in diagnostic tests to enhance the evaluation of sperm quality and function. These innovative tests have been introduced to enhance the accuracy of diagnoses and improve the overall management of male infertility.
Blood Test: A blood test for male infertility examines the levels of follicle-stimulating hormones known as the Luteinising hormone. Low amounts of the hormone have been attributed to hypogonadism, whereas high amounts are known to cause abnormalities in sperm production. Both the
Semen Leukocyte Analysis: This test checks for any white blood cells in the semen. Its presence indicates a genital infection that can affect fertility.
Seminal Fructose Test: A negative test for this indicates that the individual has no sperm in their semen.
Post-Ejaculate Urinalysis: This test studies the urine after ejaculation to see if the semen is flowing into the bladder instead of going through the urethra.
Kruger Morphology: This test analyses the sperm structure to check for defects or abnormalities. An improper sperm structure has been attributed to poor fertility.
Anti-Sperm Antibodies Test: This test is used to check if there are any antibodies present in the semen that kill the sperm. This sometimes happens when there is an injury in the testicles.
Sperm Penetration Assay (SPA): This test is used to test the ability of the sperm to penetrate a woman’s egg.
Ultrasound: This is used to examine the testes to see if there are any abnormalities that could cause infertility.
Biopsy: A small tissue of the testicles is removed to check for cancerous cells. These cells hinder the ability of the testes to produce sperm.
Vasography: It is an X-ray to detect any blockages that may lead to poor sperm production.
Possible Male Infertility Complications
Male infertility is not life-threatening but can cause significant emotional damage. What makes male infertility difficult is that the treatment can often cause minor issues. Below are some of the associated complications men are likely to experience:
Emotional stress due to the inability to conceive
Marital discord
Feeling of hopelessness due to long treatment duration which prompts many men to discontinue treatment
Financial stress due to expensive treatments such as Gonadotropin treatment
Varicocele that has been left untreated for a long time cannot be corrected even with surgery
Feeling a loss of masculinity that leads to depression
Possible testicular damage while retrieving sperm for assisted reproductive techniques
Ridicule by relatives and society can lead to a man becoming introverted
Treatment
Below are some of the methods on how to cure male infertility.
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: The sperm is directly into the egg for fertilisation.
Regulated Sex Life: Reducing the number of times that copulation takes place can improve the sperm count and improve the chances of conception.
Drug Therapy: Medicine for male fertility works at a hormonal level. For example, Clomid is given to activate the pituitary gland to produce sex hormones.
Electro-Ejaculation Therapy: This is a way of acquiring sperm in men who have neurological impairments. Small electrical jolts are given to the prostate and seminal vesicles to kickstart ejaculation.
Diet: Consuming the herbs and food items listed below can help improve male fertility.
Home Remedies to Improve Male Fertility
Going to a fertility clinic can be expensive and an unpleasant experience. Below are some natural medicines that can improve your fertility naturally.
Ashwagandha: A natural Viagra, it can not only increase the libido in a person but also increase the sperm count by more than 160%
Garlic: A natural treatment for male infertility, garlic helps reduce erectile dysfunctions and thus improves male potency.
Green Tea: The presence of epigallocatechin gallate in green tea is known to have a positive effect on sperm quality.
Ginko Leaves: Most erectile dysfunctions, which are a cause of male infertility, are because of cardiovascular issues. Ginko leaves have been known to increase blood flow and, as a result, improve male potency.
Oysters: Apart from being a powerful aphrodisiac, they are packed with zinc, which helps in sperm production.
Flaxseed Oil: One of the important ingredients for a male infertility diet is flaxseeds, which helps in prostrate health. It helps overall sperm upkeep with its rich reservoir of fatty acids and helps improve blood flow to the penis.
Other Medicines for Male Infertility
One of the main drugs for male infertility is Clomid. Though it is used by women, it can also be used by men. Male infertility supplements such as CountBoost and FertilAid are packed with vitamins and minerals that improve sperm health.
How to Manage Emotional Stress?
Learning about infertility can leave a man in shock. This is followed by anger, anxiety and a range of other emotions. Some of the methods to manage that emotional stress include:
Consider treatment options. A discussion with the partner is crucial to narrow down what method works best for both
Talking to a sexual therapist or counsellor can help reduce any tensions in the marriage/civil union
Picking up a hobby can help channel the negative energy
Talking to your spouse
Prevention
Avoid tight-fitting underwear
Avoid hot water showers
Good personal hygiene
Avoid excessive consumption of alcohol
Increase your intake of zinc and folic acid
Do yoga
Stay fit, as obesity has been known to affect sperm quality
Avoid multiple sexual partners prior to marriage, as STDs like genital warts can affect fertility
A moderate amount of sex to improve the sperm count
Cryopreservation for cancer treatment
When to Consult a Doctor?
While there are no outward signs that can detect male infertility, one can go to the doctor when
There is a low sexual drive
Inability to conceive a child even after trying for a year
Pain in the testicles
Prior surgery in the testicles may have reduced fertility, and treatment may be needed.
Male fertility can be challenging to deal with, but the success rates have been good, with more than 65%. Even in those situations where conventional methods don’t work, one can always opt for assisted reproductive methods or adoption.
References/Resources:
1. Leslie. S. W, Soon-Sutton. T. L, Khan. M. A. B; Male Infertility; NCBI; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562258/; January 2023
2. Male infertility; Mayo Clinic; https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20374773
3. What is Male Infertility?; Urology Care Foundation; https://www.urologyhealth.org/urology-a-z/m/male-infertility
4. Male Infertility; Johns Hopkins Medicine; https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/male-infertility
5. Male Infertility; Cleveland Clinic; https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17201-male-infertility
6. Infertility in men; Better Health Channel; https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/infertility-in-men
7. Male Infertility; MedlinePlus; https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html
8. How common is male infertility, and what are its causes?; NIH; https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menshealth/conditioninfo/infertility
9. Male Infertility; American Pregnancy Association; https://americanpregnancy.org/getting-pregnant/infertility/male-infertility/
10. Infertility; WHO; https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infertility
11. Male Infertility; Urologic Clinics of North America, 2020; https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/male-infertility
12. Agarwal. A, Baskaran. S, Parekh. N, et al.; Male infertility; The Lancet; https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32667-2/fulltext; January 2021
13. 10 reasons for male infertility; FIGO; https://www.figo.org/news/10-reasons-male-infertility
Also Read:
Male Fertility Tests
Azoospermia (No Sperm Count)
Male Fertility – Foods That Can Increase Sperm Count
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Ovarian Follicle and Its Role in Fertility
The female reproductive system undergoes cyclical and structural changes throughout the menstrual cycle driven by the production of hormones by the ovary. As ovarian follicular development begins while the female fetus is in-utero, its proper understanding of the Ovarian reserve plays a critical role in estimating the ovarian reserve in a woman with infertility and counseling her regarding the line of treatment for subfertility. Diminishing ovarian follicles in the uterus is a common phenomenon in women during their mid to late thirties or even earlier, reflecting the lesser number of follicles and diminishing oocyte quality. Therefore, healthcare providers must assess ovarian follicular reserve resulting in voluntary or involuntary delayed childbearing and decide on the potential benefit of assisted reproductive technology (ART), including in-vitro fertilization and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.
What Is Ovarian Follicle?
Ovarian follicles are small spheroid cellular aggregation sets found inside a woman’s ovaries. Filled with fluid that secretes hormones, these sacs influence different menstrual cycle stages. Women have approximately 200,000 to 300,000 follicles at the time of puberty, and each of them has the potential to release an egg cell (ovum) at ovulation for fertilization. Once every menstrual cycle with around 450-500 are ovulated during a woman’s reproductive lifetime, these eggs are developed.
The size and status of the follicles help assess fertility and fertility treatment. A pelvic ultrasound scan of your womb and ovaries, as well as an Anti-Mullerian Hormone blood test, can assess the size and number of follicles present on your ovaries, called an Antral Follicle Count. The follicle is the cell involved in the embryo obtained after fertilization. It is a functional anatomical structure that forms part of the ovary. The egg is the cell that matures in a tiny part of the inner wall of a follicle in each ovarian cycle under normal conditions. The follicles that don’t release a mature egg disintegrate through a process called atresia. About 99% of ovarian follicles can disintegrate at any stage of follicular development but never become mature enough to release an egg.
Furthermore, the follicle contains other cell types that produce estrogen required to develop egg maturation. Whether or not eggs are released can be determined in the first weeks of the life of the female embryo in each cycle from the first menstruation. Higher quality eggs are selected first as they become poorer with successive cycles; hence older women have more difficulty getting pregnant and have a higher rate of miscarriages.
What Are the Different Types of Ovarian Follicles?
Human ovaries generally produce a single dominant follicle that must complete all the steps in folliculogenesis on time to result in single ovulation. However, only a few among the multiple follicles in the ovary become dominant. This demonstrates the fundamental principle that folliculogenesis in mammals is a highly selective process. Here is a classification of follicles that can help understand follicular development.
1. Primordial Follicle
An ovarian follicle undergoes several distinct phases before its ovum is released. Primordial follicles form in the fetal ovary in the first five months of development. They migrate into the developing gonad early in embryogenesis and form oogonia that proliferate by mitosis. Upon reaching sexual maturity, some of these Primordial follicles enlarge and mature to form primary oocytes to complete the first meiotic division to make gametes under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone. The oocytes synthesize a coat called the ‘zona pellucida’ and cortical granules. They also obtain ribosomes, yolk, glycogen, lipid, and mRNA that will be used later on after fertilization to direct the early development of the embryo. Ova are formed post a second mitotic division. The oocyte in primordial follicles is surrounded by a single layer of flattened ovarian follicular epithelial cells called granulosa cells. It gets arrested in the last stage of prophase, known as dictyotene.
2. Primary Follicle
Primordial follicles get stimulated to become primary follicles at the beginning of each menstrual cycle. The oocyte enlarges, and the follicular cells are separated by the zona pellucida, a thin band of glycoproteins. Proteins on a sperm’s surface bind to specific glycoproteins in the zona pellucida. A follicle with two layers of follicular cells is called a primary follicle. These cells grow into a stratified epithelium known as the zona granulosa proliferate to form many layers surrounding the oocyte. This is followed by the enlargement of a thick glycoprotein layer known as zona pellucida at the late primary follicle stage. Then, the stroma around the follicle develops to form a capsule-like ‘theca.’ One out of all maturing follicles completes the maturation process each month. The remaining follicles degenerate into atretic follicles.
3. Secondary Follicle
The primary follicle builds into a secondary follicle. The secondary follicles resemble the primary follicles but are larger and have more follicular cells. Small accumulations of fluid, called follicular fluid, happen in the intracellular spaces. These gradually merge to form an antrum rich in hyaluronan and proteoglycans. The surrounding granulosa cells are called the cumulus oophorus. The surrounding theca can be differentiated into the Theca Interna and Theca Externa. The androgens in Theca Interna are converted into estrogen by the granulosa cells.
4. Graffian Follicle
The secondary follicle develops into a Graffian follicle that appears between the first meiotic division and completion of ovulation. The oocyte has become a secondary oocyte and starts its second meiotic division. The follicular fluid fills a single space, called the antrum, surrounded by the follicular cells called the membrana granulosa. The granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte project into the antrum and are known as the cumulus oophorus. The secondary oocyte is now surrounded by the zona pellucida and a layer of cells known as the corona radiata. After the ovum is expelled from the Graafian follicle, it enters the fallopian tube and into the oviduct. Next, the oocyte begins its second meiotic division, as far as metaphase II, but only if the ovum is fertilized.
5. Corpus Leteum
After ovulation, the remaining cells of the Granulosa and Theca Interna form the corpus luteum. Its center contains the remains of the blood clot formed after ovulation. Granulosa cells enlarge, become vesicular, and are called Glanulosa lutein cells. These become folded, and the space between the folds is filled with Theca Interna cells surrounding the clot, whereas theca lutein cells are on their own, lying outside. The zona granulosa cells produce progesterone and a small amount of cholesterol. The corpus luteum also secretes estrogen and relaxin. The corpus luteum degenerates into corpus Albicans in case pregnancy doesn’t happen. The levels of estrogen and progesterone fall, allowing the release of FSH and LH. If pregnancy does occur, then the syncytiotrophoblasts of the placenta release human chorionic gonadotrophin, and the corpus luteum persists. Out of 20 primordial follicles that start developing in each cycle, only one makes it.
6. Corpus Albicans
In the absence of fertilization, the cells of the corpus luteum remain active for around two weeks until the LH levels fall and the corpus luteum involutes to form the corpus Albicans. The secretory cells of the corpus luteum get phagocytosed by macrophages and are replaced by fibrous material. The corpus Albicans looks pale and continues to shrink until it forms a small scar on the side of the ovary.
7. Atretic Follicle
Although several primordial follicles are triggered to continue development on each menstrual cycle, only one follicle completes development to release an ovum. At any stage of development, the other follicles can degenerate through a process called atresia. During atresia, granulosa cells undergo apoptosis and are replaced by fibrous material. The oocyte degenerates, and the basement that separates the oocyte from granulosa cells thickens to become the glassy membrane.
How Many Eggs Are in a Follicle?
In a normal menstrual cycle, one follicle grows to contain one egg. The follicle gets bigger and ruptures at ovulation to release the egg. This happens around 14 days after the beginning of your menstrual cycle.
How Many Follicles Is Normal?
A woman can have an adequate or normal ovarian reserve which can count between 6-10, depending on the number of antral follicles. The ovarian reserve is considered low if the follicles count is less than 6 and high if the number is more than 12. It is more likely that women with low ovarian reserve do not respond to treatment, and women with high ovarian reserve exaggeratedly respond to treatment. In both cases, the treatment cycle becomes unsuccessful than in the instance of a normal follicular count.
What Is Antral Follicle Count?
The antral follicle test is a transvaginal ultrasound that measures the number of antral follicles present in the ovary. A doctor or a technician conducts the test using a probe, which is inserted into the woman’s vagina to examine and count the number of antral follicles on the ovaries. Follicles in ovary ultrasound can be seen despite measuring between 2 to 9 millimetres in diameter. The number of antral follicles can ascertain the number of eggs and the number of follicles that are too small to see and remain in the ovaries. Although this test is usually conducted on the third day of your menstrual cycle, in reality, it can be done at any time.
What Is the Usual Count of Antral Follicles?
Older women have fewer antral follicles than younger women. Women between mid-20s and early 30s have around 12 to 30 antral follicles. Those between 35 and 40 have between 8 to 15, and those between 41 and 46 have anywhere between 4 to 10 antral follicles. Women with lesser than five antral follicles may need fertility treatments, like in vitro fertilization (IVF) with the aid of donor eggs to conceive.
What Is Dominant Follicle in Ovary?
Only one mature ovarian follicle or Dominant Follicle from the antral follicles is selected to “ovulate in a natural cycle.” This follicle can be differentiated from others in size and rapid growth. As part of a biological process, the other follicles disappear or die. The dominant follicle has an average diameter of 22 mm to 24 mm before ovulation occurs and can indicate whether ovulation will happen with ease.
What Are Empty Follicle Syndrome?
An empty follicle syndrome is produced in very rare cases. It would not be egg retrieval after ovarian stimulation in IVF treatment in patients with adequate growth follicles and estradiol levels. An error in HCG administration, abnormal response to treatment, or impaired follicular mellowing can be the possible reasons for estimating or establishing their possible occurrence. This has been observed more frequently in women with a history of primary infertility and good follicle count. Despite being a rare event (<7%), its incidence increases with age. This, however, doesn’t imply that a patient has an exact fertility problem, and most may have a normal follicular mellowing and an adequate number of eggs.
Can You Get Pregnant With a Single Mature Follicle?
A woman can get pregnant naturally with a single mature follicle as long as it releases an egg down the fallopian tube to meet the sperm. But if a woman is undergoing fertility treatment, it depends on the type of therapy and her age. For women using intrauterine insemination (IUI) and those aged below 40, one or two mature follicles are preferred. More follicles may not significantly increase the chances of getting pregnant, but it does raise your chance of having twins or multiples for women who happen to conceive. However, women over 40 using IUI may consider using ovulation-stimulating treatments for stimulating more mature follicles. It has been found that those women above 40 and up to four mature follicles tripled their odds of pregnancy without significantly raising their chances of multiples. Regardless of age, women undergoing IVF can be suggested to use fertility medications that produce more mature follicles. Hormone injections with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), or both are administered a couple of weeks beforehand to stimulate the ovaries. An ultrasound-guided needle is used during the IVF egg retrieval procedure to reach the ovaries and collect at least 10 or more eggs per cycle.
How Many Immature Follicles Show Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
Women with PCOS have more antral follicles than women without PCOS. A woman with PCOS can have more than 30 antral follicles in total. They produce above-average levels of the hormone testosterone, which obstructs ovulation. As the follicles struggle to release eggs, they fail to undergo ovulation. Women with PCOS can still get pregnant, but it can get delayed. Medications, such as metformin that contain ovulation-inducing drug Clomid or letrozole or IVF can induce pregnancy. Losing weight, boosting vitamin D levels, and reducing stress may also help solve the problem. Along with medications and treatment, women can battle PCOS with non-chemical and organic additives that are known to regulate PCOS symptoms and bring a hormonal balance. andMe PCOS PCOD Tea For Hormonal Balance Tea Bags is one such goody that promises improved fertility by regulating ovarian hormones, healthy weight loss, regular periods, and detoxification of the body with its natural and non-toxic ingredients, including Shavatri, Ashwagandha, and Lodhra. This fortified organic green tea is 100% vegan, sugar-free, and free from baddies like preservatives and artificial flavours.
Although ovarian follicles can serve as an indicator of fertility, other factors like age, weight, health history and even genetics can indicate the chances of pregnancy. An antral follicle count test can determine the chances of pregnancy at a certain point in time but not the entire duration of the reproductive cycle.
A diagnosis of follicle size and low ovarian reserves can be a matter of stress for most women. IVF with an egg donor is a possible path that not all couples agree or can take up. While ovarian follicle counts are an important indicator of fertility, one number doesn’t define you or can certainly predict the future of your fertility. Don’t be afraid to seek a second opinion on further fertility testing and diagnosis results if you’re unsure.
Also Read:
Premature Ovarian Failure(POF)
Is Ovary Size Important for Pregnancy?
Is It Possible to Get Pregnant With One Ovary?
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Chromopertubation – Procedure, Risk, and More
Chromotubation, also called chromopertubation, is a procedure performed medically. The process involves the introduction of a blue-coloured dye into the uterine cavity through the cervix. As the dye flows through the fallopian tubes, it provides a visual confirmation of whether the tubes are open or blocked, which is crucial for women experiencing infertility. While this test is done to understand the causes of failing to conceive, you should conduct extensive research before getting this procedure done. In this article, we will walk you through the procedure in detail, including its purpose, step-by-step process, potential risks, and benefits.
What Is Chromotubation?
Chromotubation is part of a slight invasive surgery called laparoscopy. Chromotubation is a process of determining infertility issues. A block in the fallopian tubes could be one of the many causes of not getting pregnant. Chromotubation is a medical procedure performed under general anesthesia and can also determine other underlying issues possibly hindering chances of becoming pregnant (1).
Why Chromotubation Is Done?
The chromotubation procedure is performed to determine the reason for difficulties in getting pregnant during an infertility evaluation. During any blockages in the fallopian tube, the eggs cannot pass from the ovary to the uterus. This again prevents the eggs from reaching the sperm, which will not result in a pregnancy. Similarly, if both fallopian tubes are found blocked, infertility can be diagnosed (2).
What Happens During Chromotubation?
A surgical device equipped with a camera is placed in the abdominal opening via a small cut, vaguely just below the belly button. This helps the doctors to examine the internal organs- the fallopian tubes in this instance. Before placing the laparoscope, a uterine manipulator, a camera-like device, is placed through the vagina and the cervix in the uterus.
Then, a catheter is used to inject a dye into the uterus, and the fallopian tubes are monitored with the help of a laparoscope camera to see if the dye spills from the other end of the tube. There is no blockage if the dye comes out of the other end easily. However, if the dye does not come out, it indicates a blockage. It can indicate scarring or endometriosis (3).
Chromotubation Risks
Chromotubation is performed as a part of laparoscopy. As with any surgical procedure, it requires anaesthesia and does involve some risks, that include:
Injury to organs in the abdomen
Loss of blood
Damage to nerve
Allergic reactions to anesthesia
Blood clots
Scarred tissue
To separate the organs and clear visibility, gas is injected into the abdomen during the surgery. This gas could be one of the most common causes and common after-effects of the procedure. The shoulder is the part of the body that gets hit by the gas pressure at the top of the abdomen.
Chromotubation could be falsely indicated if a patient has an injury in the abdomen, any previous complication from surgery, or allergic reaction to anesthesia.
Chromotubation Treatment
If a laparoscopy with chromotubation is performed and a blockage is detected, minor treatments and procedures can help with the treatment.
1. Tube Resection
Often, surgeons can rectify the blockage during laparoscopic surgery. Endometriosis or linkages that are blocking the tubes could be resected. However, this does not necessarily guarantee fertility. Often, damage in the tubes that cannot be repaired could result from the cause of blockages. It could also be due to the blockage resulting from pressure built in the tube due to the block. Even if the tubes are resected at the time of surgery, it may not always work in the long run as scarring could return even post the healing process.
2. Removal of Fallopian Tube
If the surgeon believes that the tubes have internal damage after performing the chromotubation, the surgeon may suggest removing the tube as it may never function normally again (4). Removal of the tube does not mean that the patient cannot get pregnant. They will, however, have to undergo in-vitro fertilization to conceive. With the help of IVF, the sperm and eggs meet in the petri dish in the lab, where the embryo is placed directly in the uterus (5).
Other Testing Options
Given that chromotubation is a surgical procedure, many patients over the years have chosen non-invasive and non-surgical methods to determine any blockage. A few options are Hysterosalpingogram and Sonosalpingography. Both these procedures take less than 10 minutes and do not require anesthesia or surgery.
1. Hysterosalpingogram
A hysterosalpingogram is a procedure that uses contrast that is infused into the uterus before an X-ray. The X-ray reveals if the contrast is spilling out of the tube or not (6).
2. Sonosalpingography
A sonosalpingography is where air bubbles are infused into the uterus. Once this is done, a sonogram is taken to see if the bubble comes out of the tube (7).
While determining a couple’s fertility through investigation, it is imperative to determine whether the fallopian tubes are blocked. There are various ways to do this, and laparoscopy is one of the best ways. Apart from assessing the tubes, the laparoscopy procedure examines the organs of the pelvis that include the uterus, ovaries, and other surrounding organs. Endometriosis and scarred tissues are conditions that can be determined through laparoscopy. A laparoscopy with chromotubation ascertains the cause of infertility and is a diagnostic procedure to determine more about the fallopian tubes.
FAQs
1. Does chromotubation hurt?
There may be some pain around the area where incisions have been made on the abdomen. There could be slight bruising around the lower abdomen. It is also common to experience discomfort on the right shoulder or around the neck.
2. How do I know my fallopian tube is blocked?
The chromotubation procedure is performed by sedating the patient using general anesthesia. The laparoscope is inserted using a small cut on the skin with a tiny camera attached to it. A metal or plastic tube is placed into the uterus through the cervix, and a blue dye is passed through this tube. This passes through the uterine cavity and the fallopian tubes. If the tubes have no blockage, then the dye can be seen as spilling out of the ends of the tubes, which will be visible through the laparoscope camera. However, if the dye does not flow back into the uterus cavity, then it is evident that there is a block in the tube. Apart from evaluating the blockage in tubes, a laparoscopy with chromotubation also identifies other causes of infertility like endometriosis and scarring of tissues in the pelvic region.
3. Can I get pregnant after a laparoscopy?
It is advisable not to try to get pregnant immediately after a laparoscopic chromopertubation. Post-chromotubation recovery can take some time. It takes a few weeks to recover from the pain and bloating you would experience after the laparoscopy. So, surgeons advise giving it a few weeks to try getting pregnant after the laparoscopy procedure.
It is essential to recover before engaging in any physical activity, and that includes intercourse. This could vary from a few days to many weeks. It is vital to listen to your body and stay safe from any complications. Plenty of rest and ample nutrition is vital for a faster recovery. If you experience any pain during intercourse, stop and give your body time to heal. If pain continues, consult a doctor.
4. How long does a laparoscopy and dye take?
The procedure of laparoscopy with chromotubation is performed under general anesthesia. The entire procedure should take about fifteen minutes.
As with any medical intervention, it’s important to ensure that it aligns with individual health needs and circumstances. For women struggling with infertility, chromotubation procedure can provide essential information, guiding doctors toward the most effective treatment options.
References/Resources:
1. PubMed Central – Fertility Improvement of Hysteroscopy with Chromopertubation in the Management of Infertile Women with Hysterosalpingography Evidence of Abnormal Tubal Patency: A Prospective Comparative Study
2. Tampa General Hospital – Chromopertubation
3. INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ANTICANCER RESEARCH – Chromopertubation – Presentation of a Modification of the Standard Technique
4. Healthdirect – Salpingectomy
5. Cleveland Clinic – IVF (In Vitro Fertilization)
6. Cleveland Clinic – Hysterosalpingogram
7. International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology – Sonosalpingography
Also Read:
Treatment of Primary Infertility
Ovulation Induction Therapy for Infertility
Intrauterine Insemination Process for Infertility
Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)
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Bee Pollen for Fertility – Benefits and Recommended Dosage
Every married couple eagerly waits for the day when their family is blessed with a baby. But sometimes, there are some hurdles that hinder the process of conceiving. Couples facing infertility issues have increased due to sedentary lifestyles, continuous radiation exposure through wireless networks, and unhealthy food choices. Several natural remedies offer couples a safe and effective choice to boost their fertility in such situations. Bee pollen for fertility is one remedy that has gained popularity in recent years, but whether it is genuinely effective is something many people are unaware of. So, is bee pollen for female fertility really effective, or is it just another hoax? Let’s read the post to know the effectiveness of bee pollen for fertility.
What Is Bee Pollen?
When worker bees leave the hive for the day, they collect bee pollen and return it to the hive. They granulate pollen with the plant pollen’s enzymes, digestive enzymes from bees, and a little honey or nectar (1). Bee pollen is a natural, high-nutrient source with various trace minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants (2). Its health advantages include improving immunity, controlling weight and allergies, treating prostate issues, and enhancing fertility. Bee pollen is loaded with bioactive compounds and offers extremely successful natural therapy for infertility in both men and women. However, before using bee pollen to treat infertility, you should speak with your doctor.
It is important to note that bee pollen should not be confused with beeswax, honey, bee venom, royal jelly, or propolis (3).
Benefits of Bee Pollen on Women’s Fertility
The bee pollen’s benefits for female fertility are numerous. Here are some listed benefits of bee pollen on women fertility:
1. Rich in Nutrients
Bee pollen contains many essential elements, around 96, that you need to live a healthy life. Pollen contains 40% proteins that your body can utilize without having to break them down. Bee pollen also contains various important minerals, including calcium, iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, and potassium, which contribute to your overall health and fertility.
2. Boosts Estrogen Levels
Estrogen aids in the proper release of eggs during ovulation by boosting ovarian activity. The higher the quality of the eggs, the more likely you are to become pregnant. If you’re attempting to conceive, bee pollen can help you enhance your estrogen levels and balance the hormones you need to get pregnant. Pollen also improves the capacity of the eggs to withstand and survive the incubation phase.
3. Improves Immunity and Libido
Pollen increases your libido and energy levels, making it easier to conceive. Pollen also stimulates your immune system and protects you from various ailments. All important fatty acids, carbs, glucose, antioxidants, fructose, vitamins, enzymes, and minerals included in pollen help to enhance your immune system.
4. Hormone Regulation
Bee pollen is beneficial in regulating hormonal imbalance faced by women that lead to fertility issues like PCOS. However, to prove this claim, more research needs to be done.
The relationship between bee pollen and fertility is not beneficial for only women; it is for men as well. A 2009 study found an increase in daily sperm production, testosterone levels, and sperm counts when rats were fed with the pollen of pollen of plant sources Raphanus spp. and Cistus spp. (4).
Side Effects and Risks
You have heard numerous success stories about bee propolis fertility; however, you may be wondering, “Is bee pollen safe for getting pregnant?” Well, it is, as there are no significant side effects or risks after using bee pollen. Though in some rare cases, there could be some minor side effects. Here are some side-effects or risks to consider before starting the use of bee pollens:
If you are allergic to bees or bee products or have asthma, you might be allergic to bee pollen (5) (2).
Bee pollen from industrialized areas can have toxins, chemicals, and heavy metals that can harm your health. So go for fresh, clean, and pure bee pollen that comes from an unpolluted environment.
Skin rash, low pulse, stomach pain, wheezing, tingling, and discomfort may happen in some cases for people allergic to bee pollen, and, in rare cases, anaphylaxis (6).
Women taking blood thinners should avoid it.
If you have prostate problems, stomach problems, joint pains, or hay fever, consult your doctor first before consuming bee pollen.
How to Improve Fertility Through Bee Pollen?
To improve fertility through the consumption of bee pollen, follow these tips:
Only use bee pollen from organic sources that are of good quality. Chemicals may be present in those supplied from industrial farms.
Eat healthy and nutritious foods in a balanced diet, and stay away from processed foods with high quantities of toxins and salts.
Exercise regularly, get enough rest and de-stress.
Have frequent checks to determine your and your partner’s fertility status.
If you are on blood thinners, such as warfarin, make sure to consult your doctor before trying bee pollen for fertility, as it could bee pollen could interact with anticoagulants (6) (3).
How Much Bee Pollen Should You Consume Daily to Improve Fertility?
There are no recommended or set quantities of bee pollen for increasing fertility. Ask your physician or a certified herbalist for the recommended dosage before starting bee pollen. There are many ways to incorporate bee pollen into your daily diet. It can be used in various recipes for added nutrition and flavour.
FAQs
1. Can bee pollen help or work with IVF treatments?
A 2020 study published in the Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition suggested that bee pollen may help bring improvement in the IVF treatments (7). However, more research is required on this case.
2. Can bee pollen help treat or reduce menstrual irregularities or PCOS?
Although bee pollen is known to reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms, there is not evidence that claims it can reduce or treat menstrual irregularities. It is also known to help with PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) (8).
Bee pollens are an effective and natural way to boost fertility. However, apart from them, make sure to lead a healthy lifestyle and eat a nutritious diet to get your body ready for pregnancy.
References/Resources:
1. Khalifa. S. A. M, et al.; Bee Pollen: Current Status and Therapeutic Potential; Nutrients.; PubMed Central; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8230257/; May 2021
2. Bee Pollen; URMC; https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=19&contentid=BeePollen
3. Bee Pollen; MedlinePlus; https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/78.html
4. Selmanoğlu. G, et al.; The Effect of Pollen on Some Reproductive Parameters of Male Rats; Pestic. fitomed. (Beograd); https://doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1820-3949/2009/1820-39490901059S.pdf; 2009
5. Jagdis A, Sussman G. Anaphylaxis from bee pollen supplement. CMAJ; PubMed Central; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3394823/; July 2012
6. Bee pollen; Drugs.com; https://www.drugs.com/mtm/bee-pollen.html
7. Abdelnour. S. A, et al.; Useful impacts of royal jelly on reproductive sides, fertility rate and sperm traits of animals; Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jpn.13303; Januray 2020
8. Naseri. L, et al.; Synergic effect of bee pollen and metformin on proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells: Rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome; Journal of Food Biochemistry; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfbc.13635; February 2021
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Sonohysterogram for Fertility – Procedure, Benefits, and Risks
A sonohysterogram is a specialized ultrasound of the uterus and fallopian tubes to determine the suspected intrauterine abnormalities. Suppose your doctor has asked you to undergo a saline sonohysterogram test. In that case, it may be to determine the actual cause of the uterine problems such as abnormal menstrual bleeding, cramping, infertility, or pelvic pain. Your doctor may also perform the exam before the IVF treatment to possibly rule out difficulties that could arise during the embryo implantation.
What is a Sonohysterogram?
Saline infusion sonohysterography (SHG) is a non-invasive transvaginal ultrasound that introduces saline water inside the uterine cavity. The exam does not use radiation and is a painless procedure. It uses sound waves that create real-time images of the inside of your uterus on a computer.
During the sonohysterogram exam, a skinny tube, called a catheter, is gently inserted inside the cervical opening. Then a saline solution is slowly introduced into the uterine cavity through the catheter. The saline solution gently stretches the uterus, making the uterine walls move away from each other. This stretching of the uterus causes the transvaginal ultrasound wand to evaluate the condition of the uterus precisely. Also, the fluid pathway through the sonohysterogram fallopian tubes provides the details of its defects on ultrasound.
Then a long and slender wand (transducer) is inserted into the vagina. The wand, in turn, emits sound waves that bounce back echoes. The transducer records these echoes and sends them to the computer screen, where a real-time image of the uterus’s inside is developed.
Your doctor can perform SHG without using the saline solution as it is done during pregnancy. However, the results with saline solution are precise and beneficial.
Why Would You Need Sonohysterography?
SHG exam evaluates uterine abnormalities, such as uterine adhesion or scarring. It also considers endometrium problems and many other disorders such as abnormal pelvic pain or pressure, irregular shape or size of the uterus, and repeated miscarriages.
Your doctor may also perform SHG during fertility testing. It gives a close glimpse of the endometrial cavity. It enables the doctor to evaluate the thickness of the endometrial lining and any irregularities that could interfere with pregnancy. Here are the benefits of Sonohysterogram:
It is a very easy, non-invasive procedure for detecting Uterine fibroids, Uterine polyps, or cancer
It causes no or only mild discomfort (varies from woman to woman)
It does not carry any risk or scarce risk of infection or complications
It doesn’t use radiations but only sound ways to get the real-time images
It is less expensive compared to other tests
It provides an excellent and real-time image of the inside of the uterus
Risks of Sonohysterography
Sonohysterography is a very safe procedure with rare chances of complications and risks. Some women may feel minor discomfort during the process that vanishes quickly after the test. There is a low risk of infection (in very rare cases) that needs doctor consultation.
However, SHG may sometimes cause mild pain, spotting, or vaginal bleeding in some women, but that gets cured in a day or two. Due to this, a sonohysterogram during the period is not recommended. However, you don’t need to contact a doctor or be anxious about these mild problems. However, pregnant women and women with active pelvic or vaginal infections should not undergo this procedure.
Cost of Sonohysterography
An SHG exam may cost between $500 and $700. And, if your doctor has prescribed a combination of tests, the cost will be more. Although insurance covers this test, it may not be covered if it is advised for IVF treatment. So, make sure to confirm with your insurance provider and the financial advisor at the fertility clinic to find out if your medical insurance covers it.
Other Fertility Tests During Sonohysterogram
Many other tests are used to evaluate the abnormalities of the uterine cavity, endometrium, and fallopian tubes. Other tests are:
1. Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
HSG is an age-old method that uses X-rays for evaluating tubal health. It places an iodinated contrast through the cervix and takes X-rays to assess the shape of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
2. Transvaginal Ultrasonography
This ultrasound is done without using the saline solution to assess the uterus and the ovaries. The test doesn’t check the fallopian tubes because of the lack of contrast fluid.
3. Laparoscopy
Laparoscopy is an operative procedure and needs the use of anesthesia. In this test, the doctor makes one, two, or three tiny cuts in the abdomen through which they insert a laparoscope and other specialized surgical instruments. It would be best to have hospitalization in this test for a day and at least 15 days’ rest at home.
Your doctor may ask for an SHG test or any of the above tests or even a combination of an SHG and an HSG, depending upon your conditions. A combination of tests is generally performed to detect some complex uterine fertility problems.
Will the Sonohysterography Test Hurt?
Well, this is the question that comes to every woman’s mind when her doctor advises an SHG. Although a sonohysterogram exam doesn’t hurt, you may feel –
Certain discomfort
Little or no pain
Anxiety
Slight cramping
All these side effects of a sonohysterogram may vary from woman to woman and fade away either right after the test, in a few hours, or a day or two. If you find it difficult to bear with the pain and discomfort, talk to your doctor, who may prescribe you an over-the-counter medicine.
Certain factors can make SHG more uncomfortable, including:
If you are anxious or stressed about the test, it is more likely that you will experience certain discomfort.
If your cervix is narrow or the uterus is abnormally placed, it may cause difficulty in catheter placement and, in turn, result in pain.
If there are any blocked fallopian tubes due to which the fluid may not spill out as it should be, it might cause pain.
If you feel pain even during regular gynecological examinations, the procedure may be painful for you.
Discuss with your doctor the potential risks, pains, and discomfort before undergoing the SHG test. It will help in relaxing your mind at the time of the test.
Is Sonohysterography Better Than Hysterosalpingogram?
Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is an X-Ray of the abdomen that helps the doctor find out the condition of the fallopian tubes. The doctor may suggest this test to check whether tubes are open or blocked. The doctor performs the test to investigate the reasons for miscarriages, such as tumors, adhesions, or uterine fibroids. However, the test has a few disadvantages, such as:
The procedure uses radiopaque contrast that contains iodine, which may cause a reaction.
The procedure uses X-rays that may carry some risks of radiation.
In contrast, SHG doesn’t use any iodine contrast; also, there is no radiation risk. The procedure is comparatively safe and painless. It is cost-effective, quick to perform, and delivers precise results.
How to Prepare for the Sonohysterography Test?
Doctors do not recommend sonohysterography during periods. They suggest the test in the mid-cycle of menstruation (from day 6 to 10 of a regular 28-day cycle). This duration is best suited as it helps in visualizing the thin endometrium with maximum clarity. Also, the risks of disturbing an early pregnancy or infections are less.
Although you don’t need special preparation before the exam, but-
Your doctor may advise you to take an over-the-counter painkiller, like ibuprofen, 30 to 60 minutes before the procedure to alleviate any potential discomfort.
You must come dressed in a comfortable outfit that is easy to remove and put on. Or, the health adviser may give you a gown to change.
The doctor may ask you to have an oral antibiotic to prevent any infection during this procedure.
Your doctor may prescribe a urine pregnancy test as sonohysterography is not suitable for pregnant women.
You need to visit the restroom just before going to the exam.
How Does the Sonohysterogram Procedure Work?
The sonohysterogram procedure utilizes sound waves to get clear pictures of the inside of a woman’s uterus. These pictures help the doctor diagnose unexplained vaginal bleeding and many other uterus anomalies. This test uses a saline solution and is also known as saline infusion sonography (SIS).
The SHG test is performed very much like a regular gynecologic exam. Still, it involves the insertion of the transducer (a long and slender wand) and saline solution into the woman’s vagina on an empty bladder. The doctor inserts a small tube (catheter) into the vagina and injects a small sterile saline solution into the uterus cavity. Then, the doctor inserts an ultrasound transducer into the vagina. High-frequency sound waves travel from the transducer into the body, and it recollects the waves that bounce back. A computer uses these sound waves to create a real-time image of the inside of the uterus. It is a non-invasive medical test and helps doctors diagnose and treat a woman’s uterus-related medical conditions.
During the Sonohysterography
The sonohysterography test is performed by a radiologist or technician at a healthcare provider’s office or a hospital. You can expect the following during the test:
Before the procedure begins, you have to empty your bladder. Then, you need to undress from the waist down and lie on an examination table. You may experience mild cramping during or after the procedure.
Your healthcare provider will perform a pelvic exam to check for any pain or infection.
They will cover the transducer with a thin covering and a special gel and insert it into your vagina.
They will move the wand slightly to capture different images of your uterus, just like a standard vaginal ultrasound.
After this, they will remove the transducer and insert a speculum into your vagina to see and reach your cervix.
They will insert a swab to wipe clean your cervix.
Next, they will insert a thin catheter into the cervix and remove the speculum from your vagina.
Then they will put the wand back into your vagina and send a saline solution through the catheter into the uterus.
After sending enough saline fluid into your uterus, they will take images of the inside of your uterus.
After that, the healthcare provider will remove the wand and catheter. And, the saline solution will drain out of your uterus by itself over the next few hours.
After the Sonohysterography
In most cases, you can resume your normal activities right after the procedure. But, for a few minutes or hours after the procedure, you may experience a few symptoms like:
Cramping
Light brown spotting
Fluid leakage from your vagina
All the after-effects mentioned above are usual and nothing to be worried about. However, most women do not feel any pain after the procedure; you can take over-the-counter painkillers if you think so.
When to Contact Doctor?
If you experience symptoms that are not normal, like-
Severe pain that doesn’t go away after taking ibuprofen or another painkiller
High fever in the next few days
Change in the amount or type of vaginal discharge
These might be indications of a rare pelvic infection associated with sonohysterography. These symptoms are alarming, and you need to see your doctor. Your doctor may examine your conditions and accordingly either prescribe some medication or other diagnostic tests.
A sonohysterogram is a transvaginal ultrasound that puts saline fluid into the uterus cavity to judge the condition of the uterine cavity. The primary purpose of performing this test is to make sure your uterus and fallopian tubes are healthy and fit for a pregnancy to grow. It is a cost-effective, safe, and low-risk diagnostic test and doesn’t need any special sonohysterogram preparation.
The SHG offers a simultaneous view of the uterine cavity, endometrium, and fallopian tubes. It is the preferred choice of doctors as a first-line diagnostic procedure for finding the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding, abnormalities, and infertility.
FAQs
1. How Much Time Does the Test Take?
The sonohysterography exam takes about 45 minutes. While the preliminary pelvic scan may take approx. 20 minutes, the saline sonohysterography procedure will take around 15 minutes, making the total time to be approx. 45 minutes.
2. Who Interprets the Results and How to Get Them?
A doctor trained in supervising and interpreting radiology exams, called a radiologist, will analyze the images produced in the sonohysterography test. The radiologist will create a signed report and send it to the doctor who asked for the examination. The doctor will go through the reports and share the results with you. In some cases (if you insist), the radiologist may also discuss the test results with you after the exam.
After checking your test reports, your doctor may ask for some follow-up exams and explain your reasons and needs. The follow-up exams are performed to find out other potential causes or effects of the abnormality.
Also Read:
Feng Shui Methods for Fertility
Importance of Trigger Shots for Fertility
Effective Fertility Supplements That Helps to Conceive
Read more
Fertility Massage – Can It Help You Get Pregnant?
The decision to become a mother is both exciting and full of hope. But for many women, trying to conceive can also be a stressful and emotional journey, especially when the test results keep coming back negative. That’s why some turn to natural methods like self-fertility massage to support their bodies and boost their chances of getting pregnant. It sounds soothing, right? But what exactly is it, and can it really help?
Massage and fertility are more connected than you might think. The right kind of massage can help you relax, improve blood flow to your reproductive organs, and make it easier for your body to get ready for pregnancy. In this article, we’ll break down what fertility massage therapy is, how it works, and whether it might be a helpful part of your fertility journey.
What Is a Fertility Massage?
It is a type of massage that is aimed at improving the fertility and health of the reproductive organs. It is an all-natural technique with benefits that include improved abdominal health, reproductive health and menstrual cycle.
Can Fertility Massages Help in Conception?
A massage for getting pregnant; seems odd, right? While there is no research to show that fertility massages directly improve fertility, massages can still help reduce stress (1). Many studies have shown that massages decrease the levels of stress hormones in the body while increasing dopamine and serotonin levels, contributing to improved mood and well-being (2). Therefore, while there is no direct answer to “Do fertility massages work?” combining fertility massages with other healthy lifestyle habits can help increase the chances of conceiving.
Benefits of Fertility Massage
Regularly receiving fertility or womb massages can provide you with many benefits including the following:
1. Hormonal Balance
Massaging regularly can improve blood flow to the organs and deliver the hormones present in the blood to the required destination. This is very important in many cases such as lengthening your cycle, ovulation and thickening the endometrial lining in the womb. Promoting liver function and detoxifying the body can help you get rid of any excess estrogen, preventing estrogen dominance in the body. Fertility massage is also thought to release feel-good hormones like oxytocin (3).
2. Oxygenated Blood
When you increase the blood flow in the body and improve circulation, more oxygenated blood will get to the tissues. Every cell in the body requires oxygenated blood to stay healthy. Moreover, in the pelvic bowl, this can increase good egg quality. Oxygenated blood supply to the womb is required for a successful egg transfer during IVF (4). It is also essential for the endometrial lining to support the implantation of the egg, to help the sperm get into the right place, and optimise the quality of cervical mucous to provide the egg with a healthy environment.
3. Removes Stagnation
Good circulation can not only help in getting good flow in but it also helps improve lymph and blood flow out. This can improve the environment of the tissues since it helps remove the natural cellular waste in the body. Fertility massages can help the womb clear out all the old blood that is stuck inside it after menstruation. This is the brown blood usually seen at the end and beginning of a period, and this usually occurs when the womb is tilted sideways, backward, or forwards. Old blood getting stuck inside is not good since it locally creates toxins and become a contributing factor to intense period pain. Another reason why old blood gets stuck inside could be because the womb is having a hard time contracting and shedding, perhaps due to poor circulation.
4. Scar Tissue
Fertility massages can help break down adhesions and scar tissues that are associated with hysterectomy, caesareans, pelvic issues, blocked fallopian tubes and abdominal surgery. This will also help promote good circulation from and to all the abdominal organs (5).
5. Reduces Pain
Helping the body get rid of the stagnant fluid and old blood can help reduce period pain and increase the health of the womb. The massage will enhance gut motility, aiding the detoxification of the body through regular bowel movements. Since the colon is very close to the reproductive system, it can have a huge impact on the womb’s heath. For example, toxins that are caused by constipation can build up in the area and have a negative impact on the health of the reproductive system. This could also create an environment that can cause pain. Therefore, massaging the area can promote the release of natural painkillers – endorphins (6).
Types of Fertility Massages
There are so many types of fertility massages people use these days. You could even use one of these or two or more of these in combination to increase the chances of conception. However, a few of these massages should only be done by a qualified therapist who has mastered them. A few of the most popular fertility massage techniques are:
1. Deep Tissue Massage
Also known as the Wurn technique (named after the founders), this type of massage therapy is used to clear pelvic adhesions that are usually known for affecting the normal functioning of the fallopian tubes- one of the common causes of infertility. These adhesions are usually caused due to pelvic scarring that happens after surgeries and infections (7). Another form of this technique is the Maya abdominal massage which has been used for centuries in Central America by native healers. Both these massage techniques can be safely combined with other popular techniques and used to improve reproductive disorders.
2. Chi Nei Tsang (CNT)
The Chi Nei Tsang, also known as the ROM (Reproductive Organ Massage), is a form of Eastern medicine to help induce calmness and become relaxed while simultaneously balancing and cleansing the body. The Chi Nei Tsang involves the massage of various internal organs like the stomach, spleen, heart, liver and kidneys, along with reproductive organs like the uterus, ovaries, and uterine tubes. The technique will enhance blood flow in the body and help it recover from tension and stress, restoring the vitality of the organs and improving the chances of conception. This massage technique can be used with other therapies like herbal treatments, acupuncture, and dietary changes.
3. Acupressure
This type of massage therapy is mostly based on the principles of acupuncture. Practitioners of this ancient Chinese system of healing believe that there is a life force or energy called the ‘qi’, which constantly flows through the body along certain pathways called the ‘meridians’. These pathways correspond to various organs in the body but if the flow gets disrupted, then it affects the respective organs and causes sickness. In order to remove the blockages and restore the flow of energy, an acupuncture therapist will apply pressures at different points along the pathways, bringing back balance in the affected organs. This technique can help with infertility and problems related to menstruation.
4. Swedish Massage
This is one of the most popular types of massage techniques and it involves a lighter touch, known for being relaxing. For women who are under a lot of stress during the conception process, this massage technique can help melt the tension away (8).
5. Myofascial Release
The Myofascial Release therapy includes massaging the connective tissues between the internal organs and the muscles. The technique is not only used to treat fertility issues but it can also be used to improve various other conditions like chronic fatigue, chronic back pain, osteoarthritis, and fibromyalgia (9).
6. Reflexology
Reflexology is a technique that uses pressure applied to certain points on the hands and the feet to stimulate the natural healing mechanisms of the body. Though the technique originated in ancient Egypt, it is still used today in many parts of the world to treat various problems including infertility and hormonal imbalances and can be combined with other techniques (10).
7. Abdominal Massage
A lot of therapists focus on the abdomen because they believe that tension gets filled in there, and massaging the abdomen can boost conception efforts. When you are trying to conceive, the abdomen part of your body can be a bit sensitive but keep in mind that massaging there should not be painful. Therefore, if you are doing it on your own or your therapist is doing the Mayan abdominal massage for fertility, be sure to decrease the pressure until it feels comfortable.
8. Shiatsu Massage
The Shiatsu Massage is another pressure-point technique that can be great for areas that correspond with the reproductive organs. It can also help promote deep relaxation.
Risks of Fertility Massages
It is important to know your limits when you do this treatment. If you feel excessive pain, then do not continue this treatment and immediately talk to your doctor. Perform these massages at proper times. Do not try them while you are menstruating, since it may interfere with the body’s natural process. Fertility massages can increase the risk of miscarriage so if you feel like you may be pregnant, stop doing this technique (5).
When to Avoid Fertility Massages?
Fertility massages should not be done during the following situations:
If you may be pregnant or are pregnant.
In every month, the time right after ovulation is not the best time for fertility massages, since it may affect the next period
If you feel pain when massaging. This could be because of some medical condition, and massaging may make it worse.
During menstruation
If you are lactating
How to Do a Self-Massage at Home to Get Pregnant?
Here are three techniques you could try on your own at home:
1. Femoral Massage
These fertility massage steps involve massaging the adductor area or inner thighs.
Sit and gently grab your inner thigh muscles as much as you can, alternating with each hand, from the back to front.
The goal is to improve lymph and blood flow back to the reproductive organs and the lower abdomen.
2. Abdominal Massage
This is a popular type of massage you can easily do that home.
Lie on your back and slightly bend your knees. You can support yourself with a soft pillow.
Reach the left waistline of your body using your right hand and hook onto the side muscles. Drag your hand slowly across your midsection of the abdomen, alternating from the life side to the right. Repeat 9 times on each side. Remember to breathe during the process.
Now, place both your hands on the sides and, using pressure, move them towards the centre, gathering and pulling the sides together.
On either side of the navel at the centerline, press down and stroke the abdomen (follow through the palm) towards the pubic bone.
Your hands must move laterally along the inguinal line, getting back to the body’s side at the waistline.
Repeat the movement. Many people do this fertility massage with castor oil.
3. Inguinal (Groin) Massage
This is a very easy self-fertility massage.
Lie on your back and place your palms where your lower body (groin) and your legs meet. You may be able to feel the pulse known as the femoral pulse, and the intersection is called the femoral triangle.
Apply gentle pressure with the surface of your ring, middle, and index finger until the pulsing sensation feels stronger.
Hold it that way for around 15 seconds and release.
Things to Keep in Mind Before Trying Fertility Massages
Before you decide to try fertility massages, it’s important to consider a few things to ensure you’re making the right choice for your body and your fertility journey. Here are a few points to keep in mind:
1. Limited Research on Effectiveness
There isn’t enough solid research to definitively prove that fertility massages directly improve the chances of getting pregnant. While it may be helpful in certain cases, more research is needed to fully understand its impact on fertility.
2. Focus on Overall Well-Being
Fertility massage can be a great addition to your routine for reducing stress and promoting relaxation, but it shouldn’t be relied upon as the sole treatment for infertility. Combining it with a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, and regular medical guidance can increase your chances of success.
3. Consult With Your Doctor
Before starting fertility massage therapy, it’s always a good idea to speak with your doctor, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or are undergoing fertility treatments.
FAQs
1. When can I do a fertility massage?
In cases of natural conception, a fertility massage for men and women can be done up to the day before Reflexology. In cases of other methods like intrauterine insemination, in-vitro fertilisation, and zygote intra-fallopian transfer, fertility massage sessions can be done up to the day of sperm donation for males and insemination for females.
2. Can fertility massages help issues like Endometriosis, PCOS, Blocked Tubes and Fibroids?
Fertility massage therapy is believed to treat issues like endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), blocked fallopian tubes, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and many other conditions that are reasons for low fertility in women.
3. How often should I get a fertility massage?
The frequency of fertility massage depends on your personal goals and health. Many practitioners recommend once a week, especially during the first few months, to support relaxation and hormonal balance. However, it’s important to listen to your body and consult with a professional to find the right schedule.
Infertility is a complicated issue. Therefore, if you have been trying to conceive for so many months but keep getting only negative results, it might be time to talk to your doctor about fertility massages, infertility treatments, and what your next steps should be.
References/Resources:
1. PubMed Central – Fertility Massage: an Unethical Practice?
2. PubMed – Cortisol decreases and serotonin and dopamine increase following massage therapy
3. Harvard Health Publishing – Oxytocin: The love hormone
4. PubMed Central – Uterine artery Doppler and endometrial blood flow in frozen embryo transfer: A cohort study
5. BiolReprod – Massage techniques
6. Alice Peck Day Memorial Hospital – Top 10 Benefits of Massage Therapy
7. PubMed Central – Manual Physical Therapy for Non-Surgical Treatment of Adhesion-Related Small Bowel Obstructions: Two Case Reports
8. PubMed – Swedish Massage: A Systematic Review of its Physical and Psychological Benefits
9. Cleveland Clinic – Myofascial Release Therapy
10. Cleveland Clinic – Reflexology: What It Is, and Does It Work?
Also Read:
Acupressure Therapy to Boost Fertility
Ways to Boost Fertility After a Miscarriage
Home Remedies to Increase Fertility in Men and Women
Fertility Supplements That May Help You Conceive
Read more
An Unforgettable Journey – From PCOD to Motherhood
Motherhood is a blessing that most female eagerly waits for. But sometimes it is just a dream which is far from reality for a few females.
PCOD/PCOS is becoming common nowadays and is happening to every 1 in 5 girls. It is such an issue, and if it is not addressed at the right time, then this could lead to infertility.
I was diagnosed with PCOD after a couple of months of my marriage in the year 2017. Our world suddenly turned upside down when I learned about this disorder. I consulted many doctors in Delhi but all in vain. They all suggested that I must get an IVF, and were least interested in treating the condition.
My husband and I were not in favour of this and started looking for another doctor. Luckily, we found one who not only cured the disorder but assured us that we would conceive naturally.
After two long years of medications, the day I had been waiting for finally arrived, and the doctor said that I had been cured completely of PCOD. These words were sheer poetry to my ears. That day was the beginning of good days in our lives.
Months passed and out of nowhere, I realised that I had missed my period. I then checked and found the result to be “positive”.
We were over the moon after getting to know that we are pregnant!! Nothing in the world can be compared to the joy and happiness of having able to carry a baby within you.
I felt blessed that I could experience this beautiful phase of motherhood.
The start was rough, but the ending was just amazing. We welcomed our angel on 04 Jan 2020. Soon she will be turning a year old. This journey of the first year has been wonderful. I wish all the luck to all those who are expecting and those who are planning. Those who have welcomed their kids, good luck to them as well.
STAY SAFE!!
Disclaimer: The views, opinions and positions (including content in any form) expressed within this post are those of the author alone. The accuracy, completeness and validity of any statements made within this article are not guaranteed. We accept no liability for any errors, omissions or representations. The responsibility for intellectual property rights of this content rests with the author and any liability with regards to infringement of intellectual property rights remains with him/her.
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My Story of False Diagnosis of Missed Miscarriage (Absent Heartbeat)
I want to share the story of my pregnancy that was declared a missed miscarriage, but now I am the proud mother of a 9-month-old. Maybe my story will give people hope, if they suffer from the same.
During the 4th week of my pregnancy, I did a beta hCG. Being a doctor, I preferred a more accurate method than a home pregnancy test. Also my curiosity made us do a beta hcg. It was 186 – a confirmed pregnancy! As we had done IUI, I was pretty sure about my dates. I made a call to my gynaecologist, and scheduled an appointment for the 5th week.
We went for the check-up at the scheduled time. The doctor did a vaginal sonography. He could not find a gestational sac. So, he asked us to do a repeat hCG. It came to 1500. hCG is a marker of a healthy pregnancy. During a very early pregnancy, if it is getting doubled in 48 days, then the pregnancy is healthy.
We went for a checkup again after 3 days. Again, he performed a vaginal scan, and could not find a sac. He suspected a tubal pregnancy, and suggested surgery. My husband and I were not convinced, so we thought of doing sonograms with a radiologist.
We went to a radiologist the very next day, and by God’s grace, there was a sac. There was no implantation in the tubes. I was very happy. But, happiness does not last long. We had the next USG in 10 days, to check the viability of the pregnancy and to check the foetus heart beat. The day came, and we were very excited to see the tiny heart beating. But, we were shocked when the radiologist said that the baby did not have any cardiac activity (no heartbeat). I could not help crying.
We could not accept it. We went for a second opinion. That doctor asked for a hCG blood test again. She said if it’s increasing, then we can wait, but if not, we must do an abortion ASAP. The report gave us some hope, as the hCG level had increased. She prescribed me hCG 5000 injections once a week for 2 weeks, and to repeat use.
That was the longest 15 days of our life. I tried to be optimistic, but sometimes, I would burst into tears thinking that I might be carrying a dead foetus.
After a long wait, the day came. We went for a USG during the 8th week of pregnancy, with the least hope of a positive result. But, God had planned our happiness, which had no bar when the radiologist touched the probe on my abdomen, and there was a moving dot (heartbeat) on the screen. He said there was cardiac activity, and also it was a healthy pregnancy, though the dates were off by a week. That was not a thing to worry about for us at that moment, as we got what we never expected.
That tiny miracle is 9 months old now. If this happened with us, it could happen with you, too. So, please believe in your motherly instinct. Never lose hope till the end. The doctor too can be wrong. Always seek a 2nd opinion before aborting.
Disclaimer: The views, opinions and positions (including content in any form) expressed within this post are those of the author alone. The accuracy, completeness and validity of any statements made within this article are not guaranteed. We accept no liability for any errors, omissions or representations. The responsibility for intellectual property rights of this content rests with the author and any liability with regards to infringement of intellectual property rights remains with him/her.
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Trying to Welcome a New Member into Your World? Increase Your Chances of Getting Pregnant!
Hi Beautiful,
If you are reading this post, I am sure you are trying to conceive or planning for it in the near future. Let me make it very clear that you have done a lot more difficult tasks than this in your life till date. It is not some rocket science that you won’t be able to handle this one! You just need to understand that your body is different, and it acts differently when it comes to conceiving.
You will find a lot of tracking apps nowadays which help you track your period, ovulation, etc. So the first thing I would ask you is not to rely too much on these apps. Have you ever thought that when these apps were not there (like the sweet times when our parents were planning for kids), how were things happening? Conceiving is a natural process.
First thing you should do is follow a proper and healthy diet, and when I say this, it is applicable to you and your partner both. These are old myths that only the woman needs to follow diet plans for a healthy kid. More importantly, it is your partner who needs to follow a daily routine of diet and exercise before you even conceive. I am not saying that you should not follow any apps for tracking, you should, but if I am not wrong, then these apps show some 2-3 days which are most fertile for you to try to get pregnant.
But if this was the case, then why on earth are women worried about conceiving. It is very natural that on those 2-3 fertile days you might come late from work, might have guests around or one of you is not well or some other reason. So, practically it’s not possible that you can always try around those lucky days, and hence the cycle goes on for months and months, and you still don’t get the expected results.
So the best and natural way to get you lucky is to wait till your spotting gets clear (after your period ends) and start trying till there are 3-4 days (1 week to be safer) for your next period to start. This gives you a total of two weeks to try! Isn’t that great as compared to 2-3 days per month? Of course, you need not try daily. Most gynaecologists suggest you try on alternate days, so you can do that if you want. Or else, you can try whenever you feel within these two weeks and parallely track your fertile days on your preferred app so that you are free and relaxed on those days and increase your chance of getting lucky!
I hope this article has helped you guys. Feel free to respond back in case you have any queries or to just suggest your inputs on the same.
Disclaimer: The views, opinions and positions (including content in any form) expressed within this post are those of the author alone. The accuracy, completeness and validity of any statements made within this article are not guaranteed. We accept no liability for any errors, omissions or representations. The responsibility for intellectual property rights of this content rests with the author and any liability with regards to infringement of intellectual property rights remains with him/her.
Read more
Trying to Welcome a New Member Into the World? Increase Your Chances to Get Lucky!
Hi beautiful, so if you are reading this post I am sure you are trying to conceive or planning for it in the near future. Let me make it very clear that you have done a lot more difficult tasks than this in your life till date. So it is not some rocket science that you won’t be able to handle this one! You just need to understand that everybody is different and it is different when it comes to conceiving.
You will find a lot of tracking apps nowadays which helps you track your period, ovulation, etc. So the first thing I would ask you is not to rely too much on these apps. Have you ever thought that when these apps were not there out (like the sweet times when our parents were planning for kids) how were things happening? Conceiving is a natural process.
First thing you should do is follow a proper and healthy diet and when I say this it is applicable to both you and your partner. These are old myths that only the girl needs to follow diet plans for a healthy kid. More importantly, it is your partner who needs to follow a daily routine of diet and exercise before you even conceive. I am not saying that you should not follow any apps for tracking, you should, but if I am not wrong, then these apps show some 2-3 days which are most fertile for you to try to get pregnant. But if this was the case then why are women worried about conceiving? It is very natural that on these 2-3 fertile days you might come late from work, might have guests around or one of you is not well or some other reason. So, practically it’s not possible that you can always try around those lucky days and hence the cycle goes on for months and months and you still don’t get the expected results.
So the best and natural way to get lucky is to wait till your spotting gets clear (after your period ends) and start trying till there are 3-4 days (1 week to be safer) for your next period to start. So this gives you a total of 2 weeks to try! Isn’t that great as compared to 2-3 days per month? Of course, you need not try daily. Most gynaecologists suggest you try on alternate days, so you can do that if you want or else you can try whenever you feel like within these 2 weeks and simultaneously track your fertile days on your choice of app so that you are free and relaxed on those days and increase your chances of getting lucky!
Hope this article has helped you. Feel free to respond back in case you have any queries or to just suggest your inputs on the same.
Disclaimer: The views, opinions and positions (including content in any form) expressed within this post are those of the author alone. The accuracy, completeness and validity of any statements made within this article are not guaranteed. We accept no liability for any errors, omissions or representations. The responsibility for intellectual property rights of this content rests with the author and any liability with regards to infringement of intellectual property rights remains with him/her.
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Freezing Sperm for Future Fertility – Procedure and Risks Involved
Sperm freezing as it sounds like is a process where healthy sperm is frozen, stored in a cryo state and thawed later for use. It is commonly a procedure recommended for men who are undergoing treatments or undertaking tasks that could put their fertility at risk. Sperm freezing is also gaining popularity with men who are choosing to have children at older ages. So what is sperm freezing and should you consider it? Continue reading for all you need to know.
What’s Sperm Freezing?
Sperm freezing involves the process of collection, analysis and cryopreservation where healthy sperm cells from a man are stored at extremely low temperatures for use at a later date when he wishes to have a child. They are used in fertility treatments or also the purpose of donation to other individuals or couples. Unlike the process of freezing a woman’s eggs or embryos, sperm freezing is relatively quick and easy while also being inexpensive.
Who All Are Suggested to Freeze Sperm
Technically sperm preservation is recommended for all men who are looking to use it as insurance for future fertility. Since life conditions are unpredictable, many couples freeze sperm to get pregnant and have a child at a later point. It also applies to single men who are uncertain about having children but wish to have a second option in the long run. There are several reasons why this is a good idea. As men get older, their sperm quality decreases and so does their chances of conceiving. Also, men over the age of 45 risk passing on genetic mutations accumulated over the years that lead to birth defects and other cognitive disorders. Another reason that is thought to affect the sperm quality is the lowered testosterone levels in older men. All these factors make sperm freezing strong case for men looking forward to future fertility.
On the other hand, freezing sperm before vasectomy or other procedures for cancer treatment are a common application of the procedure. Since vasectomies cannot be reversed in a few cases and chemotherapy can affect fertility, they are encouraged to freeze sperm. Men with lower sperm count who are participating in IVF treatments also benefit from freezing sperm. Finally, sperm freezing is also recommended for teenagers who have reached puberty and have been diagnosed with cancer.
Benefits of Sperm Freezing
Here are the number of ways in which men who freeze sperm can benefit from it:
1. Cancer Treatment
Cancer treatment with radiation is known to lower the fertility of people and even affect the genetic material during the whole course of treatment. Post-treatment there is no guarantee that he will continue to have healthy sperm production as it could sometimes irreparably damage the ability to produce sperm. So those who wish to have children in the future will have to freeze sperm before the treatment begins.
2. Surgery on the prostate gland or testicles
Surgery on the testicles or prostate glands comes with a risk. There’s a chance that the production of sperm or its delivery might get affected therefore it is recommended to freeze sperm before the procedure. If the surgery causes conditions like obstructive azoospermia, it would need additional surgery to fix the damage or even extract sperm. In such cases freezing sperm sample can be insured as well as a cost-effective method.
3. Pre-vasectomy sperm freezing
While it seems counterintuitive that men who are going for a procedure that would render them incapable of impregnating women would freeze sperm, it is a popular option. Men opt for vasectomies for a number of reasons and not all have given up on having children. Some freeze sperm in case they change their mind or they would want to have children precisely at a certain point in life. Although vasectomy is reversible, it is not always successful so freezing sperm is a safety net.
4. High-risk environment occupations
There are few professions where there is a risk of physical injury to the reproductive systems. Military personnel and firefighters are often in high-risk environments that come with irreversible physical injury. Technicians working in the nuclear sector are sometimes exposed to radiation in accidents that can render them sterile, the same applies to X-ray technicians.
5. Transgender undergoing Male to Female transition
Individuals who are undergoing hormone therapy or taking up gender reassignment surgery will lose their ability to conceive when they go from male to female. Such people can freeze sperm to have a chance at having children in the future with a partner who is female through IVF.
6. Advanced paternal age
Similar to women who freeze their eggs to pursue a career or other life goals, men lately are also freezing their sperm to have children at an advanced age. It is seen that the fertility of men also declines with age and it is a good option to have healthier sperm from their youth to have a child.
Why Sperm Freezing Is Suggested Before IVF Treatments
IVF treatment involves extracting the egg from the woman and the sperm from the man and the quantity of the sperm is important for a successful procedure. Therefore men who have low sperm counts are suggested to freeze sperms so that in the event there is no viable sperm in their fresh ejaculate on the egg retrieval day, the frozen sperm can be thawed and used.
Where Can You Freeze Your Sperm?
Sperm is stored in a special cryogenic facility called a sperm bank. Fertility clinics generally have a sperm bank in their facility. There are also home banking kits on the market that allows for some comfort. If the person is unable to make it to the sperm bank they can use the home sperm banking kit to collect sperm in the comfort and privacy of their homes and ship it to the laboratory immediately for testing and freezing.
Sperm Freezing Process
Before the process can begin there is some paperwork to be filled which contains a questionnaire. Once through that, the process of how to freeze sperm begins with the collection of sperm. Since it is highly personal, privacy is the first step in getting the person comfortable. After all their questions regarding the process are complete they will be given a cup and directed to a private collection room. Sperm extraction is done through masturbation and the individual can go alone or with a partner such as his wife. The semen has to be ejaculated into a sterile cup and care should be taken not to contaminate the sample.
The person is asked to abstain for 2-3 days before the semen collection to maximize the chances. If he is unable to ejaculate, a surgical removal method is used to extract sperm directly from the testicles. The process is recommended to be performed in the lab as the semen is fresh and at its maximum fertility. For any other reasons, if the person prefers to collect it at home, the clinics would offer a special condom and a lubricant that doesn’t damage the sample. It should be brought to the lab as soon as possible for analysis. Once it is screened for STDs, the sample is split into multiple vials and frozen with the help of a cryoprotectant to preserve the cells.
Which Men Are Suggested Not to Freeze Their Sperm
Men who are undergoing chemotherapy are suggested not to freeze sperm as the chemo affects the DNA of the sperm cells.
Are There Any Risks Involved in Freezing Sperm?
There are no risks to the men in freezing sperm. The freeze sperm fertility is the same as normal healthy sperm and the risk of genetic defects is the same as in normal conception. On an average sperm freezing success rate is about 50%.
What Is the Process at the Sperm Bank to Provide a Sperm?
Sperm is generally collected through masturbation in a private collection room at the sperm bank. The fresh ejaculate from the sterile collection cup is analyzed for the quantity of the sperm cells, shape and movement to assess viability. If the person is unable to ejaculate, surgical methods are used to extract sperm directly from the testicles.
How Much Does Sperm Freezing Cost?
The cost varies based on consultation, testing and annual storage costs. Generally, it costs about $786 to cryopreserve a single ejaculate. The storage costs for the specimen every year can be around $260 or higher.
How Long Can You Freeze Sperm?
Frozen sperm can be stored indefinitely and remain viable. There have been many instances of healthy babies born out of sperm that was two decades in storage. The technology has been around since 1953 and has seen significant advancement in recent times.
Freezing sperm is a viable option for all men contemplating future fertility. The technology has advanced enough to successfully collect and preserve healthy sperm that can be used decades ahead.
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50 Uplifting Infertility Quotes for Tough Times
The journey to parenthood can be full of challenges and for some couples, these challenges can start right from the moment when they consider planning for a baby. A couple who is trying to get pregnant for a while now but not getting the good news may wonder what’s wrong with them. One of the reasons for not being able to conceive could be infertility, but there’s no need to lose hope. There are various treatments available that could help one get pregnant and bring their bundle of joy in their lives. And here’s something for you that will inspire you to stay strong while you try to get pregnant. We bring you positive infertility quotes that will help you stay strong on this hard journey.
Inspirational Quotes About Infertility
This collection of infertility motivational quotes will help you and your partner stay positive throughout the journey! You will learn, through these motivational quotes for infertility that hope is everything.
1. “You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.” — Margaret Thatcher
2. “Courage doesn’t always roar. Sometimes courage is the little voice at the end of the day that says I’ll try again tomorrow.” — Mary Anne Radmacher
3. “I am learning to trust the journey even when I do not understand it.” — Mila Bron
4. “Doubt kills more dreams than failure ever will.” — Suzy Kassem
5. “Hope is the thing with feathers – That perches in the soul – And sings the tune without the words –And never stops – at all.” — Emily Dickinson
6. “I was taught the way of progress is neither swift nor easy.” — Marie Curie
7. “Life is tough, my darling, but so are you.” — Stephanie Bennett-Henry
8. “And you begin again and sometimes you lose, sometimes you win, but you begin again. Even though your heart is breaking, in time the sun will shine and you will begin again.” — Barry Manilow
9. “A strong woman looks a challenge dead in the eye and gives it a wink.” — Gina Carey
10. “Above all, be the heroine of your life, not the victim.” — Nora Ephron
11. “Not everyone will understand your journey. That’s fine. It’s not their journey to make sense of. It’s yours.” ― Zero Dean
12. “People cry not because they’re weak but because they’ve been strong for too long” — Johnny Depp
13. “Just because your path is different doesn’t mean you’re lost.” — Gerard Abrams
14. “You always pass failure on your way to success.” — Mickey Rooney
15. “You never know how strong you are until being strong is your only choice.” — Bob Marley
Hopeful Quotes on Infertility
When the journey feels long and uncertain, hope can be the light that gets you through. These fertility quotes are gentle reminders to keep believing, even on the hardest days.
1. “People talk about the miracle of birth. No. There’s the miracle of conception. I did IVF, but nothing happened. So I began to think of adoption, and then I got pregnant. It was definitely a miracle.” —Iman
2. “It always seems impossible until it’s done.” — Nelson Mandela
3. “Let your hopes, not your hurts, shape your future.” — Robert H. Schuller
4. “Never confuse a single defeat with a final defeat.” — F. Scott Fitzgerald
5. “Love recognises no barriers. It jumps hurdles, leaps fences, penetrates walls to arrive at its destination full of hope.” — Maya Angelou
6. “Hope is the only thing stronger than fear.” — Robert Ludlum
7. “Faith is taking the first step, even when you don’t see the whole staircase.” — Martin Luther King, Jr.
8. “No matter how your heart is grieving, if you keep on believing, the dream that you wish will come true.” — Cinderella
9. “Hang on to your hat. Hang on to your hope. And wind the clock, for tomorrow is another day.” — E.B. White
10. “Hope is being able to see that there is light despite all of the darkness.” — Desmond Tutu
Infertility Quotes About the Desire to Have a Baby
The longing to hold a baby in your arms can be overwhelming. These quotes for infertility speak to that deep desire and the love you already carry in your heart for the child you’re dreaming of.
1. “However motherhood comes to you, it’s a miracle.” — Valerie Harper
2. “Infertility is this huge emotional roller coaster. If you want in your heart more than anything to have a baby, it’s the hardest thing you will ever go through physically, emotionally, and financially.” — Cindy Margolis
3. “Oh, what a power is motherhood, possessing a potent spell. All women alike fight fiercely for a child.” — Euripides
4. “Parenting begins the moment you make any conscious effort to care for your own health in preparation for enhancing your child’s conception.” — Carista Luminare-Rosen
5. “Even miracles take a little time.” — Fairy Godmother, Cinderella
6. “There is purpose in your season of waiting.” — Megan Smalley
7. “As long as we are persistent in our pursuit of our deepest destiny, we will continue to grow. We cannot choose the day or time when we will fully bloom. It happens on its own.” — Denis Waitley
8. “A goal without a plan is just a wish.” — Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
9. “Whatever the struggle, continue the climb. It may be only one step to the summit.” — Diane Westlake
10. “Believe me, the reward is not so great without the struggle.” — Wilma Rudolph
Infertility Quotes for Those Struggling to Conceive
Trying to conceive without success can be an emotional rollercoaster. These quotes are for the moments when you need to feel seen, understood, and supported.
1. “After a while, when you’re not successful, you start to associate the word ‘failure’ every time you pee on a stick and it doesn’t come out the right colour. What starts out as a dream becomes a project that’s all-consuming — everywhere you look, women are pregnant, and every song on the radio seems like it’s all about being pregnant! It becomes a very frustrating, frightening place.” — Brooke Shields (Down Came the Rain)
2. “Going through years-long infertility struggles is not for the faint of heart. It can either make or break your marital relationship. Make the determined commitment that no matter what happens, you and your husband were…and are a couple first.” — Cheryl
3. “Infertility often comes with grief and loss. You have to let go of the vision of how long the journey will be and learn to flow and become stronger through the process.” — Halle Tecco
4. “I found that each time a test was negative, it stopped the dreaming and hoping for a while. Taking the test was a way of puncturing the balloons of hope because if I didn’t, they would lift and lift without any evidence, and their falling back down every month was too painful. Essentially, I took all these tests to keep myself from hoping, because the hoping was breaking my heart.” — Shauna Niequist (Bread and Wine: A Love Letter to Life Around the Table with Recipes)
5. “I learned that all pain and loss is, in fact, a gift. Having miscarriages taught me that I had to mother myself before I could be a mother to someone else.” — Beyonce
6. “The English language lacks the words to mourn an absence. For the loss of a parent, grandparent, spouse, child or friend, we have all manner of words and phrases, some helpful, some not. Still, we are conditioned to say something, even if it is only “I’m sorry for your loss.” But for an absence, for someone who was never there at all, we are wordless to capture that particular emptiness. For those who deeply want children and are denied them, those missing babies hover like silent ephemeral shadows over their lives. Who can describe the feel of a tiny hand that is never held?” — Laura Bush
7. “Anyone that’s been in the place of wanting another child or wanting a child knows the disappointment, the pain, and the loss that you go through trying and struggling with fertility.” — Nicole Kidman
8. “The life an infertile person seeks comes to her not by accident and not by fate but by hard-fought choices. How to put together the portfolio of photographs. How to answer at the home study.” — Belle Boggs
9. “For those who deeply want children and are denied them, those missing babies hover like silent ephemeral shadows over their lives. Who can describe the feel of a tiny hand that is never held?” — Laura Bush, Spoken From The Heart
10. “It is one thing, I was discovering, to think, “Maybe I won’t have kids” and quite another to be told, “Maybe you can’t.” This is how impatience turns to desperation.” — Peggy Orenstein
11. “They don’t get the particular nature of this grief, how it’s less about the loss of a potential child than it is about the endless possibility that there may yet be an actual child.” — Alexandra Kimball
12. “Women often endure infertility, pregnancy, infant loss, miscarriages and stillbirths in isolation, because while sadness is a socially palatable response to these often life-altering events, rage, frustration, jealousy and guilt are not.” — Soraya Chemaly
13. “The world was selfish, unjust. How could so many undeserving people be given the opportunity to raise children they didn’t even want while so many worthy individuals didn’t get the chance?” — Brittainy C.
14. “Is there anyone dearer than the children of people you love, especially when you don’t have your own?” — Lisa Unger
15. “There’s a unique pain that comes from preparing a place in your heart for a child that never comes.” — David Platt
FAQs
1. How can I emotionally cope with infertility?
Infertility can bring grief, isolation, and anxiety. Seeking support from a therapist, joining a support group, journaling, or simply talking with loved ones can help. Give yourself permission to grieve, feel, and rest.
2. Can reading inspirational quotes really help my mindset?
Yes. While they’re not a solution to infertility, uplifting quotes can shift your focus, bring emotional relief, and give you something positive to hold onto, especially on the days that feel heavier than others.
Your journey to parenthood might be full of challenges, but do not lose hope. The moment you feel low, read these quotes to fill positivity in you. On your fertility journey, it is important to realise that hope is everything. There’s a thin line between giving up and pressing forward to reaching your goal. Keep your hope alive through this list of inspirational infertility quotes, and take good care of your health, eat nutritious food, and exercise regularly, and soon you will have your little one who will bring happiness in your lives!
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Can Chlamydia Cause Infertility in Men and Women?
Sexually transmitted diseases or STDs may sometimes impact your fertility and chlamydia is one such STD that may sometimes affect male and female fertility! However, can chlamydia cause infertility problems and affect your chances of getting pregnant or the possibility of having a baby, well, read on the following post to know more about this condition, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and other associated aspects!s
What is Chlamydia?
Chlamydia is one of the most common STDs and this ailment can aptly be called a silent killer because it does not show any outward or evident symptoms. Chlamydia is caused by a bacterium known as Chlamydia Trachomatis. This bacteria may get transferred during unprotected sex without the use of condoms. People infected with the condition may not know for weeks, months or even years, that they are infected with the condition and may infect others too. This disease infects approximately 3 million people every year with the higher per cent found in the age group of 18 to 24 years of sexually active adults.
Causes of Chlamydia
Chlamydia transmits through the bodily fluids of an infected person through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. The bacterium enters the body through the cervix, urethra, rectum, or throat. Men who are infected can acquire and transmit the infection even without ejaculating.
A pregnant woman who has chlamydia may infect her baby during the vaginal birth. The baby infection may have pneumonia (infection in the lungs) or conjunctivitis (infection in the eyes), as a result.
Can Chlamydia Lead to Infertility in Men and Women?
Sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia that are caused by pathogenic bacteria may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease. Under such a condition, bacteria may enter the reproductive tract, fallopian tubes, or uterus, leading to inflammation and scarring. This, in turn, may lead to chronic pain, ectopic pregnancy, or also increase the chances of being infertile. If a woman is suffering from chlamydia, she is at a high risk of developing HIV too. However, chlamydia may not lead to such severe complications in men.
Symptoms of Chlamydia
The strangest fact is that there are not any evident signs and symptoms of this condition and this can be a cause of concern because you may have it and not even know about it. Approximately 70 per cent of women and 50 per cent of men suffering from chlamydia may not show any symptoms. However, those who experience may often mistake it for infection in the cervix or urethra. Here are some signs of this condition:
Experiencing pain during sexual intercourse.
Experiencing pain or a burning sensation while urinating.
Abnormal or strong-smelling vaginal discharge.
Experiencing pain in the lower belly.
Watery or milky discharge from the penis.
Experiencing bleeding between periods.
Discharge, pain or even bleeding from the anus.
Experiencing tenderness or swelling in the testicles.
Long Terms Effects of Chlamydia in Men and Women
Following are some long-term effects of this condition in men and women:
In Men
Here are some of the long-term effects of chlamydia on men:
Chlamydia can lead to pelvic pain and infertility.
It can cause epididymitis, a condition that is characterised by inflammation in the epididymis, which is a tube that carries the sperm.
In Women
Some of the long-term effects of chlamydia include the following:
It can lead to ectopic pregnancy, a condition where the embryo develops outside inside of inside the womb.
It can cause inflammation in the cervix, also known as cervicitis.
It can cause pelvic inflammatory disease or PID.
It can cause blockage in the Bartholin glands, which helps in lubricating the vagina.
Who is at a Higher Risk?
Well, it is established from the above section that chlamydia can have long effects on both women as well as men. However, this condition is more prevalent in younger women, who are under the age of 25 years. Also, women who are on oral contraceptive pills, coil, implants, or other such methods of contraception other than condoms, are at an increased risk.
It is very difficult to establish the symptoms of this disease, which means if you have it then you can easily spread it to the person you have sex with. The risk is highest in people with more than one sexual partner, incorrect or inconsistent use of condoms, or who have a history of any kind of sexual disease.
Also, in women who have a condition where the cervical cells are on the outside, also known as cervical ectropion, there is an increased risk of catching infections like chlamydia.
How Long Does it Take for Chlamydia to Cause Infertility in Males and Females?
Women who get infected with this condition may be affected with a PID or pelvic inflammatory disease (may happen in 10 to 40 percent cases). PID is a condition that can scar the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and womb of the infected woman and if the condition has been there for long then it may lead to scarring and blockage in the fallopian tubes. If such a condition occurs in men, then it may hamper the sperm to get to the egg. This means that if this condition develops in PID, it may lead to infertility.
Chlamydia may affect male fertility also a great deal by affecting the quality of the sperm and also by reducing the sperm count. This condition also increases the chances of infection in the tube that carries sperms, which is also known as epididymitis. This may lead to scarring in the male reproductive parts and, thus, leads to infertility. However, there are no definitive parameters to establish a chlamydia infertility timeline. In simple words, it is difficult to establish how long will it take for this condition to cause infertility is not clearly known. If you are wondering how to know if chlamydia has caused infertility, it mainly depends on the extent of infection and it helps in determining whether or not it may lead to infertility. Therefore, in order to be safe, it is better to treat it as soon as you establish any signs or symptoms of the disease.
Again, just because you have chlamydia for a really long time does not necessarily mean that you are infertile or if you are thinking that chlamydia can make you infertile forever, that may not be the case. This is because there are many men and women who have this condition but did not develop any severe complications.
Diagnosis
Chlamydia shows very mild symptoms which may sometimes go neglected or associated with other STD infections, therefore, the best way to confirm whether or not you have this condition is by getting a lab test done. Usually, your doctor will advise you to get yourself tested if you are sexually active and are of 25 years age or younger, you are a pregnant woman (and tested positive during the first prenatal visit) or you fall in the high-risk category of men and women (those who have multiple sexual partners, have had STD before, etc.). The testing or screening for this condition is fairly simple. Your doctor will ask to get your urine tested to check for any infection. A swab test can be conducted for antigen or culture tests of chlamydia.
If your test results are positive and you will be treated for the same, your doctor may recommend a re-test after three months to establish whether there are any traces of the infection or not.
Treatment
The treatment of this STD is very simple and a course of antibiotics can help treat the condition. Your doctor can prescribe a one-time dose or prescribe medicine that needs to be taken twice or thrice a day for a stipulated period of time. You will be advised against sexual intercourse during the course of treatment. Your sexual partner will also need to take medicines, even if they show no signs, or else the infection may keep transmitting back and forth.
The best way to keep this condition at bay is by practising safer sex and also by using condoms to reduce the chances of catching the infection. Make sure you get yourself regularly tested if you are sexually active.
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Getting PGS and PGD Before IVF Treatment
Genetic testing methods like PGS and PGS when combined with IVF treatment reduce the possibility of passing on genetic diseases to the child, risk of recurring miscarriages, and also improve the odds of getting pregnant.
Both these genetic screening technologies require IVF and are different in the way they are used. Both these treatments also differ in their methods of application. They do not guarantee a healthy birth but can be helpful for those couples trying to get pregnant without much success. You can decide if PGS/PGD with IVF is suited for your family. But before that, you must understand the procedure, its impact, costs and risks associated with each of these technologies. Read on to find out more in detail about these genetic testing methods that are being used by fertility doctors to help couples have a healthy pregnancy.
What Is Preimplantation Genetic Screening (PGS)?
Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) does not look for specific genes but the overall chromosomal makeup of the embryo. Embryos are classified into two types: euploidy and aneuploidy. Under normal circumstances, the egg and sperm both contribute 23 chromosomes each. Together, they create a healthy embryo with 46 chromosomes and this is what is called an aneuploid embryo.
In some cases, if an embryo happens to have an extra chromosome or misses one it is called aneuploidy. Aneuploidy embryos, in most cases, fail to implant or result in a miscarriage. In exceptional circumstances, it can result in pregnancy and birth, and the child born may be born with mental or physical disabilities. Down’s Syndrome is an example of an additional chromosome. PGS testing results can identify this prior to the embryo being transferred to the uterus. PGS can also determine the genetic gender of the embryo. Comprehensive Chromosome Screening (CCS) is a technique used in PGS that identifies whether the chromosome is XY ( male) or XX (female). This is done to avoid any particular gender-linked disorder or to balance family.
To Whom is PGS Recommended?
PGS is recommended to those parents who do not have a history of known genetic abnormalities. It is also recommended to patients who meet the below criteria:
Couples who wish to know the sex of the baby.
The female partner is over 38 years of age.
Couples who are interested in single embryo transfer.
Couples who have a history of miscarriages.
Couples who have a record of failed IVF treatment or implantation.
Reasons for Considering Preimplantation Genetic Screening
Listed below are a few common reasons why PGS may be used with infertility treatment.
It may improve the chances of success for a single embryo transfer.
With an elective single embryo transfer, doctors transfer just one healthy embryo through IVF. This improves the odds of pregnancy, reduces the risk of miscarriages and also the risk of multiple births, which can be a risk to the mother and babies.
2. To identify the gender of the baby.
PGS can help detect the gender of the baby and thereby reduce the risk of gender-based genetic diseases.
3. It may help lower the risk of miscarriage.
Miscarriage is common in 25% of pregnancies. Having recurrent miscarriages (three times in a row) is not a good sign. It could be detrimental to the mother’s health and also reduce the chances of getting pregnant. PGS helps to reduce the odds of having a miscarriage.
4. Increasing the chances of pregnancy through IVF
Fertility doctors recommend IVF to enhance the chances of getting pregnant especially where there is male infertility, repeated failed attempts of IVF implantation and women who are beyond maternal age. There are some clinics who offer PGS mandatorily with IVF to all patients.
PGS IVF Procedure
PGS testing for IVF is done in two methods. There are several methods to screen the presences of 24 chromosomes and it is called Comprehensive Chromosomal Screening ( CCS). The most common methods for CCS are Array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization ( aCGH) and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Both these methods are performed on several cells on an embryo that is 5-6 days old. In some cases, it is done on some cells on embryos that are 3 days old too. The steps involved are performed by experts and laboratories:
Embryos are produced with conventional IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and these fertilized embryos are cultured for 3-5 days.
Embryo biopsy is performed on the third or fifth day of development. On day 3, embryo biopsy involves removing one or two cells for testing.
Once the biopsy of cells is completed, it is placed in test tubes and transported on the same day to reference laboratories for analysis.
The cells are analysed to check for any inconsistencies.
The results of the analysis take about 24 hours, so the embryos have to be frozen by a method called vitrification.
Finally, the embryos are thawed. A single embryo with a normal PGS result is picked and the embryo is transferred back into the uterus in the subsequent IVF procedure.
Cost of PGS
Different clinics charge different rates for PGS treatment. The cost of PGS treatment is over and above the cost of IVF treatment. Typically, PGS treatment will cost about $3000 -$5000 in addition to the IVF treatment. Each clinic will differ in their charges depending on the number of embryos they test. Over and above, you may also need to pay for the frozen embryo transfer cycle too.
PGS Accuracy
The PGS normal embryo success rate in combination with IVF treatment depends on the result of the number of embryos produced in the IVF cycle. As per research, there is a 60%-80% chance of a live birth rate when the chosen frozen embryo is transferred in an IVF cycle. This data has a positive bearing on women who undergo PGS and IVF and are over maternal age, at risk of miscarriages and have had previous IVF failure. There is always a chance of no embryos being suitable for transfer to the womb for the following reasons:
Failure to produce enough eggs or less unfertilized eggs.
Damage to the embryos while removing the cells.
All the embryos are aneuploid.
What Is Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)?
PGD is more of a diagnosis. PGD is used to identify a specific disease or a set of genetic diseases in an embryo. This is to avoid passing on the genetic disease. There are times when both PGD and PGS are needed. It can also be done when a couple has a genetic disease and they do not want to pass it on to the child. PGD does not test one single embryo for all possible diseases. It tests for one specific disease and does not tell you any other possible genetic diseases that could be present. PGD is suited for anyone who knows they are at risk of passing a chromosome abnormality or genetic disease to the child. Through this process, the laboratory determines the embryos that are unaffected and suitable for uterine transfer. Couples opting for PGD also conduct genetic tests like amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling during pregnancy.
To Whom Is PGD Recommended?
PGD is recommended to couples who have a particular genetic tendency. It is done to ascertain the probability of passing on the abnormality. The following are those who could get it done:
Couple with a family history of aneuploidy (imbalance in a number of chromosomes) resulting in miscarriage, Down’s syndrome, and birth defects.
Families with single-gene defects like sickle cell, anaemia, muscular dystrophy, and cystic fibrosis.
Reasons Why Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Maybe Recommended
The possible reasons why a doctor may recommend PGD are:
To prevent the specific genetic disease from getting passed on to the baby.
The most common reason is to determine the likelihood of whether a genetic disease is likely to be passed on to the child.
2. To detect abnormalities in the embryos.
PGD is useful to detect abnormalities in chromosome numbers, translocations, hereditary cancer and genetic mutations.
For gender selection.
Many couples choose to use PGD to select the gender of their child.
PGD IVF Procedure
PGD is performed during the IVF procedure. Eggs are fertilized in a petri-dish and placed in a special incubator. Eggs grow for up to 5-7 days until they reach the size of hundred cells which is called a blastocyst. At this stage, doctors perform ‘trophectoderm biopsy’ by removing cells from the area which forms the placenta (cells developing into the foetus are not used in PGD). The embryo is held under a microscope using a pipette. A hole is created in the shell around the embryo using a laser and another pipette draws out a few cells away from the embryo. While doctors perform genetic testing on the extracted cells, the embryos are frozen. Doctors carry a genetic probe based on the genes of the parents and the disease they carry. This probe is then used on the biopsied cells to locate the embryos which have the disease, may carry it or are normal. Normal embryos are thawed and transferred to the uterus to complete the IVF procedure.
Cost of PGD
PGD costs about $3000-$5000 over the IVF treatment which costs $12,000.The PGD cost includes the fertility boosting medications and it increases the total cost of the treatment by a few thousand dollars. The costs vary according to the type of tests and the number of tests performed. Some insurance companies may cover the cost of the treatment.
PGD Accuracy
PGD is able to diagnose the presence of genetic defects and the accuracy is up to 98% in most cases. Post undergoing PGD, prenatal testing like amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) will be recommended to confirm the results of PGD diagnosis. The revelation of genetic defects prior to pregnancy reduces the risk of a foetus being affected significantly.
Difference Between Genetic Testing and PGD/PGS Testing
PGS and PGD testing take place during preimplantation. Prenatal testing is done when implantation has occurred and is done once pregnancy is established.
CVS and amniocentesis identify chromosomal abnormalities in the unborn foetus letting the couple decide whether they wish to terminate the pregnancy.
PGS and PGD are not final determinants of the existence of genetic defects. Doctors, very often, recommend prenatal testing in addition to PGS/PGD in case there is an error.
Risks Involved With PGS/PGD Testing
Any IVF treatment involving PGS and PGD comes with the associated risk of conventional IVF treatment. There are additional risks involved for those considering PGD/PGS:
Birth rates will not be similar to those of age-similar peers. The main reason being some embryos may not survive the process and some may come back with negative results.
Biopsy done on day 5 embryos carries the risk of identical twinning.
The chances of errors are more. Embryos tested as abnormal may be ‘normal’ and vice versa. This could result in healthy embryos being discarded.
If all the embryos test negative then there will be no transfer resulting in loss of money, time and mental trauma.
Vitrification and thawing can lead to the loss of healthy embryos.
A few healthy embryos may not stay alive until day 5, when the eggs are retrieved.
Conducting biopsy on day 3 of the embryos may lead to the embryos not developing.
PGD/PGS is not a guaranteed success. A child may still be born with genetic diseases which are why doctors recommend prenatal testing in addition to PGS/PGD for additional assurance.
Both PGS/PGD testing along with prenatal tests do not guarantee a baby with no physical or mental disability.
PGS aids in reducing the odds of a miscarriage but there is still an element of risk involved.
The wait for results and the need to make a decision about embryos that come with inconsistent results can be emotionally draining.
The technology is relatively new and we do not know what long-term effect PGS/PGD and IVF treatment can have on children post their birth.
Genetic screening tests have made families with genetic disorders or chromosomal translocations get a better chance of having a healthy baby. It has also helped the lives of doctors by helping them select healthy embryos. By reducing the chances of miscarriage and the chance of a healthier baby, these assistive technologies are helping the lives of many childless couples and bringing a ray of hope in their lives.
Also Read:
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Side-Effects and Risks of IVF
IUI vs IVF: Which One is Right for You?
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Azoospermia (No Sperm Count) – Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
If you and your partner are having unprotected sex for a while now (a year, to be precise) in order to conceive, and not getting the ‘good news’, chances are that you could be infertile. For a couple who is eager to have a baby, hearing that they are infertile can obviously be disheartening and intimidating. After trying to conceive for a year now, you may suspect that you could have infertility issues and may wonder what you should do next. The first thing that you need to know is that you’re not alone. Many couples face infertility issues and half of these cases can be attributed to male infertility, and one of the possible reasons for the same can be azoospermia.
In this article, we will tell you about this infertility condition that affects men, its types, causes, treatment, and more.
What Is Azoospermia?
Azoospermia is a male infertility condition where there is no sperm found in the ejaculate or the semen after the orgasm. Though it is a very rare condition, however, zero sperm count or azoospermia is a very severe form of infertility condition that may affect 1 in 10 men experiencing male infertility. Men who suffer from this condition have usually normal semen volumes or fluids and they may not be aware until or unless they get themselves tested. If your spouse has infertility issues, azoospermia could be a cause for the same. Nevertheless, there are treatment options available that may help him father your child.
Types of Azoospermia
The types of azoospermia can be classified in two ways. Either by determining at what juncture in the reproductive cycle the glitches occurred or has it occurred as a result of blockage or not. Well, if we talk about the reproductive cycle, azoospermia can be classified into three parts:
1. Pre-testicular azoospermia
If your spouse suffers from this condition, it means that the testicles are normal but his brain may not be able to send signals to produce healthy sperms. This occurs when the endocrine glands present in the brain are unable to guide the body to assist healthy sperm development.
2. Testicular azoospermia
In this condition, infertility occurs because of the problem present in the testicles. The testes may not respond to the hormones released by the brain for healthy sperm development. Testicular azoospermia may also occur if there is some problem in the cellular development of sperm.
3. Post-testicular azoospermia
In this condition, the testicles produce normal sperm but either some kind of blockage or ejaculation dysfunction hampers it from getting out.
The above-mentioned are the types of azoospermia according to the reproductive cycle. However, this condition is commonly characterized by a blockage or no blockage. In this context, your doctor will tell you whether your spouse has obstructive (which happens when the sperm cannot get into the semen because of issues with ejaculation or blockage) or non-obstructive azoospermia (which occurs either due to hormonal issues or some kind of issues with healthy sperm development).
Causes of Azoospermia
Mentioned below are the possible causes of obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia:
Obstructive Azoospermia
Obstructive azoospermia may occur due to any of the following reasons:
1. Infection or inflammation in the male reproductive tract
Sometimes infections or inflammation that may be present due to untreated sexual disease or non-sexually transmitted diseases such as childhood diseases (mumps, etc.) may lead to this infertility condition.
2. Congenital anomaly
Sometimes genetic reasons such as congenital anomalies may lead to blockage in one or both sides of the male reproductive tracts.
3. Retrograde ejaculation
Sometimes no or low sperm count can be a result of retrograde ejaculation. In this condition, the semen moves backwards to the bladder rather than getting out of the urethra.
4. Surgery or Trauma
A surgery that may have been performed in the male reproductive part may lead to unintentional injury or scarring, which may become a cause of obstructive azoospermia. Also, certain traumas to the male reproductive parts may lead to scar tissue, blockage or damage to the epididymis or ejaculatory duct leading to this condition.
Non-Obstructive Azoospermia
Here are some causes of non-obstructive azoospermia:
1. Hormonal imbalance
A disrupted hormonal level in the body can lead to non-obstructive azoospermia. A right hormonal balance is important to healthy sperm production.
2. Toxin exposure, radiation, or chemotherapy
Any kind of exposure to toxins may lead to permanent or temporary non-obstructive azoospermia. Also, if any direct radiation therapy has been performed to cure any kind of cancer treatment, this condition may occur. Again, chemotherapy may also lead to this condition, however, it may or may not get better post-therapy.
3. Chromosomal or genetic anomalies
Non-obstructive azoospermia can be caused by genetic or chromosomal anomalies such as Kallmann syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, etc.
4. Side effects of certain medication
Certain medicines may cause temporary or long-term side effects that can lead to this condition. Some of these drugs are Cyclophosphamide, Chlorambucil, Colchicine, etc.
Signs of Azoospermia
The signs and symptoms of azoospermia may go unnoticed until a couple fails to get pregnant even after having unprotected sex for more than a year. Azoospermia as such has no prominent or evident symptoms, however, infertility can be one of the indications. In some cases of azoospermia, there can be some noticeable symptoms, such as:
Pain while urinating
Cloudy urine after sexual intercourse
Low ejaculation fluid or having a dry orgasm
Pain in the pelvic region
Undescended or small testicles
Swollen testicles
Experiencing low sex drive
Abnormal or delayed puberty
Lesser male hair growth
Difficulty in erection or ejaculation
Muscle loss
Smaller penis
There is a likelihood that a man may have none of the above-mentioned symptoms but he may still suffer from azoospermia.
How Is Azoospermia Diagnosed?
If your doctor suspects that a person has azoospermia, he may be asked to get the semen analysis done. Your spouse will have to deposit the semen sample in a cup, which will then be sent to the lab for testing. If there is no sperm count present in the sample, there is a strong possibility that he may have azoospermia. However, the doctor may like to repeat the test after a couple of months to be sure that there is no sperm count. Apart from testing the semen samples, the doctor may also like to conduct a few more tests that may include the following:
Conducting a physical exam to check the testicles
Conducting some blood tests to establish FSH and testosterone levels. The doctor may also check estrogen and prolactin levels
Checking the medical history to know of any childhood illnesses or any previous history of sexually transmitted diseases
Conducting TRUS or Transrectal ultrasound to check for any blockage in the reproductive tract
Conducting Karyotype testing and in some cases, even genetic testing to establish any inheritable genetic condition that may have led to congenital azoospermia
In some cases, the doctor may recommend getting a testicular biopsy
Your spouse may not be required to undergo any invasive tests such as testicular biopsy if other above-mentioned procedures or tests may have helped in diagnosing the condition. After the diagnosis is complete, the doctor will suggest the correct treatment option based on the cause of the condition.
Azoospermia Treatment
The treatment or azoospermia cure majorly depends on the cause of the condition. Some cases of azoospermia respond well to medication such as retrograde ejaculation. Apart from taking medicines for azoospermia, hormonal therapies sometimes are fruitful in stimulating sperm development.
If your spouse is suffering from obstructive azoospermia, the doctor may suggest microsurgical treatment options to correct severed or blocked connections. Surgeries are often helpful in curing retrograde ejaculation or even for treating or removing varicocele.
In the case of retrograde ejaculation, if treatment is not possible, the doctor may suggest extracting sperm from post-ejaculate urine and according to the number of sperms available or whether or not there are any female fertility problems, the doctor may suggest IVF or IUI treatment.
Natural Remedies for Azoospermia
Men with low sperm count can also try some natural remedies such as making dietary changes or consuming certain herbs, however, these kinds of natural remedies may not work that well in case of azoospermia. Here are some of the things that men can try:
Eat a well-balanced and nutritious diet that can help in the production of sperm.
Exercise on a regular basis, doing so may help in boosting the testosterone levels.
Practice mindfulness by doing meditation and yoga. Doing so can help in keeping a tab on cortisol, a stress hormone, which is responsible for impacting the testosterone production.
Consider some supplements or herbs that are known to promote male fertility such as horse chestnut, zinc, black seed, folic acid, etc.
Prevention Tips
If azoospermia has occurred by taking certain kinds of medication, injury, or other such reasons, the good news is that there are tips that may help in preventing it. Here are some tips that can come handy:
Limiting exposure to any kind of radiations.
Staying away from activities or sports that may harm or injure the testicles or reproductive organs.
Refraining from doing activities that may lead to exposing testes to high temperatures such as steam baths and saunas.
Azoospermia is a rare male infertility condition but if your partner is diagnosed with this condition, do not lose hope. It is still possible for him to be a biological father. However, it is imperative to understand the cause of the condition. Once the doctor establishes the cause, measures can be taken to cure the problem or come up with a correct treatment plan. On the other hand, the procedures of IUI or IVF have been helpful in getting pregnant. You can always consider foster parenting or adopting a child if you wish to be parents.
Coping with the condition and weighing your options can be overwhelming for some couples. You should get in touch with a professional counsellor and seek support from family and friends to sail smoothly through this phase!
Also Read:
Fertility Foods Which Can Help Increase Your Sperm Count
Ways To Increase Your Sperm Motility Fast
Effective Tips for Dealing with Stress of Infertility
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