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Impact of Television (TV) on Children – Positive and Negative Effects

Television is an important part of every child’s life. From witnessing the magic of superheroes to tuning into horror weekends, children go through an immersive experience through television and live in the bubble of their own world. Sometimes, this bubble becomes a cause for concern, depending on the types of shows being watched. Television builds character and personality and even has the power to change attitudes and perspectives towards life. Taking extra care will ensure that your child enjoys TV shows without being exposed to the ill-effects of watching TV. Video: Positive and Negative Effects of Television on Children What Role Does Television Play in a Child’s Life? If your child is watching crime dramas or horror flicks and has nightmares during bedtime, then you can be sure that something is wrong with his television habits. A considerable portion of children’s time is spent in front of the TV, and it definitely shapes their personality and attitude. The right kind of television programs imbue social and environmental awareness in kids and even promote social, emotional, and cognitive development holistically. Ensuring a healthy balance of TV time and play/study is important to their development since you don’t want them to turn into couch potatoes and skip healthy social and physical activities. Positive Effects of Television on Kids Some of the many advantages of television for children are: 1. Entertainment From Sesame Street to Dora the Explorer and Arthur, kids’ entertainment shows teach children a plethora of skills ranging from handling emotional trauma, interacting with peers, navigating through tough situations, and stimulating their imaginations through interactive quizzes and thinking patterns. Entertainment shows keep your kids engaged, teach them new skills, and let them have fun – all in one package! 2. Education Educational shows inspire kids to take action and engage in productive behaviours. If your child doesn’t like traditional teaching methods, then educational programs can be a great way to make him learn while having fun. Educational channels like Wild Kratts, Sid the Science Kid, Hanya Kamu, and Mickey Mouse Clubhouse teach kids problem-solving and provide them with a strong foundation in mental math and analytic thinking. 3. Sports Watching sports shows such as football, cricket, and volleyball can be a great way to generate interest in outdoor activities. Sports shows encourage kids to be active and healthy, thus enabling them to engage in physical behaviours which, down the line, bring emotional and physical well-being. 4. Culture Fever Does your kid enjoy exploring and travelling? Introduce them to the wonders of the world through travel and cultural shows. Learning about other cultures will enhance social learning and development skills, encouraging your child to become a holistic thinker and interact with international peers in a friendly fashion. 5. Creativity From cooking, baking, arts and crafts to music and theatre, creativity is the cornerstone of TV shows. Art channels and shows involving music composing, drawing, and painting stimulate the mind and encourage children to answer their inner calling. 6. Improved Academic Performance When TV is consumed in a responsible way, emotional and mental well-being follows. This leads to improved academic performance. According to researchers, children who watch informative and educational shows have been proven to outperform peers on multiple standardized tests and even perform at peak levels through middle and high school. 7. Healthy Stress Relief TV shows provide a healthy emotional outlet for kids who go through stress in school or outdoor environments. A healthy dose of TV can do wonders for a child’s mood and emotional problems and protect him from emotional stress which can impact him negatively. 8. Learn About Technology and Latest Trends With wide access to an ocean of content on TV, children pick up tools and techniques related to using the latest technologies and stay up-to-date with social trends. Kids become more knowledgeable and achieve informational enlightenment through the TV. 9. Language and Emotional Skills If your child is learning a new language or mimicking speech patterns, you can assist him to understand vocabulary and sentence formation nuances through language programs and movies. Further, positive TV shows reinforce healthy emotional behaviours and teach kids social skills that are crucial to their success. 10. Keeps Them Engaged If your child is constantly jumping around the house and can’t keep quiet for a single minute, letting him watch TV to relieve boredom is a creative solution. This will keep him engaged without harming his cognitive development. However, you will need to ensure that this is practised only occasionally and does not become a habit. 11. Encourages Social Participation Kids who watch characters perform productively and being their best on TV try to mimic those behaviours in real life. This applies to competitive tasks and events as well. For example, if their favourite TV character is performing well in exams and participates in sports and social events, your kids will mimic those behaviours as well, thus helping with their development. 12. Develops Personality and Fosters Independent Thinking TV shows foster independent thinking skills and teach kids to think outside the box. These skills are vital in a world that puts focus on creativity and thinking from different perspectives. 13. Inspiration TV shows can inspire kids and encourage them to try new things. For example, a TV program about creativity show can inspire your child to try something new with clay, paints, or paper. Negative Effects of Television on Kids Some of the many disadvantages of television for children are: 1. Steals Time Children who spend too much time in front of the television may miss out on life’s opportunities. If your child is spending too much time watching TV, he may lose precious time which could have been spent on more productive tasks like mingling with friends, working on homework, playing outside and other similar activities. 2. Lack of Language and Social Skills This might seem contradictory to the positive effects of TV mentioned earlier, but it applies mainly to children under the age of two years. Babies’ brains are in the developmental stages before the age of two. This is when the brain rewires and fosters social and emotional learning. The TV does not smile, speak, or interact with your child psychologically on a personal level. This affects the child’s mental state since he is vulnerable at this point in life. Even in later years, spending too much time watching TV can limit your child’s social interaction, thus affecting language and social skills in the long run. 3. Kills Creativity and Imagination If your child spends too much time on TV instead of going outside and exploring the real world, he will not be able to develop a strong imagination. Since ideas are presented in front of the screen, children who watch TV excessively cannot stimulate their minds or come up with fresh ideas on their own, thus passively consuming and not actively creating. 4. Lack of Focus Kids who spend more than 2 to 3 hours in front of the screen on a daily basis often suffer from a lack of focus in classroom environments. Such kids may also have a greater likelihood of being diagnosed with ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder). This lack of focus and low attention span bleeds into other domains besides academics, such as sports. The child may be unwilling to participate in creative and mentally calming activities like crafts as well. 5. Unproductive Productivity is all about reaching new heights in life. If your child is constantly watching TV and not achieving milestones in their academic, social, or emotional lives, all that time spent in front of the screen is simply time wasted. 6. Obesity Kids who watch too much TV are at the risk of developing obesity and other health disorders. It’s not uncommon to find young kids transitioning into teenage couch potatoes during their high school when they watch TV excessively. 7. Heart and Eye Health Risks Kids who watch too much TV are at the risk of developing lazy eye syndrome. In this condition, the child experiences blurry or reduced vision that is not correctable by glasses or lenses. TV addiction also promotes a lack of exercise and a sedentary lifestyle, both of which impact the heart and the brain. This can eventually lead to cardiovascular problems and narrow arteries. 8. Negative Behaviour According to research, watching too much TV can alter the brain structure and promote negative behaviour – especially violence and aggression. Kids who watch shows containing content inappropriate for minors are at a higher risk of this problem. 9. Affects Self-Image TV shows exaggerate reality and provide a distorted view of the world. Shows that reveal picture-perfect lives and too-good-to-be-true scenarios may make kids feel inadequate. 10. Emotional Changes Kids who are exposed to shows highlighting sex, drugs, and alcohol abuse are vulnerable to emotional changes. Since they are too young to understand many of these issues, they may get an altered view of reality and be influenced psychologically. 11. Poor Academic Performance Spending a lot of time watching TV may result in a lack of participation in other activities. Kids sometimes skip school and homework because of TV, and this adversely affects their academic performance. 12. Causes Learning Problems Learning problems due to excess TV time range from passive listening and underdeveloped listening skills to a lack of fine motor and creative skills. This occurs when kids do not engage in physically and mentally stimulating activities. Kids who develop ADHD by watching too much TV lack the ability to concentrate and focus during studies. 13. Unhealthy Eating Habits While watching TV, there is a sense of natural desire to munch on something, and often, these happen to be junk food items like chips or sodas, resulting in bad eating habits in future. What Can Parents Do to Protect Their Child From the Bad Effects of Television? Parents can: Limit the number of hours their child spends in front of the TV. Ensure that their child is watching quality TV shows as opposed to inappropriate ones. Watch TV with their child so that they are sure that the content being consumed is informational, educational, and interactive. This can also foster a bond between the parent and child. Keep the TV set away from the bedroom and turn off the TV at the end of the show. Help develop a healthy relationship between TV time and complete tasks. Try not to make the rules too strict, as that can develop a negative relationship between the child and TV. Should Babies and Toddlers Watch TV? It is recommended that babies and toddlers below the age of two years avoid watching TV since their brains are developing and vulnerable. They are learning a lot of emotional and social skills, so this is the time to interact with them, care for their emotional needs, and encourage them to read, write, and draw. A major chunk of cognitive development occurs during this stage, which is why it is best that the TV is kept away from babies and toddlers younger than two years. FAQs 1. How Does Television Influence Children’s Attitudes Towards Gender Roles? TV shows can hugely influence children’s understanding of gender roles, as what they watch shapes their beliefs. For example, if they see a man as a doctor and a woman as a nurse, they may take it as that only males can be doctors and only females can be nurses. 2. What Are Some Ways Television Can Be Used to Facilitate Social Interaction in Kids? If you want to facilitate social interaction in kids via TV, you and other family members should watch it along with your child and help them understand the importance of socially interacting with each other. You all can discuss what you are watching on TV. Watching TV is an activity best done in moderation. By ensuring that your child watches quality programmes and spends his time productively, you will ensure his proper growth and development. Watching TV is a daily part of life, and if integrated with care, your child can end up learning from it! Also Read:  Tricks To Break TV, Computer and Phone Addiction in Kids Kid-Friendly TV Channels That Parents Should Know About Side Effects of Watching TV While Eating on You & Your Child Read more

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Swollen Lymph Nodes in Children – When to Worry?

Swollen lymph nodes in children are small, bean-shaped glands that swell in response to infections like colds, ear infections, or strep throat. Located in the neck, armpits, and groin, they act as the body’s defense system, trapping germs and producing white blood cells. If the swelling in the lymph nodes lasts more than two weeks, is accompanied by fever, weight loss, or a hard, immovable lump on the side of the neck of the child, consult a doctor. Most cases resolve on their own, but bacterial infections may need antibiotics. Warm compresses, rest, and hydration can help ease discomfort. Though rare, persistent swelling could signal a more serious condition, so medical evaluation is important. Read this article for more information on swollen lymph nodes in kids, what causes them, treatment options, etc. What Are Lymph Nodes and Where Are They Found on the Body? Lymph nodes can be found all over the body. They are tiny filters that are responsible for catching the virus and bacteria that infect the body, after which the white blood cells come in and destroy them (1). There are about 600 lymph nodes in the body, some of which are mentioned below: Occipital – back of the head Preauricular – front of the ear Postauricular – behind the ear Submandibular – under the jaw Facial – in the cheek area Submental – under the chin Anterior cervical – in the front of the neck Posterior cervical – at the back of the neck Supraclavicular – above the collarbone Axillary – in the armpit Popliteal – behind the knee Epitrochlear – below the elbow Inguinal – in the groin area What Is Lymphadenopathy in Kids? Lymphadenopathy is when the lymph nodes begin to swell as the body fights off infections. Children are constantly exposed to various new infections and antigens, which means that their lymph nodes are bigger than those of an adult. Swollen lymph nodes are sometimes referred to as swollen glands. How Common and Severe Are Swollen Lymph Nodes in Kids? Lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes) is a common occurrence in childhood, with nearly all children experiencing it at least once. Research indicates that approximately 90% of children between ages four and eight may develop enlarged lymph nodes, though the majority are non-cancerous (benign) (2). The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) states that lymph nodes smaller than ½ inch (12 mm)—about the size of a pea or bean—are typically normal (3). However, progressive enlargement may indicate lymphadenitis (infected or inflamed lymph nodes), which can be classified into three types based on duration: Acute lymphadenitis – Lasts up to two weeks Subacute lymphadenitis – Persists beyond two weeks but resolves within six weeks Chronic lymphadenitis – Continues for more than six weeks Medical evaluation is recommended if: Swelling lasts over two weeks Lymph nodes continue growing Additional symptoms (e.g., fever, weight loss) are present Can Enlarged Lymph Nodes In a Child Be a Serious Problem? Usually, there is nothing to worry if a child has enlarged lymph nodes. It is a sign of the nodes doing their job and fighting off infections that the child may have as in the case of ‘mesenteric adenitis‘, where there are swollen lymph nodes in the stomach that go away on their own with time. Enlarged lymph nodes in different parts of the body may be caused due to different infections. It is normal to notice small lymph nodes in children; however, if they get bigger, it is a sign of an infection. Causes of Swollen Lymph Nodes in Children Causes of swollen lymph nodes in kids may include the following (4): 1. Lymphadenitis Lymph nodes can swell up when they themselves get infected. 2. Viral Throat Infection This is the most common cause of swelling in the lymph nodes in the neck. Lymph nodes in the neck are about half an inch to one-inch in size and appear the same on both sides. 3. Tooth Decay or Abscess In the case of tooth decay, only one node becomes swollen, and it is located under the jaw. 4. Swollen Groin Nodes This is caused by skin infections like Athlete’s Foot and a foreign object such as silver could also cause the swelling in the groin nodes. 5. Widespread Swollen Nodes This is usually caused by infections in the blood, such as infectious mono, or widespread rashes such as eczema. 6. Bacterial Throat Infection This causes swollen lymph nodes in children’s neck on one side and is quite large, measuring to about one inch. Nodes that are swollen due to bacterial throat infections are usually the ones that drain the tonsils. 7. Neck Nodes These occur due to the numerous respiratory infections that take place during childhood. 8. Swollen Nodes in the Armpit Skin problems such as impetigo or rashes like poison ivy can cause these to swell. 9. Shaving Sometimes, low-grade infections can take place during shaving of the legs. Symptoms of Lymphadenopathy in Kids The following are the symptoms of lymphadenopathy that you may notice in your child (5): Fever A sore throat, cough and congestion Tenderness and pain in the affected area Poor appetite Warmth or redness in the area Headaches Fatigue Body aches Lumps forming under the jaw, armpits, groin, chest, back of the neck and stomach. Complications of Swollen Lymph Nodes in Children Sometimes the lymph nodes may get infected by bacteria, a condition called “Adenitis”. If your child has this condition, lymph nodes may become big, painful, and tender. It may also turn red, and the child may also have a fever. If it is detected earlier on, your child can take oral antibiotics and recover. However, in severe cases, your child may have to be taken to the hospital for intravenous antibiotics and for draining the pus from the infected nodes (6). How Are Enlarged Lymph Nodes Diagnosed? As swollen lymph nodes denote infections, your doctor will do a thorough examination to see which lymph nodes are swollen, how big they are, if they are red and tender, or rough and fixed in order to figure out the underlying cause and provide appropriate treatment (7). How to Treat Lymphadenopathy in Children When it comes to the treatment for swollen lymph nodes in children’s necks, it should be understood that enlarged lymph nodes that are fighting viral infections do not need treatment, and they will go away on their own. If they have a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed, whereas painkillers may be prescribed for tenderness and pain. Treatment of enlarged lymph nodes depends upon what the underlying cause of the nodes is (8). Home Remedies Apply a clean, warm cloth to the swollen area for 10-15 minutes, 2-3 times daily to reduce discomfort and promote drainage. Encourage plenty of fluids (water, soups) to help flush out toxins and support immune function. Ensure your child gets adequate sleep to help their body fight off infections naturally. Lightly massage the area (if not painful) to improve circulation and reduce swelling. Medicines Pain Relievers – Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil/Motrin) can help reduce pain and inflammation (use age-appropriate doses). Antibiotics – Prescribed if the cause is a bacterial infection (e.g., strep throat or ear infection). Never use leftover antibiotics without a doctor’s approval. Antihistamines – For allergy-related swelling (e.g., Benadryl or Zyrtec), but only under pediatric guidance. Avoid Steroids/OTC Creams – Do not use steroid creams or oral steroids unless directed by a doctor, as they can mask underlying issues. Surgery In certain cases, surgical removal of the enlarged lymph node may be recommended as a treatment option. Depending on the underlying condition, a pediatric surgeon may recommend a drainage procedure for the affected lymph nodes. Although lymph node surgery is typically low-risk, potential complications may include delayed wound healing, formation of blood clots, temporary numbness near the surgical site, and postoperative infections. When to Worry About Swollen Lymph Nodes in Children If your child has a sore throat, fever, and the lymph nodes continue to grow or do not go away for weeks, take your child to a doctor. If you notice strange bruising or if your child is bleeding unusually from the nose and mouth or experiencing weight loss, visit your doctor. Nodes larger than four centimetres are serious, and medical intervention may be required. A hard lump on the back of a child’s head may be a swollen lymph node or minor cyst, but consult a doctor to be sure. For a child with swollen lymph nodes in the neck but no fever, it may be harmless, but see a doctor if they persist. FAQs 1. Can allergies cause swollen lymph nodes in kids? While infections are the most common cause, severe or chronic allergies (e.g., food allergies, eczema) can occasionally trigger mild lymph node swelling due to prolonged immune system activation. 2. Are swollen lymph nodes linked to dental problems? Yes, untreated cavities, gum infections, or emerging teeth (especially molars) can cause swollen lymph nodes under the jaw or neck, as the immune system responds to nearby inflammation. 3. Do vaccinations cause temporary lymph node swelling? Certain vaccines (e.g., MMR, COVID-19) can trigger mild, short-term swelling in nearby lymph nodes (e.g., armpit after an arm shot) as the immune system builds protection. While swollen lymph nodes in children are common and often go away on their own, they could put unnecessary stress on parents and children both. Adequate knowledge about lymph nodes can help you seek treatment whenever necessary. References/Resources: 1. National Library of Medicine – Anatomy, Lymph Nodes 2. National Library of Medicine – Evaluation of children with lympadenopathy 3. American Academy of Pediatrics – Lymph Nodes – Swollen 4. Children’s Hospital Colorado – Lymph Nodes – Swollen 5. University of Rochester Medical Center – Lymphadenopathy in Children 6. Kaiser Permanente – Single Swollen Lymph Node in a Child (Lymphadenitis) 7. Mayo Clinic – Swollen lymph nodes 8. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia – Lymphadenopathy Also Read: Ear Pain in Kids Neck Pain in Kids Groin Pain in Children Knee Pain in Kids Leukaemia in Children Read more

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Safety Rules at School for Kids – Important Guidelines

In recent years, a disturbing surge in violence has permeated various aspects of our society, notably impacting the safety of educational institutions. The rise in gun violence globally has shattered the once-held belief in schools as sanctuaries for children. The safety issues in school premises arise from multifaceted situations, prompting a collective reevaluation of the system to enhance the protection of our children. The urgent need for proactive measures, such as improved safety rules at school classroom and mental health support, is underscored by these unsettling trends. Consequently, communities and policymakers alike are compelled to collaborate in crafting comprehensive strategies that prioritize the well-being of students. Importance of Child Safety in School Children are our world’s most precious gift. But as children, they may lack the skills to protect themselves. The responsibility falls on parents and schools to safeguard children and teach them these skills. It is even better to make the children aware of any situation that may be unsafe for them so that they can tackle such people or circumstances as soon as they encounter them. A safe environment for children is also conducive to a better learning experience. Without the assurance of safety, students may be unable to focus on learning the skills necessary for a successful future. Even viewing violence while growing up can traumatise them and have detrimental effects on their health. There was a time when violence in school would rarely top a tiff between two students that ended with adult intervention. But, the issue has escalated to such a dangerous level that in some parts of the world, school violence can be classified as an epidemic. Tragic incidents like gun violence in schools seem to have several catalysts. So, the best way to prevent situations like this is to provide adequate support to children or people who may seem unstable. Protecting children shouldn’t occur simply as a matter of public policy. It can start from home by strengthening values and teaching them to trust their conscience. Safety in our schools is essential to support the academic and personal successes of each child in a nurturing environment. 15 Common Safety Rules at School for Your Children Here are some safety rules for children to follow at school. 1. Help Your Child Memorise Contact Information Ensure that young children know their full name, address, home phone number and how to use a phone. The school should have a record of emergency contact details that includes office phone, cell phone, home phone, etc. Make sure the child knows which adult to contact in case of an emergency. 2. Teach Them to be Alert and Vigilant The child should know that he or she should not leave the school premises unattended. Children tend to lose their sense of space and time when they are playing and may easily get lost. 3. Always be Informed on Trips In case the school is taking the children on a field trip, know where they’re going and who will be chaperoning the trip. 4. Use Indicators Instead of Names While Labeling Be careful when writing names on a child’s possessions for identification. If confronted by an abductor, this may put them on a first-name basis with the child. Try to place a distinct label, like red stars or bright green stickers, instead of names 5. Memorize Routes and Landmarks Show the child landmarks and safe areas between school and home, so that they have somewhere to run to in case of emergencies. Train the children to use the main roads and avoid shortcuts and isolated areas. In case they use the bus, make sure they know which one to use. 6. Awareness of Allergies In case your child has any allergies, ensure that the school is aware of them. 7. Proper Emergency Procedure See to it that the school has a proper plan in case of an emergency and that the children are properly trained. For example, every school should have a proper fire drill and emergency evacuation plan. 8. Be Hands-On Don’t hesitate to get involved. With the help of other parents, organising things like neighbourhood watches can drastically reduce abductions and may even improve traffic safety. PTA meetings are a great time to address common issues that kids face. Any problems should be reported to teachers as they could aid in solving them, together with you. 9. Strangers Are a No-No Teach children to be cautious of strangers. Teach them to walk away if any strangers approach them and ask for directions or offer them food. Kids should learn to trust their gut instinct and try to have drills or practices which would help them identify potential danger. 10. Keep Dangerous Items Out of Reach Playing or experimenting with fire and sharp objects should be strictly forbidden be it at home, or in school. Children have to be made aware from day one that bringing weapons to school is a serious violation of safety. 11. Always Have a Point of Contact Children should be encouraged to always check with their parents or a trusted adult for any issues that may come up. Several times, children are approached by strangers claiming that something has happened to their mother or father. Such predators thrive on the naivety of young kids. Make sure they know that if they are ever in a situation like that, they should first approach a teacher to tell them what happened. 12. Be the First to be Informed If your child has any change of plans, make sure they know how to contact you. In case they decide to go to the park with a friend or to another friend’s house, make sure an adult you know will be present to supervise. 13. Don’t Tolerate Bullying Teach children from a young age that bullying is an intolerable offence. To protect themselves, they need to know not to bully their peers. 14. Teach Them to Avoid Unknown Places Children might start walking an empty street all by themselves or explore an unknown area near the school when their parents are running late to pick them up. To ensure they are safe while they are waiting for you, have a teacher or someone trustworthy from the school staff keep a watch on your child. It is always a better idea for your child to stay on the school premises until you reach. 15. Encourage Them to Trust Their Instincts Children often struggle with trusting their instincts. Encourage them to listen to the little voice in their heads to avoid walking into a risky situation and stay safe. FAQs 1. What happens when safety rules are violated at school? When safety rules are violated at school, consequences typically include disciplinary actions such as warnings, suspensions, or expulsions, depending on the severity of the violation and school policies. 2. How can parents contribute to ensuring their children’s safety at school? Parents can contribute to ensuring their children’s safety at school by fostering open communication with their children about their experiences, teaching them about personal safety, staying involved in school activities, attending parent-teacher meetings, and advocating for improved safety measures if necessary. 3. How can teachers establish a secure school environment? Teachers can establish a secure school environment by implementing clear and consistent classroom rules, promoting respectful behavior among students, addressing bullying and conflicts promptly, conducting safety drills regularly, collaborating with colleagues and administrators on safety protocols, and fostering a supportive and inclusive classroom culture. Keeping children safe is no easy task. It is a hard truth for parents to accept that they cannot always be around to protect their children. But knowing that they are following these rules means parents can rest easier. As your child grows, it is important for them to independently understand what situations may be dangerous. But until then, follow these rules and rest easy knowing your child is safe at school and is enjoying the learning process. Also Read: Life Skills for Children Good Habits Parents Should Teach Kids Ways to Help Your Child Succeed in School Educating a Child About Good Touch and Bad Touch Read more

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Skin Tags on Kids – Causes and Treatments

If you see a tiny outgrowth of skin somewhere on your child’s body, don’t immediately panic! It might be a skin tag, which is usually painless. A definitive cause of skin tags is unknown, but several factors can determine whether a child is going to develop these skin outgrowths, and skin tags on kids should be looked into. These small, soft, and often flesh-coloured growths can be found on various parts of the body, including the neck, armpits, and groin. While they’re not usually painful or a cause for medical alarm, it’s natural for parents to seek information about them. Let’s read on to find out all about skin tags in children. What Is a Skin Tag? Skin tags are usually small outgrowths of skin. They can affect anyone of any gender or age, even children. They are usually only a few millimetres long, about the size of a grain, and are harmless. They are called papillomas. Causes of Skin Tags in Children What causes skin tags on babies? Let’s talk about a few causes below: 1. In-utero Development Sometimes, children may be born with skin tags near their ears, or elsewhere on their bodies. The ones near the ears are often located in the front, as the cartilage that forms the baby’s ears has not yet fully thickened to assume the proper ear shape. These are not harmful, but you can consider their removal for visual reasons. 2. Friction Between Skin Where the skin is open to frequent rubbing and friction, those areas are prone to skin tags. The most common areas are the armpit, neck, and groin. If the child is overweight or obese, they will have extra folds of skin, and are more at risk of skin chafing and skin tags, the underarms and neck being the most common. 3. Illnesses Kids who have diabetes or those suffering from HPV virus are more prone to developing skin tags. 4. Hereditary Reasons If your child is born with, or develops, skin tags, it could be because it is genetic. One of the parents or grandparents might have had skin tags. 5. Defects in Body Functions Body function abnormalities, like impaired lipid metabolism and irregularities in liver enzymes, can sometimes be associated with the presence of skin tags. Signs of Skin Tags in Children Following are the signs and symptoms of skin tags in children: Skin tags frequently manifest on the face, abdomen, chest, groin, arms, and legs in children. A skin tag may either be a raised bump or have a slender stalk extending from the skin’s surface. Some tags might exhibit a darker hue compared to the surrounding skin, resembling small, dark protuberances. Skin tags commonly occur in groups. If you notice one, be sure to examine the nearby skin for additional tags. Where Are Skin Tags Found on Children? Skin tags on children can be found in the following places: Eyelids Groin Neck Armpits Buttock folds Ear tags are commonly seen in newborns Skin tags on the lip are common in children Are Skin Tags Harmful and Contagious? Although you might panic upon seeing a skin tag on your child, you can relax, as skin tags are completely harmless and benign. They’re only extra outgrowths of skin, and will not harm your baby in any way. They are also non-cancerous, and will remain so if left untreated in most cases. But, just to be sure, if the skin tags bleed, change colour or grow, it is always better to take your child to a physician, who might prescribe a biopsy test. Skin tags are also non-contagious. How Are Skin Tags Diagnosed in Children? Diagnosing skin tags in children typically doesn’t require extensive tests. A doctor can usually diagnose them through a physical examination, assessing their size and location to identify their cause. Only if the doctor suspects an alternative skin condition might a biopsy be considered, although this is rarely necessary for skin tags. How to Treat Skin Tags in Kids? Skin tags can usually be left untreated, as they are not medically harmful. However, if you are conscious about the appearance of a skin tag on your child, these are some treatment procedures that can be used: 1. Laser Removal You can visit a dermatologist or surgeon, and get the skin tag removed by a laser procedure. This method is slightly expensive, compared to other treatments. 2. Excision This is a surgical procedure which involves cutting off the skin tag with a scalpel while the child is under anaesthesia. It is very important to remember that surgery is never advisable for a baby. Wait till the child is older before consulting a dermatologist on skin tag removal, especially if it becomes too big or conspicuous. Never try to remove it on your own at home, as you may risk hurting or infecting your child. Home Remedies to Treat Skin Tag in Children While some people attempt home remedies like salicylic acid, apple cider vinegar, tea tree oil, or garlic to remove skin tags, there’s limited scientific evidence to support their effectiveness. DIY removal with tools or pastes can lead to infection, scarring, or bleeding. If your child desires skin tag removal, it’s advisable to consult a doctor for safe and effective treatment options. They can provide professional guidance and perform the procedure with minimal risk. How to Care for Your Child’s Skin Post Treatment? After treatment, more often than not, children might develop blisters on the skin. Although the various treatment procedures are not harmful, the area of the skin will take about ten days to heal. Make sure not to expose it to the sun, and keep your child indoors for the first few days after treatment. FAQs 1. Do Skin Tags in Children Go Away on Their Own? Although in rare instances, skin tags may naturally resolve, in the majority of cases, they tend to persist and can grow larger over time. 2. Is There Any Need to Change Your Child’s Lifestyle to Prevent Skin Tags? There are no particular dietary or lifestyle adjustments that can specifically prevent the occurrence of skin tags in children. However, maintaining habits like regular exercise, a balanced diet, staying well-hydrated, practising good hygiene, and managing weight can generally promote healthy skin. 3. What Should Parents Do to Reduce the Scarring After Skin Tag Removal in Children? When done under medical supervision, skin tag removal typically doesn’t result in scarring. Yet, improper removal methods can lead to scarring. While there’s no foolproof way to entirely eliminate scarring, keeping the area clean, well-moisturized, and following the dermatologist’s recommended topical treatment, along with shielding it from the sun, can aid in the healing process and minimize scarring. Skin tags may not be very pleasant to look at, but they are harmless, and you don’t have to worry about them. If they are very small, you can look at letting them go untreated for the rest of your child’s life, but if they are big and start affecting your child’s self-confidence, then you can make the decision of removing the skin tag, with proper consultation with a certified dermatologist. References/Resources: 1. Metabolic Associations with Skin Tags; peertechzpublications.org; https://www.peertechzpublications.org/Dermatology-Clinical-Research/IJDCR-2-113.php 2. Amarendra Pandey, Sidharth Sonthalia; Skin Tags; NCBI; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547724/ 3. The Skinny on Skin Tags: 6 Questions and Answers; pennmedicine.org; https://www.pennmedicine.org/updates/blogs/health-and-wellness/2018/december/skin-tags 4. Skin Tags (Acrochordons); my.clevelandclinic.org; https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21528-skin-tags-acrochordons 5. Vitamin E for Skin: What Does It Do?; health.clevelandclinic.org; https://health.clevelandclinic.org/vitamin-e-for-skin-health/ 6. SKIN TAGS: WHY THEY DEVELOP, AND HOW TO REMOVE THEM; sutterhealth.org; https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/skin-tags 7. Skin Tag Causes, Prevention, and Treatment; sutterhealth.org; https://www.sutterhealth.org/ask-an-expert/answers/skin-tag-causes-prevention-treatment 8. Skin tags (acrochordons); healthdirect.gov.au; https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/skin-tags Also Read: Shingles in Children Encephalitis in Kids Papular Urticaria in Children Rheumatic Fever in Kids Read more

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15 Top Safety Rules for Kids at Home

A home is the safest place your child can ever be in the world. However, that does not mean that they won’t be harmed inside it as a result of their own actions. At certain times, if your child is alone at home, you have to ensure that safety measures at home for children are properly in place. In order for you to have a sense of calm and the children to be secure as well, there are certain safety rules at home for children that could be followed. These rules help in preventing accidents and ensuring that children know what to do in case of an emergency. Read on for our list of safety rules at home for kids. 15 Home Safety Tips for Kids Here are some safety tips you need to follow for kids at home. 1. Kids Should Never be Alone in Water Playing in water is a fun activity for toddlers as well as kids. But, leaving them completely unsupervised in your play pool or even in the bathtub is not a wise decision. Unintended actions may result in consequences such as drowning or hurting themselves. Avoid leaving them unattended even if you simply have to rush inside to grab your phone (1). 2. All Solutions and Chemicals Should Be Out of Reach Kids are inquisitive by nature. And sometimes, curiosity may kill the cat. Given that many detergents and pesticides have an alluring odour, your child’s curiosity might get the better of them as they start meddling with the bottles and containers. They could erroneously inhale harmful vapours or even consume them. It’s best to keep all these locked in a cabinet or on a high shelf well out of reach of the kids. 3. Sleeping Area of Your Child Should Be Clutter-Free There is a tendency to fill a child’s room, especially their bed, with lots of pillows, soft toys, blankets, etc. In case of an infant, they do not have strength or control over their actions and could pull up all these objects onto themselves. Buried under blankets, pillows, and soft toys could lead them to suffocate. Ensure all blankets and bedsheets are securely attached to the bed. Keep the toys away from the bed and keep only a couple of them next to your baby for them to play with (2). 4. All Electrical Outlets Should Be Childproofed Here’s another case for prevention against inquisitive kids. Electrical outlets, with their plug points and holes, are an invitation for kids to mess around with and stick their fingers in. Moreover, unattended devices and cables could lead them to play around with and stick them in their mouths. All these could create a fatal scenario for your kid. Primarily, make sure your home is properly grounded. Cover all sockets with integrated covers at all times (3). Educate your kids about electricity and the dangers that come with it. 5. Miniature Items and Small Toys Should Be in Secure Locations With their ability to explore at an all-time high, kids want to grab anything the see and put it in their mouths. While they may hold it firmly, at times, objects may slip into their mouths. And if they are small enough, they might get lodged in their throat, causing them to choke on it. Avoid keeping any such toys or showpieces in easy reach of the kid. And not just toys, but be extra careful when giving your kid small pieces of food to eat as well; make sure that they are small enough for them to swallow. 6. Smoke Alarms Are the Best Pre-Emptive Prevention Out of all hazards, fire is considered the most dangerous of them. In case of fire, there is smoke which can quickly lead to suffocation, rendering people unconscious, and susceptible to fire. According to the National Fire Protection Association, installing a smoke alarm makes you aware of such scenarios and helps you counter them as soon as possible (4). The moment the alarm sounds, it’s best to get all kids and children outside the house first, to save them if the fire quickly builds up and stops all escape routes. 7. Ensure All Openings of Your Home Are Secured While they move around the house, kids may not always be aware of where they are and how a door might open or close. Chances are they might get their fingers stuck in the gaps of the door. Or if they want to gaze down from a higher floor and end up accidentally opening the bedroom window. It’s best to have preventive locks on all doors that are secure and cannot be opened easily. If your house has a staircase, install a barrier at the base of it to prevent your kid from crawling upstairs. 8. Interacting With Pets Needs to Be Handled With Care Pets quickly get friendly with babies, and kids have a general demeanour of care and affection towards them. But, pets have a mind of their own and won’t always like your behaviour towards them. Kids and children are highly susceptible to not recognising this and may end up treating the pet as a toy. Advise them to maintain distance from the pet when they start making noise or feel uncomfortable. Ask them to never disturb the pet while they are having their food, or startle them while they are sleeping. And, in no case, should you leave your kid alone with your pet. 9. Always Keep a First Aid Kit Easily Accessible No matter the number of precautions and preventive measure one might undertake, accidents tend to happen. The only course of action you can take is to be ready in such cases. Learn the basics of CPR to revive your kid’s breathing if they start choking or fall unconscious. Keep a first aid kit ready with bandages, creams, burn lotions, bite antidotes, and anything that you think might be needed on an urgent basis (5). If you have a local doctor or a person who is good at rendering medical aid, keep their contact details in the first aid box so that you can quickly get in touch with them. 10. Be As Vigilant As You Can A stronger way to prevent accidents is to keep the eyes and ears open. You can’t give up everything and observe every activity your kid undertakes. But, do check in with them from time to time. If your kid is grown up, do call them up regularly to check how things at home are. If you hear any suspicious sound or noise, give them immediate instructions to prevent any untoward incident. 11. Install Safety Gates If you have stairs in your home, installing safety gates at the top and bottom can prevent young children from accidentally falling. Ensure the gates are sturdy and secure, and teach older children how to use them properly (6). 12. Keep Medications Out of Reach Medications can be extremely dangerous if ingested by children. Store all medicines, including vitamins and supplements, in a locked cabinet. Educate children about the dangers of taking medicine without adult supervision. 13. Use Window Guards and Stops To prevent falls, especially in multi-story homes, install window guards and stops. Ensure that windows cannot be opened more than a few inches and that guards are strong enough to withstand a child’s weight. 14. Secure Heavy Furniture Heavy furniture like bookshelves, dressers, and televisions can tip over if climbed on. Anchor these items to the wall to prevent them from toppling over and causing serious injury (7). 15. Supervise Outdoor Play If you have a backyard or outdoor play area, make sure it is safe and secure. Regularly check for hazards such as sharp objects, holes, or unsafe equipment. Supervise children closely to prevent accidents and injuries. Now that you know some of the top rules to keep your kids safe at home, here are a few things you should have to ensure their safety: Things You Must Have to Keep Your Kids Safe at Home Covers for Electrical Points – These covers will keep the electrical points out of reach and help prevent accidents. Cord Wind-Ups – Cord wind-ups can be used to wind any loose wires you may have lying in the house and save your kids from tripping over them or getting strangled by them. Foam Door Stoppers – Door stoppers made of foam can be easily fitted on the doors and help prevent the doors from getting slammed on the fingers when the kids are running around the house. Covers for the Doorknobs – Ensure you get covers for all the doorknobs your baby can access in the house to prevent him from getting locked in. Finger Guard Strips Doors – These strips cover the gap where kids are most likely to get their fingers stuck in. These strips cover the gap between the door and the hinge of the door and avoid occurrences of your kid’s fingers getting trapped in them. FAQs 1. How can I teach my child about stranger danger at home? Teaching your child about stranger danger involves educating them on who is safe and who is not. Explain to them that they should never open the door for someone they do not know, even if the person says it’s an emergency. Role-playing different scenarios can help them understand and practice what to do if a stranger approaches them at home. 2. What should I do if my child fears safety drills? Some children might feel anxious about safety drills, such as fire or earthquake drills. To help them cope, explain the purpose of these drills in a calm and reassuring manner. Practice the drills regularly to make them feel more familiar and less scary. Encourage them to ask questions, express their fears, and address their concerns with understanding and support. 3. How can I ensure my child’s safety when using smart home devices? With the increasing use of smart home devices, it’s important to consider your child’s safety and privacy. Make sure to set strong passwords and regularly update them. Educate your child on not interacting with unknown voices or instructions from smart devices. Monitor the usage of these devices and turn off unnecessary features that might compromise security. Exploration and curiosity drive kids to move around the house and experiment with everything they see. We, as parents, have to ensure their well-being in this journey. By caring for the basic things, we can continue living our lives without fear and let the kids discover the world for themselves. References/Resources: 1. 5 Bathroom Safety Tips for Infants & Young Children; American Academy of Pediatrics; https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Bathroom-Safety.aspx 2. Hoyniak. C, Bates. J, Camacho. M, McQuillan. M, et. al.; The Physical Home Environment and Sleep: What Matters Most for Sleep in Early Childhood (Journal of Family Psychology); National Library of Medicine; https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9747092/; August 2022 3. Child safety – at home; Better Health Channel; https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/child-safety-at-home 4. Smoke Alarm Information; National Fire Protection Association; https://www.nfpa.org/education-and-research/home-fire-safety/smoke-alarms 5. First aid kits; Better Health Channel; https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/first-aid-kits 6. Baby Gates; Nationwide Children’s Hospital; https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/research/areas-of-research/center-for-injury-research-and-policy/injury-topics/home-safety/baby-gates 7. Secure Your Space; Central United States Earthquake Consortium; https://cusec.org/earthquake-safety-preparedness/before-an-earthquake/1-secure-your-space/ Also Read: Safety rules for Kids at School Internet Safety Tips for Kids Road Safety Rules to Teach Your Child Important Beach Safety Tips for Kids Important Fire Safety Rules for Kids That You Must Teach Them   Read more

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Remedies to Heal Your Child's Summertime Cuts, Bruises and Bites

Come summers and we’re sure your little one is all excited to spend time playing with his friends and relishing the holidays! While your child’s going to have the time of his life, it also means that he’s going to come back home with plenty of cuts, mosquito bites, and bruises to show for it. So it’s imperative that you ensure that none of these wounds dampen his spirit and that they’re fixed right away. And we’re here to help you figure out just how you can do that! Effective Remedies for Your Child’s Summertime Woes There’s no doubt about it – your kid is going to fall, get hurt, and come home crying with a bruise or a cut at some point! After all, that’s a bit part and parcel of childhood, right? Summers bring with them plenty of different ailments and problems which can afflict your child, but these few mentioned below, in particular, could be the main sources of trouble he’ll have to deal with constantly. Don’t worry though – there are simple, yet effective remedies that can help ease your child’s woes quickly! 1. Cuts and Bruises Climbing trees, running around and on different surfaces, falling down – there will no dearth of cuts and bruises (and resulting scars) on your little one’s body. It’s important that they’re treated immediately and with great care because leaving cuts exposed in particular make them prone to infections. You don’t want your child ending up sick just because you didn’t pay attention to his wounds, do you? Of course, you don’t! While severe or deep cuts will require medical attention and probably need a few stitches, you can take care of smaller cuts and bruises at home itself. Remedies to Try Turmeric is the first thing that comes to mind when we think of something accessible to heal wounds! Apply a little turmeric to bleeding wounds to let the blood clot quickly. You can also apply medical-grade honey or crushed garlic cloves to the wound to help it heal. Tea tree oil is also recommended for healing cuts – for this, you can liberally spray on Aringel After Bite, a herbal spray with tea tree oil as its main component. It will help soothe your child’s pain and irritation and also help prevent infection! 2. Sunburn The summer heat can be pretty cruel and you might see your child’s skin take on a whole new tone when he’s back home after a day of play! Red and itchy skin will give away that your child has suffered from sunburn. If it’s a more severe case of sunburn, you’ll see painful blisters on your child’s skin. Over-exposure to the sun’s rays can be harmful so it’s important that your child is covered from head to toe in sunscreen before he steps out. Even so, there’s a chance that he may still experience a sunburn for which you can try the following remedies. Remedies to Try Start off with cold compresses or a cool bath to provide his skin with some relief. You can use aloe vera gel, touted as one of the best remedies for sunburn. Simply keep the gel chilled, then apply on the affected areas every few hours so that your child feels soothed. Drinking enough water is also important so that your child doesn’t feel dehydrated at any point. The next time he’s out in the sun, make sure to slather on the sunscreen, to make him wear protective clothing with enough coverage and that he stays in the shade! 3. Heat Rash Blocked sweat ducts due to hot and humid weather can lead to red bumps cropping over your little one’s body. You’re most likely to notice these bumps or rashes on your child’s neck, the creases of his elbows and knees, his inner thighs and armpits. No doubt, this can look and feel super uncomfortable, but the condition will clear up in a couple of days with proper care. But if you think that the rash might be infected or that it isn’t healing quickly enough, it would be best to take your child to the doctor. Remedies to Try You can depend on cold compresses, ice packs, and cool baths to relieve your child of those irritating bumps on his body. Keep him cool by seating him under the fan or in an air-conditioned room. An oatmeal bath is another way your child can experience relief – add a cup or two of oats to lukewarm water and let your child soak in this water for about 20 minutes. And of course, there’s always the almighty aloe vera gel to the rescue! 4. Mosquito Bites Out comes the sun and out comes the bugs, are we right? Mosquitoes especially swarm around day in and day out, aiming to cause trouble. They might be small but they can cause pretty massive damage, and you don’t want your child to be at the receiving end of it! Prevention is always better than cure; so before your little one steps out to play, make sure he’s wearing clothes that offer ample coverage. You can also stick on an Aringel Mosquito Repellent Patch under his collar – it will help create an anti-mosquito shield around your child and let him play to his heart’s fancy! Remedies to Try If your child does get bitten by mosquitoes, there are different home remedies you can try to relieve him of irritation. First off, it’s essential that he doesn’t scratch these bites; it’s just going to worsen the irritation. Use cold compresses, medical-grade honey, aloe vera gel (of course!), or minced garlic mixed with coconut oil (apply the mixture on the affected area, then wipe it off after 10 minutes). But if your child isn’t planning to stop his fun and games over a few bites, it’s best to spray on Aringel After Bite Spray. Not only will it provide him instant relief from the itchiness and prevent allergic reactions to these bites, thanks to its herbal formulation, it’s also not going to get in the way of his fun! 5. Shoe Bites Shoe bites are common when kids wear ill-fitting shoes; when the back of the shoe rubs against the skin on the back of their foot while they hop, skip, and jump around, the result can be a nasty shoe bite. When left untreated, they’ll form blisters, and the skin of the feet can come peeling off. Ugh! We know you wouldn’t want your kid to go through all that trouble! Ensure that you purchase shoes which fit his feet perfectly; the extra time you take to shop may seem cumbersome but at least your child’s feet won’t suffer! Remedies to Try When a shoe bite strikes, there are different things you can do to take good care of your child’s feet. Apply crushed ice or crush an aspirin tablet, mix it with water, and apply the paste to the affected area. Aloe vera gel, petroleum jelly and coconut oil are other things you can try to soothe the blisters. Similarly, spraying on Aringel After Bite Spray on the wound. Its antiseptic properties make it safe for use on wounds, cuts, and burns, and also, will allow the shoe bite to heal quickly and let your child get back to his activities. Summertime means plenty of fun in the sun, at the beach, at summer camps, and just about anywhere outdoors for kids. At no point should your little one be inhibited by these concerns. So, take precautions to keep your child safe from summertime wounds – proper clothes and shoes, mosquito repellent creams and patches, plenty of water, and loads of sunscreen. His holidays are meant to be fun and fulfilling and that’s all they need to be, provided that he gets all the care he needs! Also Read: How To Treat Burns In Children Types Of Chest Pain In Kids & How To Deal With It Ways To Prevent Different types Of Head Injuries In Children Read more

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Typhoid Fever in Children – Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Your child’s mental and physical well-being must be your top priority as a parent. And we are sure you must do everything possible to keep your child safe and healthy at all times. But we all fall sick occasionally, and so do our children, especially when exposed to infections. Sometimes, children may suffer from serious health problems which may require immediate medical attention and proper care. Typhoid in kids is one such concern—a bacterial infection that can affect children. The symptoms of typhoid appear very quickly and can worsen if not treated promptly. Read on to learn more about typhoid fever in children, its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options. What Is Typhoid Fever? Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi infection. It spreads from one person to another, but if diagnosed early, it can be treated and won’t be fatal. The infection often contracts upon consuming contaminated water or food and is seen frequently among children (1). Once contracted, the infection first and foremost manifests as a persistent high fever, which gradually rises from 102°F up to 107°F (38.8°C to 41.6°C). How Common Is Typhoid in Children? Typhoid fever is more common in kids living in places with dirty water or poor sanitation, like some parts of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Children, especially those under five, are more vulnerable due to weaker immune systems and higher exposure risks in endemic areas. Globally, an estimated 3–5 million cases occur annually, with children accounting for a significant portion, though incidence varies by region. What Causes Typhoid in Children? Children may suffer from typhoid fever if they do not maintain proper hygiene. A person suffering from acute typhoid can pass on the bacteria through the stools, where the bacteria may survive for weeks in the sewage. Adults generally carry the pathogen, which they pass on through stools or urine (2). Here are the causes of typhoid to watch out for and prevent: Eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water (2). Poor hygiene, for instance, if hands are not washed frequently, especially after using the bathroom and before eating, can cause typhoid (3). Eating in places close to the sewage from dirty street vendors. Eating vegetables and fruits which are not thoroughly washed. Typhoid Symptoms in Kids The symptoms of typhoid may take a week or two after the infection, and they may range from mild to severe. Some typhoid symptoms in kids are given below: 1. High Fever If your child has contracted a typhoid infection, the first and foremost symptom you will notice is a high fever. Typhoid fever may start as mild, but it can build up over a few days and may last long. 2. A Sore Throat Having a sore throat is another symptom of typhoid in kids. If your child complains of discomfort in the throat and it is quite painful, they may have typhoid (4). 3. Fatigue and Weakness Feeling exhausted for a long period despite getting good sleep can also signify typhoid. Sometimes, children experience extreme fatigue and weakness (5) from the infection, making it difficult to get up or sit without support. 4. Loss of Appetite If you notice that your child is not interested in eating food, refuses to eat, and has a sore throat, then it may mean that the infection is present and persistent (6). 5. Diarrhoea Children infected with typhoid may sometimes have a high fever accompanied by diarrhoea (6). 6. Abdominal Pain If your child complains of acute pain in the stomach (6), then the chances of typhoid are quite high. 7. Constipation If your child has difficulty passing stools and feels bloated for days, it is a sign of typhoid infection (6). 8. Headaches Your little one could also complain of feeling heavy in the head and a prolonged headache due to the infection (7). 9. Swollen Belly Some children may also have a swollen belly if they have typhoid (7). If you have noticed your child with a swollen belly, take them to a doctor immediately to get them checked for typhoid. 10. Coated Tongue If your child complains of a sore throat, check their tongue immediately to see if it is coated. If it is, it is another sign of an infection (8). Who Is At Risk of Getting Typhoid? Children exposed to the following factors have a high chance of developing typhoid: Poor access to clean drinking water Infrequent washing of hands before having a meal How Is Typhoid Fever Diagnosed? If you have noticed one or more of the signs in your child, such as a high fever, swollen belly, or rashes, your child may have typhoid fever. You must take them to a doctor to get the condition diagnosed. The doctor first asks for the symptoms related to the infection. The doctor will then check for high fever, rashes, and a coated tongue. The doctor will ask for medical history as well to confirm if there are any other complications. In addition, the doctor will suggest a blood test to diagnose typhoid fever. They may also suggest taking a stool or urine sample and testing it for bacteria to diagnose typhoid (9). Treatment of Typhoid in Children Treating typhoid in its early stages is important, or it can prove fatal. Your child’s doctor will suggest a blood test to diagnose the condition, and depending on the blood test result, they may suggest an antibiotic (10), which should ideally be taken daily for 7 days. You must ensure that your child takes the entire course of medicines even if they feel better. If you stop the course of treatment in between, chances are that some bacteria will remain in your child’s body, and they may fall sick again. Apart from giving your child medicines, the treatment of typhoid in children includes offering them plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. Make them stay home and rest until they recover completely and the bacteria is gone. A preventive vaccine can also be orally given along with a booster for children six years or older (11), but the best thing you can do is keep your child in a clean environment. Complications of Typhoid Fever in Children If the symptoms of typhoid or the infection are not addressed immediately, they can lead to several complications in children. If your child doesn’t get the antibiotics on time, it can prove fatal. Here are some complications that may arise if typhoid fever persists for a long time in your child. By the third week of the infection, the complications start to show very severely. One of them is internal bleeding in the digestive system (12). Internal bleeding leads to pale skin, breathlessness, vomiting blood, and passing dark or tar-like stools (12). Perforation is the splitting of a section in the intestines, which results in septic shock. This serious and dangerous complication may arise because of typhoid (12). What’s the Recommended Diet for Your Child With Typhoid? Children lose a lot of water during typhoid due to diarrhoea, vomiting, or sweating due to fever and extreme pain. Below are key dietary recommendations and restrictions to support their healing process during typhoid recovery. Recommended Foods & Fluids Increased Fluid Intake – Replenishing fluids helps maintain bodily functions and prevents dehydration. Breastfeeding & Formula – Breastfed infants should be fed on demand. For bottle-fed babies, offer formula milk every 30 minutes. Oral Rehydration Solutions (ORS) – Follow the doctor’s prescribed ORS dosage and schedule to restore electrolyte balance. Healthy Beverages – Offer buttermilk, homemade juices, and pasteurised cow’s milk (preferably low-fat or double-toned for older children). Foods & Drinks to Avoid Caffeinated beverages (coffee, tea, energy drinks) Packaged juices and processed drinks Can Typhoid Be Prevented? The first thing you should do is ensure your child washes their hands before and after eating and after using the toilet. They should follow healthy hygiene practices and stay in a clean, hygienic environment free of most infections. This doesn’t mean you do not allow your children to play outside, but you should take certain precautions to prevent typhoid. Offer them cooked food – Ensure your child eats only cooked food and nothing raw. For instance, if your child wants meat, cook it before giving it to them. They should not consume raw meat as it may lead to health problems. Avoid giving them street food and packaged food. Street vendors may cook food in unhygienic places, so you better avoid taking the risk. Raw fruits should also not be given to kids. While making a vegetable or vegetable curry for your child, clean the veggies well and cook them well before giving them to your child. Offer them only pasteurised dairy products and eggs when giving them dairy products (1). Ensure they have access to clean drinking water – As a parent, you are responsible for caring for your little one. You should take preventive measures to prevent your child from illnesses. You must ensure they drink only sterilised and clean water to prevent typhoid. You can even boil the water before giving it to your child (1). Ensure they wash their hands thoroughly – Ensure your child always washes their hands with soap and warm water after using the bathroom and before meals. You can also ask them to use a sanitiser if needed. Get them into the habit of washing hands and feet as soon as they step into the house after playing outdoors (1). When to Consult a Doctor Typhoid fever can be serious in kids, so it’s important to recognise warning signs early. Consult a doctor right away if your child shows any of the following: High fever (102°F/39°C or above) that lasts more than 2–3 days Severe stomach pain, vomiting, or refusal to eat/drink Diarrhoea or bloody stools Extreme weakness, drowsiness, or confusion No improvement after 3–4 days of home care Dehydration signs (dry mouth, no tears, peeing less) Travel to a typhoid-risk area (even if symptoms are mild) FAQs 1. Is typhoid fever still prevalent? Yes, according to a survey done by the World Health Organisation in 2019, over 9 million people contract typhoid, 110,000 of whom die annually. So, it is crucial to take all measures to prevent your child from contracting the disease (1). 2. Is there a vaccine for typhoid? Yes, three main types of typhoid vaccines can be administered: Typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), which can be injected in children from 6 months of age (13) Unconjugated polysaccharide vaccine for children aged two years and above (13) An oral vaccine in capsule formulation for those over six years of age (13) 3. Is typhoid contagious through toys or pets? No. Typhoid spreads only through contaminated food/water or close contact with an infected person’s faeces (e.g., poor handwashing). Pets don’t carry or transmit it. 4. Can typhoid fever cause unusual behaviour or hallucinations in kids? Yes! In severe cases, the bacteria can affect the brain (a condition called “typhoid encephalopathy”), leading to confusion, delirium, or even hallucinations. This is a medical emergency—seek help immediately if your child seems to be behaving differently. If typhoid is not treated well in time, it can lead to serious, life-threatening complications in your child. So, immediately take your child to a doctor if you notice any of the above symptoms. Also, maintain hygiene in your house to prevent it from spreading. Maintain hygiene and keep health problems at bay. Also Read: Encephalitis in Kids Kawasaki Disease in Kids Measles(Rubeola) in Children Combating Chronic Health Conditions in Children Read more

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Playground Safety for Children – Rules and Precautions

Well, firstly, there is no denying that ‘playing’, and ‘safety’ may sound quite ironic in general. What would playing be without some scars and bruises and a broken arm or leg, right? But jokes apart, if you want your children to not undergo a serious injury on the playground or, Heaven forbid, any sort of permanent damage ― physical or mental, then playground rules for kids are a must. What Is Playground Safety? Precaution is better than cure. We may not be able to forever dodge accidents of all kinds, but the best we can do is to avoid letting them happen. Any kinds of accidents and injuries on the playground can turn out to be a risk when you least expect it. So here’s a list of basic rules and tips for you and your kids to ensure a safe and enjoyable time on the playground. Why Is Playground Safety Important? Keeping playgrounds safe is really important to stop kids from getting hurt (1). Kids love to play and explore, but sometimes they can have accidents. Parents can help keep their kids safe by making sure the playground is safe and by watching out for them. This also teaches kids to be careful and learn how to stay safe while having fun. Playground Safety Rules Adult supervision and precaution are very important in protecting children from playground hazards. As true as that is, only that wouldn’t be enough to protect your kids all the time. Kids need to be taught and made to naturally take care of themselves and those around them while playing outside. Playground safety for kids ensures a long way in securing their physical and emotional well-being. Below are detailed and easy-to-understand and follow rules for the playground: 1. General Thumb-Rule for Yourself Inform your parents or guardians before going to a playground. Have an adult or some friends accompany you, and avoid going alone without informing anyone. Check the safety of the ground surface around the play equipment. Make sure there is cushioning to minimise harm if you fall. If you find any possibly dangerous objects, either carefully throw them away or ask an adult to do so. If this is risky, simply avoid playing in that area until it is clean and safe to play. Always try to land on your feet by bending your knees when you jump. Do not land on the ground on your knees. Avoid playing on wet equipment as this will make it slippery, and you may have more chances of getting hurt. Also, believe me, you don’t want to have skin burns. So, if you’re out to play in the sun, apply sunscreen before heading out. If the equipment is too hot, don’t play on it. Maybe evening would be a good time to compensate. To ensure playground health and safety, keep your shoelaces properly tied, so you don’t trip and fall. Try to wear as simple and comfortable clothes as you can, without any scarves, drawstrings, cords or loose ends that could get stuck or trapped in any equipment. Always check for your belongings before leaving the playground. Pick up your things and don’t leave them behind. 2. Safety Rules Involving Others  Do not get involved in violent fights or verbal or physical abuse. Never push other kids, and be careful that you are not causing anybody harm. If more kids want to play with the same equipment, be patient and wait for your turn. You can organise forming a line, so everybody gets their fair chance. Keep your bikes, cycles, bags, or any big stuff away from the play area as someone can stumble over it and get hurt. But keep your food and water nearby yet away from the play equipment in case you need it. It is good to play with other kids and make friends, but inform your parents or guardian if an adult stranger approaches you or asks you to do something. 3. Small Equipment Safety Rules  If you are playing with a ball or a frisbee, and it goes out of the playground, seek help from a grown-up in retrieving it. When playing with hoops, ropes and such small equipment, keep yourself away from the big equipment and play areas for older kids. Make sure the equipment you play with does not have sharp edges or splinters. While playing with a skipping rope, make sure your shoelaces are properly tied and do not wear scarves or any piece of clothing that can come in the way and cause you to fall. 4. Safety Measures of the Big Swing Do not go very near to the swing and keep a safe distance if someone is swinging. Hold on to the suspending chains with both hands. Do not swing too high. It is also dangerous to stand or kneel on the swing. It is very unsafe to jump off a moving swing. If you want to get off it, first slowly bring it to a halt. If you cannot start swinging by yourself, ask your parent or an adult to gently give you a push. 5. Slide Safety  While climbing the slide ladder, hold the handrail and step carefully one at a time. Don’t try to skip the steps, or you may get hurt. Be a good kid in a queue and let the one ahead of you slide down before you go. Don’t push other kids. Give them enough room. One important safety tip for slides is to make sure no one is present at the end of the slide, or you might kick or fall over them (2). After you slide, get away from the front end quickly if there are other kids in the queue behind you. Again, if the slide is too hot, don’t play on it. 6. School Playground Safety Kids’ safety tips in the playground at their schools include playing under the supervision of a teacher. While playing, understand and follow any instructions your teacher gives regarding equipment. If you are playing in groups in a designated area, do not leave that area without the teacher’s permission. Keep your water bottle and food away from the play area but within close reach. Don’t rush and run while leaving the playground. Form lines and retreat safely. 7. Seesaw Safety Tips This comes among the top of preschool playground rules. The spring-type seesaw is recommended for preschoolers. Choose to pair up with a kid about your own health, and only one child should sit in a single seat. Sit facing each other, not facing outside. Keep a straight back and hold the holders with both hands so you are balanced before you start playing. Maintain coordination with your partner and keep your feet to the sides, away from underneath the seat. Don’t try to climb into the middle of the see-saw, especially a moving one. 8. Safety Rules for Climbing Apparatus If the climbing apparatus of any kind is already crowded, wait for a while until there is enough free space. Use both hands while climbing and do not take the next step up unless you are balanced in your present position. Keep distance from the person in front of you and give them enough leg space so you don’t get a swinging leg. Never reach for bars and ropes too far or out of your reach. While climbing down, be careful not to hit others and make your way down slowly. 9. Fireman’s Pole Safety Rules  Hold the pole with both hands and wrap your legs around it as you slide down the pole. Before sliding down, always ensure that there is nobody at the bottom of the pole. While sliding down, don’t make too much direct and extreme skin contact with the pole, apart from your hands and feet. Let your body slide down light and easily. Bend your knees slightly and land on your feet on the ground. 10. Merry-Go-Round Safety Tips Merry-go-rounds are safer for kids aged 4 years and above. Younger children tend to fall off them more often. Never have the rotation speed of the merry-go-round too fast and out-of-control, neither before nor after you get on it. If you are old enough to operate the merry-go-round, bring it to spin and climb on to it, the most important thing is your hand grip strength and balance. Once you’re on it safely, keep holding on to the bars tightly and enjoy the thrill. If there are any pinch zones on the equipment, make sure your feet are away from them. Don’t put your feet down, or you might have them scrapped. If you start feeling dizzy, ask someone to bring the merry-go-round to a halt. Don’t try to jump off it while it is spinning. Playground Safety Precautions Here are some playground safety precautions to consider. 1. Precautions Before the Playing Begins Use sunscreen on your kids to protect them from sunburns. Also, use mosquito repellent if required. If you are accompanying your child, try to bring a basic first aid kit, glucose water, and some snacks. It is always better to make the proper sized and gripped shoes with tightly tied laces. Avoid taking them to playgrounds wearing slippers or flip-flops. Make it a habit for them to wear the simplest and most comfortable clothes when going out to play. And try not to worry about soiled clothes. 2. Supervision on the Playground Kids should play on equipment meant for their age. Keep younger kids away from play equipment meant for older kids and vice versa. Other important playground safety tips include adult supervision for surfaces and faulty equipment. Check for any rusted metal equipment or any screws, bolts sticking out or splintered wood equipment. Keep a watch on them while they run, jump, play or fight. 3. Choosing Appropriate Play Area for the Kids Depending on the age of your child, choose the right play equipment for them. There are mostly separate designated play areas for toddlers and older kids. Try to find the safest spots in terms of even and cushioned surfaces, if your kids are learning to walk. The bucket or baby swings are safest for young children aged above 1 year. Don’t let small kids play on the big slides as it can be dangerous. 4. Safe Surfaces for Playing  Ground cushioning is very important and should be shock absorbent. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, instead of surfaces like asphalt, gravel, concrete or dirt, impact-absorbing surfaces made of shredded rubber, wood chips, and sand and levelled surfaces like mats and smooth grounds are much safer for the kids (3). Surfaces should be free of trash or dangerous materials like broken glass or twisted metal. The sand should not be infested with bugs. The surfacing should extend to at least six feet in all directions. For swings, it should be double the height of the swings in length. Any loose-fill surface materials should be 12 inches deep for up to 8 feet high apparatus and should not be packed down. 5. Ensure Maintenance and Examination of the Playgrounds Inform the concerned authorities if the playground equipment is ill-maintained. If you find any serious risks such as harmful litter, rusted or broken equipment, pests and other dangers, report to an authorized body. Arrange for regular maintenance and examination of the playground by an authorized person. Must-Know Facts About Playground Safety for Children  Playground injuries contribute to more than 200,000 children receiving emergency medical treatment in hospitals every year. Severe playground injuries include fractures, dislocations, internal injuries and concussions. About 56% of playground injuries are fractures and abrasions. 70% of the injuries to kids happen on public playgrounds. 45% of playground injuries occur due to improper supervision. More than 75% of the total playground injuries have resulted due to falls. The most number of injuries are caused by swings to kids up to 4 years old. Four-year-olds are the victims of the most traumatic brain injuries. Nearly 70% of play-related deaths happen on home playgrounds. Statistics show that boys are more frequently injured than girls. The highest rate of injuries is found in children aged 5-9 years. Most injuries occur due to Monkey bars, climbing apparatus and swings. FAQs 1. Should teachers always be present while kids play on the ground? For the general safety of children in their formative school years, teachers should always supervise the children in the playground to avoid any accidents since they don’t know much about the safety rules of the playground and can accidentally hurt themselves. Similarly, at home, parents should supervise the children (1). 2. What if my child is bullied by another child in the playground? If you notice your child being bullied by another child, immediately stop the tussle and, as a calm and patient person, try to resolve the issue by guiding both parties. Teach the bully that teasing other children is a bad practice and teach the child who is being bullied to take a stand for themselves and be more courageous. 3. What if my child gets injured while playing on the ground? First and foremost, give first aid to your child. If your little one is injured by their own mistake, then you can take them directly to the doctor to check for any internal injuries. If the injury happened because of any malfunction of slides or in the ground, take a photograph of the issue and report the incident to the committee responsible for the care of the playground to prevent such incidents again. Parents can make their children learn, enjoy and develop their motor and vestibular skills on the playground by adopting some safety precautions for the kids. Also, teaching the kids about responsible behaviour on playgrounds makes them less likely to get hurt. References/Resources: 1. Playground Safety; Nemours KidsHealth; https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/playground.html 2. Playground Safety Guide; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/staying-healthy/playground-safety-guide/ 3. Playground Safety; American Academy of Pediatrics; https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Safety-on-the-Playground.aspx Also Read: Road Safety Rules for Kids Fire Safety Tips for Children Safety Rules at School for Kids Good Habits Parents Should Teach Their Kids Read more

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Head Injury in Children – Types, Causes & Prevention

Children of all ages are susceptible to head injuries. However, toddlers may be more vulnerable to head bumps while learning to crawl or walk. Bumps and superficial cuts on the head and face normally heal without much trouble. Even a minor cut on the head may bleed heavily, which can be distressing. But the injury may not be so serious and can usually be stopped with home care. But in case of internal head injury in children, it is difficult to tell whether the brain has suffered a concussion or a more serious grievance. This article will help you understand the types of head injuries, symptoms, and what you can do to treat them. What Is a Head Injury? Head injuries constitute one of the main reasons for disability and deaths in kids. The term head injury can broadly be used to describe the huge range of injuries that happen to the skull, scalp, brain and the blood vessels, muscles, bones and tissues in the head of the child (1). In simpler terms, any trauma or injury inflicted on to any structure of the head can be called a head injury. A head injury may be a slight bump, bruise or a minor cut on the head, or a more traumatic brain injury (TBI) because of a concussion, open (penetrating) wound, a deep cut, internal bleeding, or fractured skull bones. Types of Head Injuries Head injuries may be of two types – internal head injuries and external head injuries. Internal injuries are normally related to the brain or skull, including the blood vessels inside the skull, whereas external injuries may usually concern the scalp (2). 1. Internal Head Injury Our brain is cushioned by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to prevent damage to it. But in case the head suffers a serious blow, it can knock the brain or cause injury to the blood vessels, muscles or bones of the skull. Therefore, internal head injuries are usually considered serious and can also be life-threatening. Symptoms In case the child shows the following symptoms after suffering an internal head injury, call the doctor immediately. Some of the symptoms can be: The child remains unconscious for several seconds Heavy bleeding which shows no signs of reducing or stopping The child suffers a seizure The child experiences partial numbness or weakness in the body Disturbed speech and vision (double vision) The child is unable to recall the incident or repeatedly asks the same questions Abnormal breathing What You Can Do First and foremost, it is important to remain calm after the child has had an accident. Maintaining calm will help you assess the situation properly. It may not be easy to establish the possible extent of damage in case of an internal head injury. Hence, it is always sensible to consult a doctor. It is also advisable to observe your child for the next 24 hours after the accident for any worrying signs. You may like to refrain from giving any medication to your child on your own without consulting the doctor. If your child is conscious, try your best to calm your child as much as possible. Avoid applying direct pressure to the injury. It can be detrimental in case there is a fracture. In case the child is vomiting, turn him onto his side to prevent choking. If your child is unconscious, avoid moving your child. Keep his head and neck straight to avoid any likely damage to the spine or neck. If there is a seizure, loosen any clothing that may be tight, especially around the neck. Check your child’s body for any injuries to provide first aid and call or visit the doctor immediately. 2. External Head Injury External head injuries, even insignificant cuts tend to bleed a lot as the scalp and face have numerous blood vessels very close to the skin’s surface. In case of a blow or injury to the head, blood or fluid from the veins of the scalp may leak and get collected under the scalp leading to swelling or a “goose egg” on the head. The bump may take several days to subside and disappear. Symptoms In the occurrence of an external head injury, a child may display the following symptoms: A severe headache Recurrent vomiting Loss of consciousness for a few seconds Bruising around eyes or behind ears Difficulty in talking and walking normally Clear fluid or blood flowing from nose or ears Swelling or “dent” in the head What You Can Do In case of any bleeding, applying pressure over the wound with a clean bandage or cloth for some time may be helpful. But if the cut is significant, medical intervention may be required. Placing a cold compress on a bump may prove useful in relieving bruising and swelling of the skin. It may also help in easing out some of the pain. When applying an ice pack, wrapping it in a clean, soft cloth can be a good idea. Putting ice directly on the bare wound may injure it further. Refrain from removing any object that may have gotten wedged in the wound. Observe your child for the next 24 hours. If your child wants to sleep after the injury, he may do so, but keep a constant check on him while he sleeps. If he shows any symptoms of an internal injury or you feel something is unusual, call the doctor instantly. Causes of Head Injury in a Child Head injuries in children are common and can occur due to various accidents or falls. While most are minor, some can be serious, so understanding the causes helps in prevention (3). Toddlers and young children often fall from beds, stairs, playground equipment, or while running. Collisions or sudden stops can cause head trauma, even if the child is in a car seat. Contact sports like football or cycling without a helmet can lead to head injuries. Accidents involving heavy toys, balls, or falling objects can harm a child’s head. Violent shaking or blows to the head can cause severe brain damage. Riding without a helmet or losing balance can result in head injuries. Diagnosis of Head Injury in Kids Head injuries in children can range from mild bumps to serious trauma, requiring prompt evaluation. Doctors use a combination of physical exams, symptom assessment, and imaging tests to determine the severity and necessary treatment (4). Medical History & Symptom Check – The doctor will ask about how the injury happened and look for signs like vomiting, dizziness, or loss of consciousness. Physical Neurological Exam – Tests for balance, reflexes, pupil response, and coordination help assess brain function. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) – A scoring system (eye, verbal, and motor responses) to measure the severity of brain injury. CT Scan (Computed Tomography) – Used in moderate to severe cases to detect bleeding, skull fractures, or brain swelling. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) – Provides detailed images of the brain, often used for ongoing symptoms or subtle injuries. Observation & Monitoring – For mild cases, doctors may recommend watching the child for worsening symptoms over 24-48 hours. Complications of a Head Injury in Children While most head injuries in kids are mild, some can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly. Recognising these risks and complications helps ensure timely medical intervention and better recovery (5). Concussion Symptoms (Post-Concussion Syndrome) – Persistent headaches, dizziness, memory problems, or mood changes lasting weeks or months after the injury. Brain Bleeding (Haemorrhage) – Internal bleeding (epidural/subdural hematoma) can increase pressure on the brain, requiring emergency surgery. Skull Fractures – A cracked skull may damage brain tissue or lead to infections like meningitis if left untreated. Seizures – Some children develop seizures immediately or even months after a traumatic brain injury. Cognitive & Behavioural Changes – Trouble concentrating, learning difficulties, irritability, or personality shifts due to brain damage. Long-Term Neurological Damage – Severe injuries can cause permanent motor skill issues, speech problems, or developmental delays. Ways to Prevent Head Injuries in Kids Here are some of the ways to prevent head injuries in kids: Make sure your kid wears suitable protective gear while playing sports. Ensure your kid wears a seatbelt while travelling in a vehicle. Childproofing your house may help in preventing household accidents. Refrain from slapping or violently shaking your baby in anger to avert baby head injury. Be aware of your kid’s abilities and try and anticipate the risk factors for him. It pays to be smart and to be one step ahead of your child. What Is a Concussion? A concussion may occur when the head suffers a closed injury. A closed injury refers to a head injury which does not breach the skull but temporarily alters the normal brain functioning. The injury may be the result of a fall, a hard blow or violent shaking. Recurrent concussions can cause permanent damage to the brain. Some of the signs of concussion in a baby can be blurred vision, slurred speech, dizziness, vomiting, temporary memory loss, headaches, and difficulty in balancing. But usually, most of the effects of a concussion are temporary, and a child may recover completely after some time without any long-term damage (6). When to Consult the Doctor While many head injuries in children are minor, some require urgent medical attention. Contact your doctor or seek immediate emergency care (or go to the ER) if your child has: They seem dizzy or confused Have a headache that won’t go away Are unusually sleepy Passed out (even briefly) Vomited more than once Trouble walking or talking A seizure One pupil is bigger than the other FAQs 1. Can a head injury cause sudden personality changes in a child? Yes, even mild traumatic brain injuries can sometimes lead to irritability, mood swings, or uncharacteristic behaviour due to subtle brain inflammation or concussion effects. 2. Do delayed symptoms appear days after a head injury? In rare cases, symptoms like dizziness, memory issues, or sleep disturbances may emerge 24–72 hours later, especially with concussions. Close monitoring is key. When to seek medical help and how to provide first aid are the most likely questions asked by parents when it comes to children’s head injuries. It is natural to worry about head injuries, but, it is important to understand that most of these head injuries are minor and may not possibly result in any serious complications. It is very rare that a child suffers a significant head injury which can cause brain injury or internal bleeding. References/Resources: 1. Johns Hopkins Medicine – Head Injury 2. Cleveland Clinic – Head Injury 3. Cedars Sinai – Head Injury 4. Nationwide Children’s Hospital – Head Injury in Children 5. NHS – Head injury in children 6. Mayo Clinic – Concussion Also Read: Chest Pain in Kids Tips for Headache in Kids Childhood Hearing Loss First-Aid for Common Injuries for Kids Read more

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Using Nasal Sprays for Babies and Kids – Are They Safe?

No parents like to see their child suffer. It breaks their hearts when they see their child in intense pain. Even the most common things, like a blocked nose, could sometimes become highly uncomfortable and painful for babies. If you see your child suffering from a blocked nose and struggling for every breath, you will want to do everything you can to help him. A nasal spray is one of the most talked-about solutions for nasal blockages. There are many nasal sprays for kids available on the market that can relieve a blocked nose, but are these sprays safe for children? Let’s find out! Nasal Congestion in Children Nasal congestion is caused by nose tissues irritated by an allergen, infection, smoke, adenoids, medication or dust. It is marked by inflammation or swelling of the nose lining, production of mucus, difficulty breathing, sneezing, cough, and headaches (1). Nasal congestion spray for kids is often used as a method of quick relief from discomfort. What Are Nasal Sprays? Nasal sprays are liquid medications you spray in your nose (2). They are a short-term solution that provides instant relief from congested nasal passages caused by colds, sinus infections, and allergies. Although nasal sprays offer immediate relief, they should not be used for more than three days in a row (3). Also, they should not be used for infants unless specifically prescribed by a doctor (4). Types of Nasal Sprays Three types of nasal sprays are used on the severity of the blockage. Here’s what each one of them is used for: 1. Saline Nasal Sprays Saline nasal sprays are made of salt water and do not contain any medication. Salt water nasal sprays for babies help loosen excess mucus in the nasal passage. It also moisturises the passage and relieves the blockage, improving breathing (5). 2. Nasal Decongestant Sprays These provide relief pretty quickly as they contain chemical medications. Decongestant nasal sprays work by narrowing the tiny blood vessels in your nose and reducing the swelling. If used for more than three to four days in a row, they tend to have the opposite effect and can worsen the congestion once the medication’s effects wear off. You can purchase these with a doctor’s prescription (5). 3. Steroid Nasal Sprays Steroid nasal sprays are used to treat nasal blockages due to allergic rhinitis. They have an anti-inflammatory effect and are comparatively more complained about as only one dose of the medication can last up to 12 hours. However, they should be used only after your doctor prescribes them (5). 4. Nasal Antihistamine Sprays Similar to oral antihistamines, these sprays are used to treat runny noses caused by allergies. They do so by blocking histamine. However, they can leave a bitter taste in the mouth (5). 5. Nasal Anticholinergic Sprays They are used to treat people suffering from allergenic and non-allergenic rhinitis. They block acetylcholine, which decreases glandular secretions in the nasal passage. Their side effects include dry mouth and a bad taste (5). 6. Nasal Cromolyn Sodium Sprays This helps with sneezing, runny nose, and congestion caused by allergies by inhibiting mast cells. Its side effects include a nasal burning sensation and a bad taste in the mouth (5). Are Nasal Sprays Safe for Children? You may be wondering, “Is nasal spray safe for babies?” While most decongestant nasal sprays can provide immediate relief to your child, sometimes they may have a negative effect, too. They might worsen the congestion once you stop the medication. Certain nasal sprays should not be used on children under six (6). That’s why it is always recommended to use saline nasal sprays for babies, as they do not contain any medication. Thus, not all nasal sprays are safe for your baby, and some might have side effects. In the rest of the article, we’ve addressed some common concerns/ questions about using nasal sprays for babies and kids. Do Allergic Nasal Sprays Affect a Child’s Growth? Some children need to use nasal sprays to manage the symptoms of their allergies. These are often steroid sprays, which are known to affect the child’s growth. Allergic rhinitis is the most prevalent allergy that requires the use of these nasal sprays. The sprays containing the ingredient beclomethasone are known to slow the growth rate in children (7). However, if the nasal spray has Nasonex (mometasone) as the main active ingredient, it makes the spray harmless and does not impact the child’s growth. How to Use Nasal Sprays? No child will enjoy someone squirting something up their nose, but sometimes you don’t have a choice as a parent. Follow these simple steps to using a nasal spray for baby: For Babies Babies cannot blow their noses; hence, the parents must remove the mucus blocking their nasal passage. Here are some ways to go about it (8): Keep a nasal spray, towel, an aspirator and some tissues handy. Lay your baby in your lap – his head on your knees and feet pointing to your belly. Be gentle as you spray one or two drops into his nostrils. Wait a few seconds for the spray to start working and loosen the excess mucus. Close the other nostril and then, using a fully compressed aspirator, suck out all the mucus. Discard the mucus into the towel or sink, and then wipe off your baby’s nose with a tissue. Repeat the process on the other nostril. Do not touch the spray nozzle directly to your baby’s nose, which can spread germs. For Older Kids Older kids can resist better against things they don’t like. But, if you are gentle while administering the spray to your child, even this can go smoothly (9). Support your seated child with one arm and use the other hand to administer the drops. Ask your child to tilt his head back slightly. Ask your child to breathe and then squirt one drop into each nostril. Do not touch the spray to your child’s nose, as the infection may spread. Once you know the mucus is loosening up, help your child blow his nose. If using a nasal spray sounds intimidating, your baby hasn’t shown improvement, or he just won’t let you spray, you could try some of the alternatives given below. What are the Side Effects of Nasal Spray on Children? While nasal spray temporarily relieves congestion in children, it might have some problematic side effects that you should watch out for. These include (10): Headache Nose/throat irritation with medication dripping down to the throat Coughing Upset stomach/vomiting Nosebleeds Temporary stinging In case you notice the following symptoms, consult a doctor immediately (10): Allergic reactions like itching, hives, swollen, red, blistered, peeling skin accompanied by dizziness, fever, tightness in the chest, difficulty breathing, swelling on any part of the face, and wheezing Sever face pain Change in vision Redness or white patches in mouth or throat. Crusty nose Bone Pain Abnormal nose discharge Fever and chills Alternatives to Nasal Sprays to Relieve Nasal Congestion in a Child Not everyone is a fan of nasal sprays. If you are not sure how often to use saline nasal sprays for babies or toddlers, there are alternative methods you can use to help your child get rid of congestion: Steam – Steam is an age-old remedy for treating nasal congestion. You can use a vaporiser during bedtime or a makeshift sauna in the bathroom. Steam helps loosen the mucus, thereby relieving nasal congestion. Warm Baths – Warm baths can help divert the baby’s mind and relieve the blockage. Run a hot shower to accumulate steam, which will also help clear the blockage to some extent. Warm Liquids – Warm liquids like chicken soup also help with decongestion. You can also feed your child soups rich in vitamin C, like tomato soup, broccoli soup, lemon and coriander soup, etc., to help provide some relief. Healthy Diet – Many babies experience nasal congestion due to cold, which is common among those with a low immune system. If your baby has moved on to solid foods, you must incorporate foods that help build his immunity. If your baby is still breastfeeding, you must eat healthy to pass down all the nutrients to your little one through breast milk. FAQs 1. Will nasal spray affect my child’s sleep? If your kid suffers from Obstructive Sleep Apnea, a nasal spray might be a quick solution to help them sleep better (11).  2. Is a nasal spray useful to treat post-nasal drip in children? The feeling of mucus collecting in your throat after dripping from the back of your nose is called post-nasal drip. While nasal sprays might be helpful in aiding this condition, it is best to consult your doctor for expert medical advice before doing so (12). As mentioned above, babies have an underdeveloped immune system. Hence, they may catch a cold easily. If you follow the guidelines, administering nasal sprays to your child will become easy. If you do not prefer sprays, try one of the alternate methods. But remember, never self-medicate your child and always ensure a paediatrician validates the alternative methods before you try them. These preventive measures will help you ensure your baby does not undergo another set of medical issues and recovers soon. References/Resources: 1. Nasal Congestion; Cleveland Clinic; https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17980-nasal-congestion#symptoms-and-causes 2. Nasal Sprays: How to Use Them Correctly; Family Doctor; https://familydoctor.org/nasal-sprays-how-to-use-them-correctly/ 3. Take Care with Nasal Decongestant Sprays; University of Rochester Medical Center; https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=56&contentid=2914 4. Take Care with Nasal Sprays; Nationwide Children’s; https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/family-resources-library/take-care-with-nasal-sprays 5. You Want Me To Spray What Up My Nose?; The American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy; https://www.aaoallergy.org/you-want-me-to-spray-what-up-my-nose-%EF%BB%BF/; June 2019 6. Latham, G.J., and Jardine, D.S.; Oxymetazoline and hypertensive crisis in a child: can we prevent it?; Paediatr Anaesth; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23679077/; October 2013 7. Sharek, P. J., & Bergman, D. A.; Beclomethasone for asthma in children: effects on linear growth; The Cochrane database of systematic reviews; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7027996/; 2000 8. Using a Nasal Spray for your Child; Nationwide Children’s; https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/health-wellness-and-safety-resources/resources-for-parents-and-kids/how-to-use-an-epipen/epinephrine-myths-and-facts/using-a-nasal-spray-for-your-child 9. Here’s Help: How To Use Nasal Spray Or Drops For Your Child; New York Presbyterian; https://www.nyp.org/healthlibrary/multimedia/here-s-help-how-to-use-nasal-spray-or-drops-for-your-child 10. Fluticasone (Nasal); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/medications/pediatric/fluticasone-nasal 11. Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Nemours Kid’s Health; https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/apnea.html 12. Post-nasal Drip; ENT Health; https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/post-nasal-drip/ Also Read:  Nose Picking in Children Clean your Baby’s Nose Nose Bleeding in Kids Read more

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