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As per the ‘old-school’ way of parenting, giving cow’s milk or buffalo’s milk to toddlers is common, especially in India. Whenever a mother decides to wean her baby off breast milk, she is usually suggested to introduce cow’s milk as the main drink to her toddler, and for good reasons, of course. Milk is known to strengthen the bones and teeth in children and is a very nutritious drink. But many new parents today consider giving milk alternatives to their kids for various reasons. And medical reasons might make milk alternatives necessary, however, the worry of balanced nutrition is pretty real in parents’ minds. Not every milk alternative can provide the same nutrition that a child can get from cow’s milk, but if you have to give milk alternatives to your child for one reason or the other, find out what milk alternatives would be the best. When to Give Milk Alternatives to Your Child Doctors usually suggest milk alternatives for toddlers with allergies or lactose intolerance. Kids who are allergic to milk proteins or are lactose intolerant may have trouble synthesizing the nutrition present in the milk, and can even face various side effects. In these cases, parents may have no choice but to give milk alternatives to their toddlers. Best Milk Alternatives for Toddlers Today, you will find a range of options in milk alternatives to choose from and it can be difficult for you to decide which would be the best for your child. Each alternative has some benefits to offer over traditional milk, but they are not a complete solution and might fall short in different ways. We have suggested some milk alternatives for toddlers (with their pros and cons to help you make an informed choice), which you can consider after checking with your child’s paediatrician. 1. Rice Milk This type of milk is a popular milk that is derived from the grains of rice. Pros For children who suffer from numerous allergies and are susceptible to reactions from different types of milk, rice milk is the safest option in that regard. There are extremely rare chances of any child developing any allergy towards rice milk. Furthermore, the majorly neutral taste that it has allows it to be used in various preparation as well. Cons Rice milk doesn’t have any particular taste as such and hence kids may throw tantrums when rice milk is offered to them. At the same time, when compared with the same quantities of other milk alternatives, rice milk has a far larger amount of carbohydrates but quite a low amount of fat and proteins. 2. Coconut Milk Coconut milk is a popular option in India. Coconut milk is acquired from grating and pulping a matured coconuts. Pros Coconut milk is a great choice for kids who suffer from traditional milk allergies. This creamy milk is rich in calcium, magnesium, and manganese. Cons While coconut milk is rich in fats and other vitamins, the proportion of proteins and calcium in its constitution is not as much as it should be, when compared with the traditional milk. This can put kids at a risk of deficiency, which makes it necessary to complement the intake of coconut milk with other sources that provide the missing elements. 3. Almond Milk A highly prized type of milk-based on plant sources, almond milk, is generally obtained by blending almonds and water. Pros The ease of preparation of almond milk is the greatest advantage it brings. If you want to give it to your child, you should give homemade almond milk.  Cons Since the only source of nutrition in this milk is from almonds, there is a huge gap when it comes to satisfying the daily requirement of proteins and even saturated fats. While many commercial milk brands fortify their products with these elements, it becomes essential to complement them via other sources in the child’s diet. 4. Soy Milk Soy milk is one of the highest-selling and popular alternatives to traditional milk. Soybeans are soaked and ground together, then boiled and filtered to obtain the milk. Pros The popularity of this milk has made it the go-to choice for many people, and its ease of availability makes it easy to give it to your child at any point in time. The constitution of this milk is quite close to that of the traditional milk from the cow, which is why many families opt for using this milk in other preparation items as well. Cons Soy allergies are not unheard of, and if your child suffers from it as well, this milk will obviously be a bad choice. Although many brands fortify their soy milk products with calcium and Vitamin D, the amount of fortification may not be enough for your kid. Checking the value on the label should help you ascertain what’s right for your child. 5. Lactose-Free Milk By introducing an enzyme in traditional milk that helps break down that protein, lactose-free milk is obtained easily. Pros There is barely any difference between cow’s milk and the lactose-free equivalent of it. The nutritional constitution is identical, and the taste is usually a tad sweeter than the original. Cons Many commercial brands market their milk products as “lactose-free” but make use of plant-based sources or other elements for the actual milk. Furthermore, this milk is not useful for children who are allergic to other elements present in the milk or are lactose-intolerant. How to Decide Which Is the Best Milk Alternative for Toddlers When deciding the right type of milk alternative for your little one, here are some factors you should keep in your mind. The nutritional requirement based on his age The typical diet of the child Financial choice of opting for fortified milk Choosing among different milk alternatives for babies or toddlers should be governed by the very reason why you are opting for one. It is best to go with a choice that is as close as possible to the cow’s milk. The best option would be consulting a nutritionist or doctor for the same and making the right choice for your child. Also Read: How to Make your Child Drink Milk? Read more

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14 Iron Rich Foods for Babies and Toddlers

The beneficial properties of iron for babies are many. From promoting adequate growth and development to keeping anaemia at bay, iron is an essential nutrient that ensures proper health and well-being. Most babies do not need any kind of iron supplements until they are at least four months of age. This is because all babies get plenty of iron from their mothers during the final trimester of pregnancy. If your baby is born prematurely, then there is a possibility that he may suffer from an iron deficiency. This can also happen if you were diabetic or had poor nutrition during pregnancy. Importance of Iron for the Body Iron is an essential nutrient needed for proper growth and development. It aids proper functioning of the body by helping the blood transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and the muscles to store and use oxygen. Essentially, iron is the main component of healthy blood, and a deficiency in iron can cause anaemia, which affects core functions in the child’s body. Symptoms of an Iron Deficiency You may notice the following symptoms if your child has an iron deficiency. Pale skin Poor appetite Constant fatigue Abnormal breathing Delayed growth and development Frequent illnesses How Much Iron Do a Baby and Toddler Need? You will be surprised to know that babies are born with a reserve of iron, which they get from their mother’s blood while they are in the womb. For the first six months after delivery, the breastfed babies get everything they need from their mother’s milk. If breastfeeding is not an option for your baby, you can also use store-bought iron-fortified infant formula for the first 9 to 12 months. This formula should be cow’s milk-based. Once your little one starts eating solid foods, the amount of iron they need depends on their age, which is: Age Amount of Iron per say (Recommended Daily Allowance) 7 to 12 months 11 mg 1 to 3 years 7 mg Iron-Rich Foods You Can Include in Your Baby and Toddler’s Diet There are two categories of iron-rich foods – heme and non-heme. Heme originates from haemoglobin and is usually found in animal products, especially poultry and meat. Heme-iron is absorbed by the body quicker than non-heme iron. There are plenty of non-vegetarian and vegetarian iron-rich foods for babies to try out. Here is a compilation of iron-rich food for babies and toddlers. 1. Meat and Poultry These are great sources of heme iron, especially red meats and liver. Try to remove all the fatty parts of the meat before cooking, as they do not contain any iron. You should cook the meat well before feeding it to your baby. Else, it can be difficult for them to chew and digest easily. Furthermore, meat and poultry should be included in a baby’s diet only after he turns 8 months of age. 2. Egg Yolks Yet another of the good sources of iron for toddlers and infants alike, eggs are easily available and easy to cook and eat. Try to incorporate egg yolks into various recipes. This guarantees that your child gets a healthy dose of iron regularly without having to eat the same thing every day. Caramel custard or custard flan are some delicious options for desserts that include egg yolks. If you do want to include egg yolk in your child’s diet, do it after he turns 10 months of age. 3. Red Rice Excellent sources of non-heme iron-rich foods for infants, these varieties of rice might not appeal to your child if simply cooked. Try to add some flavour to it by stirring in vegetables, eggs, or meat depending on your food habits. 4. Beans Almost all varieties of beans are rich in iron. Lentils, kidney beans, chickpeas, and soybeans are just some examples. You can steam the beans and flavour them with some salt and mild spices before offering them to your child. You can also mix them with meat or rice. 5. Sweet Potatoes and Potatoes In order to retain most of the iron in potatoes, be sure to cook them with the skin on. Baked and steamed potatoes or sweet potatoes are a favourite with most children. You can also slice them to resemble french fries, as this will also help your child grip them easily when self-feeding. Mashed potatoes are another favourite. 6. Seafood There is no denying that seafood is a source of various nutrients essential to your child including iron. Tuna, clams, and shrimp are the best sources of iron. You can cook these in a variety of ways and feed them to your child on a regular basis. However, be aware that some children can be allergic to specific seafood, so introduce these to your child with care. 7. Peanut Butter A favourite with a large number of kids, peanut butter, is packed with iron. Using it with whole bread will make it a healthy snack at all times. You can also try out peanut butter cookies for a special treat. Using enriched flour or oatmeal helps you increase the healthy-eating quotient. 8. Tofu A great meat substitute for vegetarians, tofu contains a significant amount of iron. You can cut tofu into strips and sauté them before offering it to your child, alongside a dip. It can also be consumed by children who are lactose-intolerant. 9. Prune and Cranberry Juice These are some of the few fruit juices with rich iron content. Their sweet taste is bound to appeal to children, but be sure not to give them more than one glass per day. These juices are also good for urinary tract health and prevent constipation. They contain no fat or cholesterol. 10. Dried Seeds A great snack during travel or after playtime, dried seeds are fun to munch on. Sunflower, pumpkin, and sesame are just some of the seeds that contain iron in significant amounts. You can also try to make a granola bar out of these or use them as garnishing in puddings and other sweet treats to make it interesting. 11. Dried Fruits Dried dates, apricots, prunes, and raisins all contain a large amount of iron. They make for extremely healthy snacks to chew when your child is hungry or simply wants something to munch on. Encouraging your child to reach for dried fruits whenever they want a snack is one good habit you might want to continue into adulthood. 12. Green Leafy Veggies You might find it difficult to get your children to finish up green veggies when served raw or steamed. Spinach, broccoli, collards and kale are rich in iron and many other essential nutrients. You could blend these into a paste and use them in gravies, soups or dips. Add some flavour with spices if required. 13. Tomatoes If your child refuses to eat fresh tomatoes cut into nice little cubes, try drying it under the sun or inside an oven. Then you can make sauces and soups out of it. Spaghetti with tomato sauce and mildly-flavoured tomato soup are sure to be a hit with your child. 14. Green Peas Peas are one of the kids’ favourite foods as they love to pick them up using their little fingers and put them in their mouths. This green vegetable is an excellent source of protein, fibre, iron, and other nutrients. You can prepare several dishes using green peas for your child. Best Iron-Rich Food Recipe Ideas for Babies and Toddlers Once your child is about six months old, you can start giving them solid foods. Make sure to choose foods that contain iron. Here are some iron-rich food recipes for your little one. Breakfast or Snack Ideas Simple and easy to prepare iron-rich breakfast or snack ideas for kids. 1. Apple and Oats Pancake Ingredients: Apple puree Rolled oats Milk Baking powder Maple syrup Vanilla Baking soda Instructions: Blend oats until fine. Add the remaining ingredients and again blend until smooth. Make sure the mixture is thick. Drop some batter onto a medium-heat greased pan. Look for bubbles to burst on the surface, and then flip the pancakes. Once done, remove the pancake from the heat and add maple syrup on the top and serve. 2. Chickpea and Oat Crackers Ingredients: 400g chickpeas 1 cup rolled oats 2 cloves garlic 1 tablespoon lemon juice Salt ¼ cup olive oil Instructions: Rinse and drain the chickpeas and add to a food processor. Blend until smooth. Add the rolled oats and continue to blend properly. Add garlic, lemon juice and salt to it for seasoning. Gradually add olive oil and continue to blend until everything comes together as a ball. Place the dough on a baking tray and press it with your hands to start flattening it. Place a second piece of baking paper on top of it, using a rolling pin, and roll until it is evenly spread. Score the dough into cracker-shaped pieces and prick the centre of each cracker using a fork. Bake it at 180 degrees Celsius for 40-50 minutes until golden brown. Leave it to cool and serve. 3. Zucchini Slice Ingredients: Eggs Zucchini Bacon Flour Baking powder Onion Cheese Instructions: Preheat the oven to 180 degrees Celsius and add baking paper to the container. Whisk the eggs in a bowl and add the flour and baking powder to it, and whisk. Add finely dice the onion to the mixture. Grate the zucchini and remove the excess liquid from it. Add it to the mixture. Add diced bacon and grated cheese to the mixture. Pour the mixture into the lined container and bake for 40-45 minutes. Cut it into slices and serve. Lunch or Dinner Ideas (Non-Vegetarian) Simple and easy to prepare iron-rich non-vegetarian lunch or dinner ideas for kids. 1. Spinach Crepes Ingredients: 3 eggs ¾ cup arrowroot powder ¼ brown rice flour 1 cup plant-based milk 1 tbsp coconut flour 30g baby spinach 1 tbsp olive oil 1 tsp sea salt Olive oil Instructions: Crack the eggs into a blender and process. Add the other ingredients and process on high until completely smooth. Pour this batter into a jug and leave it in the fridge for 20 minutes. Heat a frying pan over medium-high heat and add a few drops of olive oil. Whisk the batter and add around ¼ cup of the mixture into the pan. Flip it over once cooked from one side and let the other side turn golden brown. Serve. 2. Korma Egg Curry With Spinach and Chickpeas Ingredients: 2 tbs canola oil 1 brown onion, peeled and diced 1/3 cup korma curry paste 1/3 cup tomato paste 1 1/4 cups water 1/3 cup light coconut cream 400g can chickpeas, rinsed and drained 120g baby spinach leaves 8 hard-boiled eggs Instructions: Place a saucepan over the heat and add oil and onion. Cook it for about 5 minutes or until softened. Add curry and tomato paste to it and cook gently for 1-2 minutes. Add water, coconut cream, and chickpeas and cook for 5 minutes. Stir in the spinach and cook until it’s wilted. Add the eggs to the curry and stir gently to coat them. Garnish with coriander and serve with roti. 3. Lamb Lollipop Ingredients: 16 lamb riblets 3 tbs parmesan 1/2 cup cornflour 3 eggs 1 cup panko-dried breadcrumbs 1/4 cup parsley and mint Olive oil Instructions: Cut between the rib bones on your riblet rack and scrape away some of the fat nearest to the bottom of the bone on each rib bone. Peel the lamb up the bone to form a little ball at the end of the rib. Combine the parmesan, cornflour, panko crumbs and parsley in a bowl. Lightly whisk eggs in a separate bowl. Dip each lollipop into the whisked egg and then cover in the crumb. Fry the lamb lollipop until golden brown and serve. Lunch or Dinner Ideas (Vegetarian) Simple and easy to prepare iron-rich vegetarian lunch or dinner ideas for kids. 1. Pumpkin Dhal Ingredients: 1 tbs olive oil 1 onion, diced 2 cloves garlic, crushed 2cm cube ginger, grated 1/2 long thin red chilli, finely sliced 1/2 tsp cumin seeds 1/2 tsp ground turmeric 1/2 tsp ground coriander 1/2 tsp garam masala 1/2 small butternut pumpkin, cubed 1 x 400g can no-added-salt chopped tomatoes 1 cup red split lentils, drained and rinsed 3 cups water Instruction: Heat oil in a pan and add onion, garlic and ginger to it. Cook for 2-3 minutes. Add in chilli and spices. Add pumpkin, tinned tomatoes, lentils and two cups of water. Let it cook for 18 minutes. Use the back of a spoon to break apart pumpkin cubes. Add one cup of water and stir through to warm up. Serve immediately, dolloped with yoghurt. 2. Sweet Potato, Broccoli, Zucchini Mash Ingredients: 2 tsp olive oil 350 g sweet potato 1 potato 1 small parsnip 1 large zucchini 100 g small broccoli florets Instructions: Heat the oil and add in sweet potato, potato and parsnip. Add 1/2 cup of water and bring to the boil. Simmer it for 10 minutes. Add zucchini and broccoli to it and stir well. Let it cook until the vegetables are tender. Remove it from heat and mash to desired consistency, and serve. 3. Spinach Muffins Ingredients: Flour Spinach Applesauce Oil or butter Milk Maple syrup Spices Baking soda and powder Salt Instructions: In a bowl, add the dry ingredients. Whisk the flour, baking soda and powder, salt, and cinnamon until well incorporated. In a blender, add the spinach, milk, applesauce, oil, and maple syrup. Blend everything until completely smooth. Pour the above spinach mixture into the dry ingredients and stir until combined. Do not over mix. Scoop the batter into muffin tins and bake for 12-14 minutes. Serve hot. FAQs 1. Does Your Baby Need to Take Iron Supplement? A breastfeeding baby, for the first four months, does not need any additional iron. The iron in a baby’s body at birth is enough for its initial growth. At four months of age, babies who are partially or completely breastfeeding should be supplemented with 1 mg per day of oral iron until appropriate iron-containing complementary foods are introduced into their diet. 2. Can Babies Get Enough Iron From Vegetarian Food/Diet? Yes. There are many vegetarian sources of iron that are great for babes. Potato, broccoli & peas are some of the super vegetarian sources of iron. 3. Should You Worry If Your Baby or Toddler Getting Too Much Iron? Excessive iron intake can be toxic to babies or toddlers and can cause serious health problems. These problems include decreased growth, increased illness, altered gut microbiota to more pathogenic bacteria, increased inflammatory markers, and impaired cognitive and motor development. Therefore, only the recommended daily intake of iron should be given to a baby or a toddler. Babies who are being breastfed or given infant formula fortified with iron do not require any iron supplements. Toddlers who eat a well-balanced diet, with enough iron sources included, also do not need any supplementation either. Poor iron content in children can lead to distracted focus and causes them to feel tired and weak. So, try to incorporate at least a couple of iron-rich food into your baby’s daily diet. Resources/References: 1. Iron needs of babies and children; National Library of Medicine; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2528681/; April 2007 2. Iron; cdc.gov; https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/infantandtoddlernutrition/vitamins-minerals/iron.html 3. Where We Stand: Vitamin D & Iron Supplements for Babies; healthychildren.org; https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/Vitamin-Iron-Supplements.aspx 4. Vegetarian and vegan feeding guide for babies; pregnancybirthbaby.org.au; https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/vegetarian-and-vegan-feeding-guide-for-babies 5. Excess iron intake as a factor in growth, infections, and development of infants and young children; Bo Lönnerdal; National Library of Medicine; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5701711/; October 2017 Also Read: Finger Foods for Babies Read more

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Foods to Eat & Avoid During Cold and Cough for Babies, Toddlers and Kids

If your bundle of joy has a cold and cough, it must be really hard for you to see him suffer. Your child may have a poor appetite during this time and he may even refuse to eat. But not getting adequate nutrition can slow down his body’s natural response to fight infection. You must make sure that he eats the right food to get him immune system back on track. Read this article to find out which foods you can give (and avoid) to your child when he has a cold or cough. Video: Foods to Eat or Avoid During Cold and Cough for Babies and Kids Recommended Foods for Cough and Cold for Infants, Toddlers and Children Giving nutritious foods to a baby which can be digested easily by him would be the best option. Here are some foods you should include in your child’s diet if he has a cough or cold: 1. Breast Milk If you have a newborn or a baby below six months of age, breast milk will be the only source of nutrition for him. Breast milk, being a good source of antibodies, can strengthen the immune system of a child. Check to see if your baby is congested before you start feeding your child, as congestion can prevent your infant from feeding adequately. 2. Barley Water Suitable for infants who are at least six months old, barley water is a great remedy for fever, cold, and cough. However, it is not suitable for children with gluten allergy and caution must be exercised if a family member has such an allergy. This is because the allergy might have been passed on to your child and you could be still unaware of this fact. 3. Applesauce Also known as stewed apples, these are easy-to-digest and can help a baby stay hydrated. They come in handy during a cough and cold as they replenish the body’s fluid supply. 4. Rice Water or Gruel Recommended for babies who are above six months of age, rice gruel is a soothing home remedy for a cough and cold. Rice water boosts the immunity of a child thereby helping him combat any infection. 5. Sweet Potatoes Sweet potatoes are a rich source of nutrients and strengthen the immune system. They also help the body in producing white blood cells. Sweet potatoes can be consumed in the form of porridge or you can mash and puree them for your little one aged six months and above. 6. Carrots Carrots have medicinal properties and eating carrots can enhance the immune system and keep away bacteria and viruses. You can steam and mash the carrots to give it to your baby. You can also puree them or make carrot soup. However, give it your baby only if he is above six months of age. 7. Pomegranate Juice The antioxidants in pomegranate juice can help subdue your child’s cold. Make pomegranate juice and add a bit of pepper powder and dry ginger powder to it. Give it to your baby if he is 6 months or older. This juice will help provide him relief from a cold and cough. 8. Moong Dal Porridge Moong dal porridge is a wholesome and filling food for babies suffering from cold. It can be given during lunch or dinner. Suitable for children seven months and older, it is a soothing dish that you little one will enjoy. 9. Curd Rice If your child is over eight months of age, you can feed him curd rice with a little seasoning of ginger and cumin seeds any time he is unwell. If your child has a cough or a cold, ensure that the curd you serve him is at room temperature and not too cold or sour. 10. Idli and Dosa Steamed idli and dosa make great comfort food and can be given to kids when they are unwell and don’t feel like eating. You can give idli or dosa at any time of the day to your child if he is eight months or older. You can also offer chutney or some homemade jam as a dip. 11. Sabudana Porridge Sabudana is also known as sago; it is a good source of starch and can give your child a dose of energy. As it easy to digest, it is a preferred choice for children when they are sick. You can make sabudana porridge, serve it with vegetables, or you can simply give the water. It is good for babies aged seven months or older. 12. Broccoli Rich in antioxidants, broccoli is a good pick for combating infections. It energizes the body’s immune system and is suitable for children over eight months of age. You can make broccoli soup or puree for your little one. He will soon feel better. 13. Tomato Soup Almost all of us like tomato soup; it is tasty and healthy. And the good thing is that it can be even given to children older than eight months of age. It constitutes a healthy dose of Vitamin C – you can mix some mashed rice in it before offering it to your baby. 14. Mashed Potatoes Mashed potatoes taste delicious and can be quite filling for a baby. Made from boiled potatoes, they usually appeal to children of all ages and can be introduced from eight months onwards. 15. Dalia Being soft food, it can be swallowed easily, especially if a child has a throat irritation or pain. It can be made without milk to speed up the digestion process when a baby is sick. Dalia can be given to babies who are eight months and older. 16. Citrus Fruits Drinking orange juice or lemon juice can help prevent cell damage while easing congestion and thinning out mucus. Make the juice with lukewarm water and add a dash of honey. It is generally recommended for children who are one year or above. 17. Turmeric Milk A little turmeric powder mixed in warm milk with a dash of pepper acts as a natural antibiotic and can cure a cold as well as throat infection in babies who are one year or above. 18. Mushroom Soup The health benefits of mushrooms are plenty, and their ability to keep infections away is well known. You can give warm mushroom soup to your baby; it is great comfort food for toddlers with a cold and cough. It is usually given to children who have attained the age of one. 19. Poha or Beaten Rice It is soft and can be chewed by babies easily. Poha is also easy-to-digest and makes for a filling meal, especially for a child who is unwell. You can give poha to your child if he is 1 year or older. 20. Tulsi Water Tulsi or Indian basil can provide relief from a cold and cough. Boil a few leaves of tulsi in half a litre of water for about 5 minutes. Strain and give it to your child. You can give it to babies above 6 months of age. 21. Garlic Lentil Soup Just like rice water, dal ka pani is good for babies. But if your baby has a cold and cough, you can give him garlic and lentil soup. Garlic has antiviral properties and can boost the immune system. Its antiviral properties can prevent infections and speed up the healing process. 22. Ajwain Water Giving ajwain water can also relieve cough and clear chest congestion. Boil a tablespoon of carom seeds in water for some time. Let it cool then strain the liquid, then give it to your baby at regular intervals. 23. Bone Broth Bone broth is made by simmering bones and connective tissue for several hours. It is rich in nutrients like collagen, which can help to support a healthy immune system. Bone broth can be served independently or used as a base for soups and stews. 24. Soup With Turmeric Turmeric contains a compound called curcumin, which has anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting properties. For flavour and health benefits, you can add turmeric to soups, stews, and other dishes. 25. Oats Oats are a good source of fibre, which can help to boost the immune system and reduce inflammation. They are also a good source of zinc, which is important for immune function. Serve warm oatmeal with cinnamon and honey for added flavour. 26. Chicken Soup Chicken soup is a time-tested remedy for coughs and colds in adults and children. It is believed to reduce inflammation, soothe the throat, and provide essential nutrients that can help the body fight off infections. Chicken soup is easy to digest and provides much-needed hydration. 27. Ginger Tea Ginger is known for its anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting properties. Ginger tea can help to soothe a sore throat, reduce coughing and congestion, and ease nausea. Simply steep fresh ginger in hot water and add honey to taste. 28. Honey Honey is a natural cough suppressant that can help to soothe irritated throats and reduce coughing. It also has antimicrobial properties that can help to fight off infections. Add a teaspoon of honey to warm water or tea for children over one. 29. Yoghurt Yoghurt contains live cultures that can help boost the immune system and fight infections. It is also a good source of protein, which is essential for building and repairing tissues. Choose plain yoghurt and add fresh fruit for flavour. 30. Berries Berries such as strawberries, raspberries, and blueberries are rich in antioxidants that can help to reduce inflammation and boost the immune system. They are also a good source of vitamin C, which is important for a healthy immune system. 31. Cherry Cherries are important for a healthy immune system. They are also a good source of fibre, which can help to reduce inflammation. Include cherry in your diet for good immunity. 32. Quinoa Quinoa is a good source of protein, which is important for building and repairing tissues. It also contains fibre and vitamins that can help to support a healthy immune system. Serve quinoa as a side dish for dinner. These are some recommended food for kids during cold and cough, which you can give and relieve. Foods to Avoid During Cold and Cough You should avoid including certain foods in your child’s diet if he has a cold and cough. This is because some fruits and vegetables are likely to have a cooling effect and can lead to respiratory infections. These include: 1. Refined Sugar and Sweets Too much sugar is not good for anyone, especially for babies and toddlers. Hence, sugar and sweets laden with sugar should not be given to a child with a cold or cough. 2. Dry Fruits and Nuts Your child may find it hard to chew or swallow dry fruits and nuts if he has a cold or cough. There is also a risk of sticking pieces in his throat if he coughs while eating. So it’s best not to give dry fruits and nuts. However, you can give them in powdered form – add the powder to his milk and porridge when he is sick. 3. Spicy and Oily Foods Spicy or oily food can irritate the throat and worsen your child’s cough and cold. Thus, it is best not to give them to your kiddo. 4. Dairy Products Dairy products like milk, cheese, and yoghurt can thicken mucus and worsen cough and cold symptoms. Avoid giving dairy products to children who are experiencing cold and cough. 5. Processed Foods Processed foods like chips, crackers, and pre-packaged snacks are often high in salt and preservatives, dehydrating the body and worsening cough and cold symptoms. Choose whole, unprocessed foods instead. 6. Fried Foods Fried foods are high in fat and can be difficult to digest, worsening cough and cold symptoms. Avoid fried foods instead of baked, grilled, or steamed foods. 7. Sugary Drinks Sugary drinks like soda and juice can dehydrate the body and weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections. Avoid sugary drinks and, instead, opt for water or herbal tea. The above-mentioned food for babies in cold and cough should be avoided, and you will be good to go!  Tips to Feed a Child Suffering From a Cough and Cold If your munchkin is unwell, he is bound to get cranky and may fuss while eating. Here are a few things you should keep in mind to make sure he gets the required nourishment: Babies six months and younger should be breastfed or given formula if they have a cold and cough. Babies 6 months and above should have frequent small meals instead of big meals thrice a day. If your baby’s doctor prescribes oral rehydration solution (ORS) to your toddler, give it to your child as and when required. If your baby does not want to eat something, give him what he wants. Do not force-feed your sick child. If your baby is above six months old, ensure he stays hydrated. Offer him different types of fluids. These can include water, milk, broth, and fresh fruit juice made with slightly warm water. You should follow these general guidelines if your child is down with a cold or cough. However, if there are symptoms like wheezing or ear pain, it is best to consult a doctor immediately, as it can be an ear infection or something more serious. Also, do not introduce new foods when your baby is ill, as these can aggravate the symptoms or cause allergies, worsening the matter. Consult your doctor if your child’s condition doesn’t improve over a few days. Since dehydration is possible because of infections, keep an eye on your child; note these early signs to ensure you can get your child the help he needs immediately. References/Resources: 1. Colds in children; PubMed Central; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2722603/; October 2005 2. Foods and Drinks to Avoid or Limit; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/infantandtoddlernutrition/foods-and-drinks/foods-and-drinks-to-limit.html; May 2022 3. Mayo Clinic Staff; Cold remedies: What works, what doesn’t, what can’t hurt; Mayo Clinic; https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/in-depth/cold-remedies/art-20046403; June 2022 4. Sanu. A, Eccles. R; The effects of a hot drink on nasal airflow and symptoms of common cold and flu; Rhinology; PubMed; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19145994/; December 2008 5. Rennard. BO, Ertl. RF, Gossman. GL, et al.; Chicken soup inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro; Chest; PubMed; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11035691/; October 2000 Also Read: How to Deal with Dry Cough in Babies Home Remedies for Children’s Colds and Flu Cold and Cough Medicine for Infants and Children Read more

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Baby and Toddler Foods To Carry & Avoid While Travelling

Travelling with a baby in tow may seem challenging, but the key to ensuring a smooth journey that both you and the baby enjoy is to be prepared for anything you may need. A major part of travelling with your baby is having the right food around, as babies stomachs are delicate, and can’t handle outside food. Many parents are unsure about what kind of food to carry when travelling with a baby and toddler. To keep your baby’s hunger satiated and her mood happy, it is important to carry food that is both, travel-friendly and delicious. Here are some baby and toddler travel food ideas. Video: Travel Foods for Babies and Toddlers (What to Carry and What to Avoid) Food for Babies While Travelling Babies between six to 12 months old are fairly new in the process of being introduced to solids, so it essential to be smart about the type of food you carry along for them. Here are some travel foods for babies. 1. Baby Food Baby food is nutritious, yummy, and quite easy to prepare while travelling. This kind of food is generally given to infants above six months. There are various baby food premixes that are easily available and travel-friendly. 2. Milk This is a complete food for babies and toddlers, due to the rich nutrients it contains. You can rely on breastfeeding the baby if you are travelling in a private vehicle, but it can be an issue in public places. Store breast milk beforehand, using a breast pump, and feed your baby during meal times. Formula milk is a great option, as it needs water and formula powder to make the mix. 3. Fruit Purees These are wholesome, loaded with essential nutrients, and easy to prepare when travelling. This can be prepared on-the-spot since all you need is fruit, milk, a bowl, and a fork. Mash the fruit add milk and feed it to your tiny tot. 4. Carrot Cake Travel isn’t fun without something sweet, right? Carrot cake is soft, healthy and delicious. You can always substitute flour and sugar with healthier ingredients such as whole wheat and jaggery or honey. Your child will be super happy when you bring out the carrot cake you’ve packed. 5. Porridge Mix If your baby is over 6 months, you can carry easy-to-make porridge for him. Some easy and delicious porridges made out of sattu or ragi are easy to prepare as you simply need to pour hot water and mix. They are nutritious, easy to carry and a sure hit for your child. 6. Vegetable Puree Boil vegetables like broccoli and carrot, and mash them until they reach a puree consistency. These can be seasoned and fed to your baby during travel to ensure his nutritional intake is sufficient for the day. Vegetables purees are easy to feed your child, and he will surely love the taste. Food for Toddlers While Travelling Between the ages of one to three, toddlers are now more accustomed to eating solid food, but require non-spicy, hygienic, and well-cooked dishes. Here are some food ideas for toddlers when travelling. 1. Yoghurt This superfood is easy to carry while travelling and is packed with essential nutrients such as calcium. Kids love the tasty flavours of yoghurt, which is light on the stomach. Ensure you pack yoghurt in travel-friendly jars for an easy feeding session. Ensure that you store yoghurt in a cool environment. 2. Cereal Choose O-shaped cereals while shopping for your trip, and it can prove to be an ideal travel food for one-year-old children and above. Slide them onto his fingers and let him enjoy this engaging activity while travelling. You can add dry fruits to make it healthy and enhance the flavour too. 3. Eggs This superfood is rich in calories and helps to boost the immune system. The unsaturated fats in eggs help in developing the brain. As you’re travelling, you can stick to serving them hard-boiled eggs, as they are the least likely to create a mess. 4. Hummus This Middle Eastern dish is rich in iron, which can prevent anaemia. Its thick texture means that kids are unlikely to spill it, and can be eaten with pita bread, which is filling. Make sure to refrigerate it before carrying and store it in a cool environment. 5. Thepla Parathas are filling, delicious, and can be prepared according to your baby’s tastes. You can prepare theplas at home and pack them for your journey, and your baby is sure to love them. Ensure that you let them cool completely before packing them. 6. Granola Bars You can make soft energy bars or granola bars at home, loaded with healthy ingredients that are nutritious. They provide your little one with energy throughout the trip and are delicious and filling as well. 7. Chikkis Date and dry fruit chikkis, rajgira or peanut chikkis are a good option for toddlers while travelling. These are healthy and stay fresh for a longer time. 8. Baked/ Roasted Makhana or Jowar Puffs These are delicious, healthy, and filling, and a great option when travelling with toddlers. You can also add some milk flavours to them, which your child is sure to love. 9. Cheese Who doesn’t love cheese? Definitely not your toddler! Carry cheese cubes or cheese sticks and simply pass them to your child as finger food during the journey. It will keep him entertained and satiated for a while. 10. Cookies You can bake healthy cookies out of ragi flour and jaggery before your journey and pack them. These are a great snack for long journeys as they are sweet and delicious, and last for long when packed well. 11. Idli If you have a long journey, pack some idlis with sugar or jaggery for your little one. These are filled with nutrition and easy to hold and eat, so you can avoid any mess while travelling. For an extra zing, add spinach puree or beetroot extract to the idli batter to dye them green or purple. 12. Instant Upma or Poha You can dehydrate some veggies and make a poha or upma mix with very little oil. Once the dry base is prepared, you can pack it along and simply add hot water when it’s time for your baby to eat. These are easy to make and nutritious too. Foods to Avoid While Travelling With Your Baby or Toddler There are certain kinds of foods to be avoided when you are travelling with a baby in tow. Strike them off your travel list to ensure you and your baby have a hassle-free trip: Oily snacks (especially the ready-made variety) should be avoided, as they can lead to issues like heartburn and obesity. Soft drinks are rich in sugar and can erode the enamel of your kids. Cereals that are high in sugar can lead to early diabetes. Thin liquids are easy to spill and cause a mess. Kids have less control over their motor functions and can easily spill and drop food. Foods that are relatively small can get lodged in the windpipe and are a choking hazard. New and untried food which may not agree with your baby’s tummy Travelling with your baby should be special for you and your baby. Feeding your baby or toddler during an outstation trip should not cause any stress. All you require is effort and loads of patience, so the journey becomes enjoyable with food and feeding times are the least of your worries. References/Resources: 1. Feeding your baby: 6–12 months; UNICEF; https://www.unicef.org/parenting/food-nutrition/feeding-your-baby-6-12-months 2. Prohibited Item List; Airports Authority of India; https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/security-info/kullu-manali 3. Travel Recommendations for Nursing Families; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/infantandtoddlernutrition/breastfeeding/travel-recommendations.html; July 2021 4. Foods and Drinks to Avoid or Limit; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/infantandtoddlernutrition/foods-and-drinks/foods-and-drinks-to-limit.html; June 2023 5. When, What, and How to Introduce Solid Foods; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/infantandtoddlernutrition/foods-and-drinks/when-to-introduce-solid-foods.html; August 2021 Also Read: Papaya for Babies: Benefits and Recipes Iron Rich Foods for Babies and Toddlers Healthy Weight Gain Foods for Babies and Children Read more

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How to Teach a Baby to Chew Food – A Guide for Parents

If you’re a parent to a toddler, one of the biggest challenges that you face must be getting your independent toddler to chew food. An act that seems natural to us might not be the same for the little ones who are just getting used to the concept of eating solid food items. There will be days when you might lose your patience while trying to feed your child and force him to chew food. But you know well that using force (or exhibiting anger) is not the ideal solution to get children to listen to you. Here’s how to teach a baby to chew. What Is Chewing? In simple terms, the act of breaking down food in the mouth by crushing and grinding it, as a way to stimulate the digestive process, is termed chewing. When Can a Baby Start Chewing Food? When do babies start chewing? Babies start experimenting with their mouths by using their fingers and other toys. The act of chewing mainly begins when they are close to completing a year. This is precisely why most parents are advised to introduce new food items in this phase, to encourage that chewing activity. The coordination of the tongue, jaws, and swallowing is the core part of the act of chewing food properly. Factors to Consider When Teaching Your Baby to Chew Teaching a baby to chew is an important developmental milestone that lays the foundation for healthy eating habits. It requires patience, attention, and consideration of the following factors to ensure the process is safe and effective. 1. Age According to the Cleveland Clinic, babies typically begin to swallow solid foods around six months old (1). Therefore, the development of chewing skills coincides with the ability to consume solids. 2. Extrusion Reflex An innate mechanism called the extrusion reflex prompts babies to push out any solid food placed on their tongues, minimizing the risk of choking. As per NHMRC’s Infant Feeding Guidelines, this reflex typically diminishes by the age of six months (2), marking an initial step towards chewing proficiency. 3. Gag Reflex Similar to the extrusion reflex, the gag reflex serves as a protective mechanism against choking by prompting babies to expel solid food placed near the back of their tongues. According to the Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, this reflex diminishes after approximately six months (3), facilitating the progression towards chewing abilities. 4. Practice Chewing can commence even before the appearance of teeth. Introducing soft and pureed baby foods after six months provides opportunities for babies to practice chewing motions. Gradually varying the texture of foods offered allows babies to develop their chewing skills, utilizing different parts of the mouth. 5. Teething Teething plays a crucial role in the development of chewing as teeth enable babies to break down firm foods into smaller, manageable pieces. By the time babies start teething, they have already gained some familiarity with basic chewing motions, facilitating their transition to more solid foods. Can Babies Chew Food Without Teeth? Most of the chewing activity is conducted by the molar teeth in the jaw. While your little one might not have molars until he is around 1.5 years or so, the gums are healthy enough for light chewing activities. The chewing movement and technique are all that’s left to learn. Why Does Your Baby Refuse to Chew? Is your baby not chewing food? All infants are equipped with a reflex known as the “tongue thrust,” aiding in the movement of the tongue during breastfeeding or bottle feeding. This reflex also assists in pushing objects, such as food, forward and out of their mouths as a safety measure against choking. Around the ages of 4 to 7 months, the tongue-thrust reflex begins to integrate, coinciding with the introduction of solid foods. Initially, you may observe that your baby frequently spits out food, indicating that they may not have chewed it adequately or that it’s too large to swallow. However, with consistent practice, most babies enhance their abilities and develop new techniques for manipulating food in their mouths. If your baby shows reluctance to consume any solids (whether purees or soft finger foods) by 9 months of age, or if they solely consume purees by 12 months, it’s advisable to consult your pediatrician for potential referrals to healthcare professionals who can provide assistance. Why Is Chewing Food a Problem for Some Toddlers? No child can start chewing food right away. Every child has his own learning curve and most kids start chewing food when they reach the toddler stage. At times, a few kids can pose numerous problems around it, which are primarily due to a few significant reasons. 1. Lack of Interest in Food Some children might be exposed to a meal plan that has similar food items repeating quite often. At times, they also have an affinity for easy-to-chew foods making them lose their interest in attempting to try foods with different tastes and textures. 2. An Absence of Lumpy Foods in Early Stages By the time a child turns nearly a year old, it is recommended that different tastes and textures of foods be introduced to him. For a child purely dependent on breast milk by this age, chewing can be quite a difficult task to handle later in life. 3. Delayed Introduction to Solid Foods Chewing is a skill that needs development pretty early in life. If you choose to introduce solids only after he has grown up, your child may experience difficulty in accepting such food items and would prefer to drink milk all the time. Tips to Teach a Baby to Chew Food Your child may have some difficulty chewing his food as he begins to learn it initially and it is normal. With a few tips, you can make that more comfortable for him as well as peaceful for you, too. 1. Keep Yourself Calm Before you even attempt to start teaching your little one how to chew, there needs to exist an atmosphere of peace and calm. If your little one is upset and is not in the mood, it’s not going to be easy for you to get him to chew food, and as a result, you might lose your patience. Your own stress can counteract the appetite of the child and prevent him from any attempts at chewing his food. So you must ensure that you don’t lose your calm while trying to get your child to eat and chew food. Make mealtimes a fun activity. 2. Pick Appropriate Food Items While it is essential that you introduce a variety of foods to your child to help him meet nutritional requirements, you must note that he should be able to chew whatever you feed him. Giving him grapes or popcorn might not be a great choice if he can’t chew them well. The risk of food being lodged in his throat and causing him to choke is quite real. 3. Feed Him When He’s Hungry Children find chewing to be a needless activity and would do everything they can to avoid it. A child with his stomach full will barely even touch any food item that requires chewing. Therefore, turn the tables by offering those items when your child’s hunger is at its peak. He might resist initially but the hunger will soon take over and leave him no choice but to eat the food by chewing it well. 4. Let Him Eat On His Own Children who refuse to chew are usually self-driven and want to do things their way. You can use this quality to your advantage as well. Set up his mealtime with the foods in a bowl and give him a small spoon. He will do everything he can to use the spoon properly, even if it involves eating foods that require him to chew them properly. Don’t fret if he manages only a few bites. That’s a pretty good start on its own. 5. Opt for a Fruit Feeder Fruits are quite essential for toddlers but it’s difficult for most toddlers to chew them. Some children tend to slurp on them to get the flavour and leave the fruit as is while others may refuse to eat the fruit. If your toddler, refuses to eat the fruit, you should get a fruit feeder. These are mesh bags that hold the fruit pieces together. Since they are FDA-approved, kids can use them to lick and feel the fruit, as well as bite them comfortably. 6. Prepare Small Food Items That Are Soft As your little one grows, he will reach a stage, where he will be able to eat and chew food of different tastes and textures. But while he is young, you need to be easy on him and take it slow (4). You can make healthy and tasty finger foods for him that he can easily chew on. Prepare something that is easy to chew on and melts in the mouth soon enough. 7. Allow Your Child to Use a Grabber Toy Apart from chewing on foods, children also take their time in understanding how to use their hands to feed themselves. With a variety of food textures, there will be instances where your toddler may fail to pick up a fruit from the plate or let it slip out of his hands. Getting a grabber toy can help. It will stimulate his motor senses and give him the confidence to experiment with chewing. 8. Model Chewing Behavior Demonstrate proper chewing techniques by eating meals together as a family. Your baby will imitate your actions and learn from observing how you chew different foods. 9. Provide Oral Stimulation Offer teething toys or safe objects for your baby to chew on between meals. According to the American Dental Association, this not only helps alleviate teething discomfort but also strengthens their jaw muscles and encourages the chewing motion (5). 10. Offer Frequent Opportunities Provide frequent opportunities for your baby to practice chewing throughout the day, such as offering snacks or finger foods between meals. Regular practice helps reinforce chewing skills and builds confidence in their ability to eat solid foods. 11. Monitor Progress and Adjust Continuously monitor your baby’s progress in chewing and adjust your approach accordingly. Pay attention to their reactions and adapt the texture or size of food items as needed to support their development. Regularly reassess their chewing abilities to ensure they are advancing at an appropriate pace. Things to Do When Your Baby Learns to Chew As your baby learns to chew, it’s crucial to provide guidance and support. Here are some key actions to consider: Encourage self-feeding with appropriate utensils and finger foods. Offer a balanced diet with a variety of nutritious foods. Supervise meal times closely for safety. Foster positive eating habits by creating a conducive mealtime environment. A Word of Caution Even if your child shows rapid progress, it is important to keep away from hard food items like chocolates or salads until he can learn to chew properly. These can even harm the gums, at times, let alone the choking hazard they pose. FAQs 1. At what age should I start teaching my child to chew food? It’s typically recommended to start introducing solid foods and encouraging chewing skills around 6 months of age when your baby shows signs of readiness, such as sitting up independently and showing interest in reaching for food. 2. What are some safe foods to begin teaching chewing skills? Soft and easily mashable foods like mashed vegetables, soft fruits, cooked grains, and finely shredded meats are good options to start with. As your child progresses, you can gradually introduce foods with more textures and firmness. 3. How can I help my child who refuses to chew? Encourage your child to chew by offering a variety of foods in different textures and shapes. Be patient and provide positive reinforcement when they make attempts to chew. Consulting with a pediatrician or feeding specialist can also provide valuable guidance. 4. Are there any signs that indicate my child is ready to progress to more challenging textures? Signs of readiness include improved coordination and jaw strength, increased interest in exploring different textures, and the ability to move food from the front to the back of the mouth for chewing. 5. What should I do if my child frequently gags while learning to chew? Gagging is a normal part of the learning process as children explore new textures and learn to manage food in their mouths. However, if gagging is excessive or accompanied by other concerning symptoms like baby swallowing food without chewing, consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance. Once you know how to teach your baby to chew food, your little one’s mealtimes won’t be hectic. And before you know it, your child will be picking food from your plate and enjoying it too! References/Resources: 1. When Can Babies Start Eating Baby Food?; Cleveland Clinic; https://health.clevelandclinic.org/when-can-babies-eat-baby-food/ 2. Infant Feeding Guidelines; NHMRC; https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/the_guidelines/n56_infant_feeding_guidelines.pdf 3. Feeding development and difficulties; The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne; https://www.rch.org.au/feedingdifficulties/casescenarios/Ava/ 4. Feeding and Eating Chewing Practice; The Royal Children’s Hospital; Melbourne; https://www.rch.org.au/uploadedFiles/Main/Content/speech/200101%20FandE%20Chewing%20Practice%20A4%20FSheet_FA_WEB.pdf 5. Teething; American Dental Association; https://www.mouthhealthy.org/all-topics-a-z/teething/ 6. Developing chewing and swallowing skills; Te Whatu Ora — Health New Zealand; https://info.health.nz/pregnancy-children/food-choking/chewing-and-swallowing/ 7. Oral Reflexes and Feeding; Physical, Speech, Occupational Therapy and Nutrition for Children; https://sensorysolutions.org/home/blog/oral-reflexes-and-feeding/ Also Read: Baby Drooling Baby Stick Tongue Out Baby Putting Hands in Mouth Read more

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Oats for Babies – When to Introduce, Benefits, and Precautions

Until six months of age, it is ideal for your baby to be exclusively breastfed, as breast milk provides all the essential nutrients required for growth during this stage. However, once your baby reaches the six-month mark, they are not only ready to explore new foods but also need them for proper growth and development. Many parents begin by introducing fruits and vegetables to their babies. However, combining these foods with energy-rich options can considerably enhance their nutritional value. Oats for babies are one such nutritious food that can be a valuable addition to their diet. Read on to learn more about oatmeal for babies. Is Oats Good for Babies? Oats are considered a good food option for babies as they are rich in minerals, vitamins, fibre and antioxidants. They are thus a good source of energy for your baby. Oats also aid digestion and are very light in comparison to rice. It has been found that oats are the only cereal that the least number of children are allergic to (1). However, it is still recommended that you consult a paediatrician before you start feeding oats to your baby to rule out any adverse reactions. When Can You Start Feeding Oats to Your Baby? You can start feeding oats to your baby once he turns seven months. Begin with simple oat recipes like oats porridge. When your baby is comfortable with oats porridge, add flavours by adding fruits and veggies. But, ensure that you introduce only one additional ingredient at a time to gauge his likes and dislikes, and to check for allergies. Can Babies Eat Oats Everyday and How Much They Should Eat? You can give oats to babies once they are six months old. They are packed with magical benefits, and you can add a few tablespoons of oatmeal to your baby’s solid diet every day. In fact, three to four tablespoons of oats for babies every day can provide adequate fibre and nutrition to them. Health Benefits of Oats for Infants Oats are packed with nutrition, and have many health benefits, particularly for infants. Here are some of the oats benefits for babies: 1. Bone Development and Neurological Functioning Oats contain minerals like calcium, iron, zinc, phosphorous, potassium, sodium and magnesium that are essential for the development of your baby. Here’s a brief on how each mineral contributes towards the growth and development of your little one (2). Calcium and phosphorous build bone strength, so that your baby has strong bones. Iron maintains the levels of haemoglobin and helps tackle anaemia. Potassium and sodium are known to aid in developing the neurological functions in the body. Magnesium helps generate energy and improve dental and bone health in infants. 2. Enables Healthy Growth The presence of vitamins like folate, vitamin B6, vitamin K, vitamin E, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin make oats an essential supplement for the growth and development of your baby (3).  3. Lowers the Risk of Attack by Free Radicals Oats has a healthy amount of antioxidants that can lower the risk of attack by free radicals in the body and should, therefore, be an essential part of a baby’s diet (4). 4. Provides Energy Every 100 grams of oatmeal provides 382 kcal of energy for babies (5). This energy is essential for infants in their developmental stage as it aids their growth spurts.  5. Eases Digestion Oats have a high amount of dietary fibre which is required for a proper bowel movement (6). Because your baby’s digestive system is still developing, oats can aid digestion without putting any strain on your baby’s system. Side Effects of Oats for Babies While oats are generally safe and nutritious, some babies may experience mild side effects after consuming them. The high fibre content may cause gas, bloating, or digestive discomfort, especially when oats are first introduced. In rare cases, babies may have an allergic reaction to oats, resulting in symptoms such as a skin rash, vomiting, or swelling (7). To reduce the risk of discomfort, introduce oats in small quantities and monitor your baby for any unusual reactions. Consult a paediatrician if any concerning symptoms appear. Nutritional Value of Oats Oats are rich in nutrients vital for your baby. Here is a complete list of nutrients that oats contain (5). Type of nutrition Quantity (per 100 g serving) Type of nutrition Quantity (per 100 g serving) Vitamin K 4.1 mg Energy 382 kcal Protein 11.08 g Total Lipid (fat) 9.5 g Carbohydrates 68.5 g Fibre 10 g Sugars 3.8 g Calcium 54 mg Iron 2.5 mg Magnesium 106 mg Phosphorous 610 mg Potassium 420 mg Sodium 9.5 mg Zinc 5.39 mg Thiamin 0.8 mg Riboflavin 3.313 mg Niacin 1.0 mg Vitamin B-6 0.563 mg Folate 56 ug Vitamin E 0.1 mg Difference Between Oatmeal and Rice Cereal The biggest difference between the two is that oatmeal is made from oats, while rice cereal is made from rice grains. If we get more into the details, oatmeal can have a nuttier and earthier flavour, whereas rice cereals are very bland and do not have much flavour at all. Also, oatmeal cereals are usually very finely ground, and the texture of rice cereal is quite smooth, and it can be made to be thick or very liquid, resembling breastmilk. If we talk in terms of nutrition and digestion, oatmeal is generally considered a healthier choice as compared to rice cereal for babies. Oatmeal has some wonderful nutritional value, like vitamins and minerals, such as iron and B6, and is also high in fibre. These differences aren’t major, but they are important enough to be considered when you are debating on rice cereal vs oatmeal for baby. Types of Oats Your Baby Can Eat There are several types of oats that are safe for babies to consume. Knowing which oats is good for baby can help parents choose a suitable option based on their baby’s age and dietary needs. Here are some of them: Type of Oats Texture Suitable Age Preparation Time Instant Oats Very soft 6+ months 2-3 minutes Rolled Oats Soft 7+ months 5-6 minutes Steel-cut Oats Chewy 10+ months 10-15 minutes So, now you know which oats to feed your little one, let’s take a look at how to select them and how to store them. How to Select and Store Oats? While your baby can eat most kinds of oats, it is best to refrain from giving him instant oatmeal or anything that is over-processed as it will be left with little to no nutrition to offer. Hence, the best move is to find steel-cut or regular oats for your baby. Store them in airtight containers and keep them in a cool and dry place to make them last longer. If your house is warm, you can keep the container in the refrigerator. How Can You Process Oats for Babies? Read below to learn how to process oats for babies: 1. Cooking Infant Oatmeal for a Baby Soak oats in water for a minute and cook them for 10-15 minutes. Add water or milk to adjust the consistency. Then cool it down and blend it to prepare an oatmeal porridge for the baby. 2. Cooking Steel-cut Oats for Babies For 10 minutes, boil the steel-cut oats and let them soak in boiled water overnight. The next day, boil the oats again on a medium flame for 15-20 minutes. Keep stirring in between, and once cooked, let it cool down. Blend it to make porridge. Can Oats Be Allergic to Baby? A baby may be allergic to oats and can cause stomach pain. Though oats are naturally gluten-free, but they sometimes become contaminated by gluten during processing, triggering an allergic response to gluten. The symptoms of oats allergy can range from mild to moderate and affect the airways, skin, and gut. Things to Remember While Feeding Oats to Your Baby Before you introduce oats to your baby, you must remember a few things to ensure your baby gets the most benefits of this food item. Only start solids after six months of regular breastfeeding in order to avoid any adverse reactions to the food. Select the right kind of oats that are semi-processed or steel-cut. Boil the oats properly for about 20 to 30 minutes or a little longer till they are soft enough for the baby to digest them easily. Give your baby plain cooked oats the first time and check if he has an allergic reaction. You can feed your baby oats pudding with additions of fruits if there are no allergies. However, if there is one, consult the doctor immediately. Oats Recipes for Babies If you plan on introducing oats to your baby, here are some simple recipes that can help you. 1. Apple Oats Porridge Recipe Ingredients 1/4th cup of regular oats 1 cup of water One apple, peeled and grated or pureed Method Boil the oats in 1 cup of water. You may powder the oats and then boil them for a smoother consistency. Keep stirring regularly to prevent it from getting burnt. Once the oats are cooked, add the grated/pureed apple and stir well. You may cook the mixture for a couple more minutes. Let it cool completely before feeding it to your baby. 2. Simple Oats Porridge Recipe Ingredients 1/4th cup of oats 1 cup of water 1/4th cup of breast milk Method Boil the oats in a cup of water. Ensure you cook them thoroughly. Mix this porridge with breast milk. Bring it to room temperature before feeding your baby. 3. Baby Oatmeal and Banana Bars Recipe This recipe is great finger food for older babies. Ingredients 1/2 cup ground oats 1 mashed banana Method Combine the cooked oats and mashed bananas. Press this mixture into shapes of your choice. Keep them on a baking tray. Bake at 180 degree Celsius for 10 to 15 minutes. If you want to keep the bars chewy, you may bake them for a shorter period. 4. Banana and Oats Recipe Ingredients 1/4th cup of oats 1 cup of water 1 banana, pureed Method Cook the oats in a cup of water till they are soft. Add pureed banana and stir well. Serve when cooled. 5. Vegetable Oats Ingredients 2 tablespoon diced carrots 2 tablespoon diced potatoes 1/2 cup rolled oats 2-3 cups of water A pinch of salt (optional) Method In a pan, pour some water and boil the vegetables till they are soft. Add the oats and boil it till it is cooked properly. You may add more water if needed. Add salt to taste. Let the dish cool down before feeding it to your baby. 6. Creamy Oatmeal With Pears Ingredients 1/2 cup rolled oats 1 cup water 1 pear, peeled and cut into small chunks Milk (optional) Method Add oats, water, and pear chunks to a pan. Put it on a medium flame and bring it to a boil for five to seven minutes. Stir in between. Transfer it into a blender and blend to get the desired consistency. Add milk if required. FAQs 1. Should you choose organic oats over regular oats? Yes. You can choose organic oatmeal for babies over regular oats, as both have the same nutritional information and benefits. 2. Does oatmeal cereal cause gas in babies? Usually, oats are not something to be feared for babies. But it can sometimes cause an allergic reaction like bloating. 3. Do oats cause choking hazard in babies? No. Cooked oats and oatmeal generally do not pose a particular risk of choking in babies. 4. Are instant oats safe for babies? Plain instant oats can be suitable for babies when cooked to a soft consistency. Choose varieties without added sugar, salt, artificial flavours, or other unnecessary additives. Oatmeal for babies is a great supplement once they are ready to try solid foods. Remember to introduce new foods to your baby gradually and after proper consultation with a paediatrician. As much as possible, try providing organic food items to your baby for best benefits. Also Read:  Brown Rice for Babies Porridge Recipes for Babies Healthy Oats Recipes for Babies Read more

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What Are Prebiotics, and How Do They Serve as Food for the Beneficial Bacteria in the Gut?

From the very first days of a baby’s life, a fascinating community of microbes begins to take root in their digestive systems. Among them, beneficial strains like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus play a vital role. Prebiotics act as the fuel that helps these good microbes flourish. When nourished properly, they multiply, support the immune system, aid digestion, and provide protection against common infections. But when this delicate balance is disrupted, babies may face challenges such as colic, diarrhoea, allergies, or even a higher risk of autoimmune issues (1). Before we deep dive into how prebiotics benefit babies, let’s have a quick round-up on the basics. What Are Prebiotics? They are non-digestible plant fibres (like certain carbohydrates) that our bodies can’t break down, but gut microbes can. How they work: They pass through the digestive system and reach the colon, where beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus feed on them. Why they matter: By nourishing these good microbes, prebiotics help improve digestion, strengthen the immune system, reduce harmful bacteria, and even support nutrient absorption (2). For babies, prebiotics are found naturally in human breast milk (as prebiotic human milk oligosaccharides, HMOs) and fortified infant formulas (3). How Prebiotics Benefit Babies Below are key areas where research has shown prebiotics make a difference, especially in early life. 1. Balancing the Gut Microbiome The gut is home to trillions of microbes — some act like helpful citizens, while others can be troublemakers. Prebiotics nourish the beneficial bacteria (such as Bifidobacteria), helping them thrive and keeping the harmful microbes in check. Research shows that infants fed nutritional solutions enriched with prebiotics develop a gut microbial community more similar to that of breastfed babies — particularly in the composition of their faecal microbiota and the number of beneficial bacteria (4). Early microbiome balance is crucial for maintaining a healthy digestive system. It can influence the risk of gastrointestinal issues, allergies, obesity, and other immune-related conditions later in life (5). While the evidence is still growing, numerous studies suggest that a healthier early gut microbiome is associated with better outcomes. 2. Building a Strong Gut Foundation The lining of the intestine (epithelial barrier) is the first line of defence. It helps in the absorption of nutrients—especially calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc—vital for growing children, while keeping pathogens and toxins out. A well‐balanced microbiome, supported by prebiotics, promotes the development and maintenance of the gut lining. Without this, babies may be more susceptible to infections, leaky gut, or inflammation. Research shows prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplemented formulas notably modified intestinal antibody production and improved bowel movements in babies (6). So yes, prebiotics are a win-win! 3. Boosting Immunity The makeup of the gut microbiome in infants can indicate the likelihood of disease risk and its progression. A healthy gut microbiome, supported by prebiotics, helps teach the immune system which threats are serious (pathogens) and which are benign (such as food and harmless bacteria). Establishing a symbiotic relationship between the immune system and the gut microbiome, with the help of prebiotics, significantly influences the chances of developing or preventing diseases in the future (7). This means fewer infections, better vaccine responses, and stronger overall immunity. Sources of Prebiotics for Babies 1. Breast milk Breast milk is the gold standard for nutritional requirements for developing babies. It hosts a diverse mix of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which serve as prebiotics, with a majority of beneficial microbiota, especially Bifidobacterium species (4). For many benefits, exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months (8). 2. Nutritional Solutions With Prebiotics Several baby feeds come supplemented with prebiotics, such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), and polydextrose (9). Research suggests that the addition of prebiotics to infant feeds can beneficially influence the gut microbiome, especially by increasing levels of Bifidobacterium, without any negative effect on growth (10). Prebiotic-supplemented babies have a better stool consistency, higher concentration of Bifidobacteria in their intestine, and lower stool pH compared to babies on a non-supplemented standard diet. Prebiotics, being safe for infants and babies, bring supplemented infant feeds closer to breast milk, which is considered the gold standard (9). 3. Dietary Transitions As solids are introduced (at around 6 months), including fibre-rich, prebiotic foods (in age-appropriate forms) helps continue supporting gut health. For example, cooked and cooled apples, bananas, and oats. Timing: When It’s Most Important The early life period (birth to about 2-3 years) is critical. Microbial colonisation happens rapidly. The gut, immune system, and brain are all developing in coordination. Interventions (breastfeeding, prebiotic supplementation, and reduction of unnecessary antibiotics) during this time have larger effects. While prebiotics are generally safe, they should not replace medical advice. Some infants have digestive sensitivities; too much fibre/prebiotic at once may cause gas, bloating, or discomfort. Formula changes must be guided by paediatricians. Secondly, quality matters. Not all supplements are made equal. Dose, type of prebiotic, purity, and how it is processed—all influence the effectiveness of a formula. Parents should choose baby supplements vetted by certified paediatricians. FAQs 1. Is breastfeeding enough to provide prebiotics? Yes, human breast milk naturally contains HMOs, which are among the most potent prebiotics for infants. However, when breastfeeding isn’t possible (or only partly possible), nutritional solutions with added prebiotics can help babies develop to a great extent. 2. When should babies start getting prebiotics (or prebiotic-rich foods)? Breast milk and prebiotic-nutritional solutions are primary sources of prebiotics that babies are introduced to from birth. 6 months+ babies can be introduced to prebiotic fibres in the form of pureed or soft foods under paediatric guidance. 3. How do prebiotics differ from probiotics? Do babies need both? Prebiotics are the food for gut microbes, whereas probiotics are live beneficial microbes themselves. Babies benefit from both prebiotics and probiotics. 4. Are prebiotics included in all infant nutritional solutions, and how to choose a good one? Not all baby feeds include prebiotics. Therefore, when choosing: Look for products that mention GOS, FOS, or other clinically studied oligosaccharides. Check whether there are research or clinical trials showing benefits, especially in full-term infants. Talk with your paediatrician about any special needs (premature baby, allergies, digestive issues). Prebiotics are far more than a buzzword on parenting blogs or baby product labels. They play a vital role in shaping an infant’s gut microbiome, strengthening the gut lining, aiding in nutrient absorption, supporting digestion, and helping the immune system learn and adapt. For today’s millennial parents, who are often inundated with health advice, understanding prebiotics is key, as early gut health lays the foundation for lifelong wellness. Every baby is unique, and there’s no one-size-fits-all approach. The most crucial step is to personalise care — working closely with your paediatrician, observing how your baby responds, and making thoughtful, gradual adjustments. By doing so, you’re helping build one of the strongest possible foundations for your child’s future health. Also Read: Homemade Baby Food Healthy Food Pyramid for Kids Finger Foods for Baby to Eat and Avoid Best Baby Foods You Should Give to Eat  Baby Nutrition – List of Essential Nutrients to Feed Your Baby Read more

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Understanding Baby Food Labels – Easy Guide for Parents on How to Read & Use

Are you an informed parent who makes their food choices by reading the ingredients and nutrition facts label at the back or the one who picks items from the shelves influenced by the front claims and discounts? Our point is that if you are being the latter, you are missing a load on your family’s health and safety by not reading food labels. With more and more consumers becoming health-conscious, manufacturers are getting one step ahead by tweaking information and convincing people to buy their ultra-processed products. This is where knowing how to correctly read food labels help so you can make an informed choice for your sunshine’s health and safety.  What Are Food Labels?  A food label or nutrition label is an important piece of information printed on the packaging of the product. It provides consumers with useful information about the product, from what it contains to how long it is safe for consumption so that consumers can make the right choice and safeguard their health. Almost all FMCG products are required to have labels, but the information and format may vary depending on the type.  Food labels at the front, side, or back of the packaging boast information, including:  The type of food  Manufacturers’ and marketer’s details and address  Ingredients  Nutrition information  Allergens and additives  Weights and measures of product  Manufacturing date  Validity for consumption  Directions for use and storage  Any nutrition and health claims  Things to Look Out on Nutrition Facts Label  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says that a nutrition facts label helps anatomise information about the vitamins, fats, calories, etc., per serving, making it easier for parents to compare the nutrition provided by similar products. For instance, if you are looking to buy tomato ketchup, you may compare the food ingredient list on food label, such as sugar content and calories, to make the right choice.  However, decoding nutrition facts labels can be tricky. Here’s what you should check in the nutrition labels for food. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6). 1. Serving Size and Calories It’s important to pay attention to the serving size and the number of calories listed. These values are usually highlighted to show their significance and prevent unintentional calorie consumption.  For example, if a small bag of potato chips says it has 100 calories per serving, which may be 10 grams or 100 grams, you might think the whole bag is one serving. But sometimes, the bag actually contains more servings than you might expect. So, if you eat the entire bag, you’re actually consuming more calories than you realise.  2. Total Carbohydrates Carbohydrates provide energy. The total carbohydrates include total sugars, added sugars, and fibre. Look for products with sugars, especially added sugars. If the quantity of added sugars is more, avoid that product.  3. Added Sugars Underneath the Section of Total Sugars Many processed foods these days have added sugars in addition to natural sugar. Knowing the existence and amount of added sugar when you are concerned about your child’s health can help a lot when buying.   For instance, plain yogurt may contain 10 grams of Total Sugar per cup with zero Added Sugars. At the same time, a blueberry-flavoured yogurt may contain 20 grams of Total Sugar with 10 grams of Added Sugar.  4. Fats Fats provide energy. In a label, the Total Fats indicate the amount of fat in a single serving of food. Total Fats are categorised under trans fats (bad for health), saturated fats (bad for health), and unsaturated fats (good for health). Avoid products with high trans fats or saturated fats.  5. Sodium Sodium is an element found in salt. It helps with fluid balance is the body, but the excess can cause high blood pressure. Since foods also have naturally occurring sodium in them, look for foods with less sodium content.  6. Dietary Fibre Dietary fibre plays a huge rule in maintaining gut health and bowel movement. It also helps lower cholesterol and the risk of colon cancer. Select foods that are rich in fibre.  7. Protein From muscle and organ building to keeping the immune system intact, protein makes up most of the body. Select foods rich in protein.  8. The % Daily Value The Daily Value (DV) tells how much of a certain nutrient you should consume daily. When you see a Percent Daily Value (%DV) listed on food packaging, it shows you the proportion of that nutrient present in one serving of the food compared to your daily requirement.  For example, if a food item has a Daily Value of 20% for iron, it means that one serving of that food provides 20% of the iron you need in a day. So, checking the %DV can help you understand how much of a nutrient you’re getting from the food you eat.   9. What to Limit and What to Take Total Carbohydrate uncovers sugar and fibre content. You should buy food that has more fibre, vitamins, and minerals in its nutrition facts label and avoid that is low in calories and high in sodium, saturated fat, trans fat, and added sugars.  The expert Dr. Minal Acharya says, “Consciously reading the food labels before making food purchases is an important aspect of healthy eating. As per the findings of the survey by the National Institute of Nutrition, most consumers prioritise brand name over nutritional value when making food purchasing decisions. This highlights the need for increased education and awareness regarding the significance of reading and comprehending food labels to make informed dietary choices.” Manufacturing, Expiration, Best-Before & Use-by Dates on Food Labels Ever felt confused when sometimes it is ‘Best Before’ and sometimes it is ‘Use By?’ We’ve been there, too. Food safety labelling requires manufacturers to provide date for foods with a shelf life of less than 2 years to help consumers know when the food is safe and unsafe. Let’s break down the terminology.  1. Use By Use by date on food labels refers to the date till which the food is safe to consume. Foods cannot be sold once the use by date passes. This type is usually used for perishable goods, like meat, fish, and dairy.  2. Best Before According to Harvard, the ‘best before’ date tells you the date by which food is at its good quality if stored in the recommended way (3). Even after the best-before date, the food might still be okay to eat, but it might not taste as good or have all its nutrients.    Stores can sell products after the best-before date if they’re still safe to eat (7).  3. Packaged On ‘Packaged on’ or ‘Baked on’ is typically used for highly perishable goods like bread to indicate its freshness.  What Do Food Labels Claim?  Manufacturers often lure customers by making the front packaging attractive and adding claims like ‘100% cholesterol–free,’ ‘organic,’ ‘fat-free,’ ‘high fibre,’ ‘low sodium,’ ‘reduced fat,’ and more. Food and Drug Administration controls some of the common claims, and manufacturers must abide by the guidelines to make attractive claims (8) (9) (4). ‘Cholesterol-free’ means there’s no cholesterol in the product, but it could still have fat.  ‘Fat-free’ means there’s very little fat, less than 0.15%.  ‘Lite or light’ might just mean it’s light in flavour or texture, so it’s important to check the fat content.  ‘Organic or certified organic’ means different groups check and approve it as organic, but their rules might vary.  ‘Oven baked, not fried’ could still have fat from spraying or coating of oil.  ‘Reduced fat or salt’ means it has at least 25% less fat or salt than the original, but it might still be high in those.  ‘Sugar-free or no added sugar’ means it doesn’t have table sugar but could still have other sugars like stevia or be high in calories, salt, or fat. How to Avoid Allergies By Reading Food Labels?  The authorities require manufacturers to mention food allergens that have been used or exposed in their products’ food allergy labels, even if the amount is minimal. Many children develop intolerance or allergies toward certain products. Reading this will help mitigate the instances.  Common food allergens as per the FDA include (10): Milk  Wheat  Fish  Peanuts  Tree nuts  Shellfish  Eggs  Soybeans  Lupin  Sesame  The information can be presented in different ways, like:  Contains egg  Albumin (egg)  Whey protein  Contains casein – refers to the milk protein   May contain traces of – a warning if the food is prepared in the same equipment as with food allergens  May contain milk If your child is allergic or intolerant to any of the food allergens or you have a family history of allergies, it is always better to consult your paediatrician or dietician to find out about the hidden ingredients and what foods to watch out for while label reading.  How to Use the Percentage % Daily Value on Food Labels? As we mentioned before, the per cent Daily Value (%DV) shows you how much of that nutrient you’re getting from that food compared to what you need for the whole day. So, if you see something with a ‘20% DV’ for calcium, it means that serving gives you about a fifth of the calcium you need for the day.  Remember to check the percentage labelling of the characterising ingredient(s) or component(s) on the back of the product when comparing food labels. For example, a packet of cupcakes might say 45% milk solids, while another might say 75% milk solids.  Here’s the trick according to the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) and Harvard (3) (2):  If a food has 5% or less of the Daily Value for a nutrient, it’s not giving you much of that nutrient. In this, all the baddies like trans fats and sodium should come.  If it has 20% or more, it means it is high in that nutrient. Look for calcium and vitamins in this percentage.  Compare the % Daily Value for similar foods, and decide.  5% Daily Value or less 20% Daily Value or more Aim for this percentage if planning a heart-healthy diet Aim for this percentage if planning for good bone health and structure Saturated fats Calcium Trans fats Fibre Sodium Iron Cholesterol Vitamins A and C   Potassium Guide to Reading Ingredient Lists for Healthier Food Choices  Manufacturers may play wisely when marketing products as ‘healthier’ and ‘less sugar’, all the while including a different form, like dextrose or monosaccharides, that may contribute to fats and sugars in products. Screenshot the chart below, keep this handy while shopping, and become a labelling wizard (7). Saturated and other added fats Sugars Salt (terms like ‘oven fried,’ ‘baked,’ or ‘toasted’ imply that fat is used in the food preparation) (Look for ingredients ending in ‘-ose’ or ‘-tol’)   Beef fat Sucrose Sodium Butter Sorbitol Rock Salt Mayonnaise Dextrose Sea salt Coconut Fructose Seasoning Coconut oil or palm oil Glucose sodium bicarbonate Cream Brown sugar monosodium glutamate (MSG) Vegetable oils and fats Corn syrup Garlic salt Hydrogenated oils Fruit juice concentrate/fruit paste Onion salt Egg Deionised fruit juice sodium metabisulphate Mono-, di- or triglycerides Disaccharides sodium nitrate/nitrite Full-cream milk powder Honey Stock cubes Sour cream Lactose Celery salt Lard Malt Meat or yeast extract Dipping Molasses Baking powder Shortening Maple syrup Booster Copha Monosaccharides     Xylitol     Golden syrup     Maltose     Mannitol     Raw sugar     Maltodextrin     Crystalline fructose     Galactose   Which Food Additives Can Affect Your Child?  Food additives are extra ingredients put into food to improve their taste, quality, or shelf life. Additives added directly to products come under the ingredients, often with their chemical names, like sodium chloride for salt, ascorbic acid for vitamin C, or Blue #2 or Yellow #5 for artificial colours. Indirect additives used in processing or packaging, like plastic, dyes, and different types of coatings, can severely impact a child’s health.  The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) policy, ‘Food Additives and Child Health,’ has identified that many food additives may interfere with children’s hormones, growth, and development (11) (12). Chemical Food-related Use Health Issues Synthetic artificial food colours (AFCs) Food colour commonly used in children’s processed foods and beverages Impacts children’s behaviour and attention Nitrates and nitrites Preservative and colour enhancer for meats, fish, and cheese Carcinogenicity, thyroid hormone disruption Bisphenol A (BPA) Plastic containers and beverage cans Imbalances nervous and immune systems, changes puberty timing, increases body fat Phthalates Clear plastic food wrap Increases obesity, affects cardiovascular function, affects male genital development Perfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs Grease-proof paper and paperboard Decreased birth weight, supresses immune system, increases obesity Perchlorate Food packaging Thyroid hormone disruption Nutrition Labels on Front and Side or Back-of-Package  Before you get to reading food labels, you must know how the packaging of the product works.  1. Front of Packaging (FOP) The front of the packaging is the influencing side of the product that prompts a purchase. Food manufacturers use eye-catching graphics and symbols to highlight their products’ health USPs, like ‘fewer calories’ and ‘low sugar’ to effectively target their customers.  2. Side and Back-of-Packaging The side and back of packaging contains all sorts of information from ingredients and nutritional value label to allergy information, food license number, authority logo, and dates.  Nutrition Information Panels (NIP)  The nutrition information panel (NIP) is the tabular panel that includes food components — energy (kilojoules), total fat, saturated fat, protein, total carbohydrates, sugar, sodium, and sometimes fibre and calcium—in a standard per 100 grams or 100 ml weight or serving sizes. Please remember that serving sizes may vary with brands when comparing labels. The best choices generally have less bad stuff like saturated fat, sodium, and sugar, and more good stuff like fibre.  Shopping Tips for Food Products  Understanding nutrition labels is not rocket-science. We have simplified some wise shopping tips to ensure a healthier you:  Don’t get fazed by the front packaging and make decisions based on the food tags or claims at the front.  Take a quick look at the nutrition labels. Look out for details about energy, fat, saturated fat, sugars, and salt.  Many labels use colours like red, amber, and green: green means good to go, amber means okay, and red means stop or be cautious. So, aim for more greens and ambers and fewer reds for a healthier choice.  Be sceptical of products with a long list of ingredients, as they may contain many additives. FAQs  1. What are compound ingredients? Compound ingredients are those ingredients that are made up by a mixture of other ingredients. For instance, in a chocolate chip ice cream, ingredients may include milk, sugar, chocolate, and so on. If the chocolate is sourced directly, it will be listed as it is; if it is made by mixing ingredients, then it could be listed as Ingredients: milk, sugar, chocolate (cocoa powder, cocoa butter, sugar).  2. How does the ordering of the ingredients list work? Ingredients are always listed in descending order of weight, so the most used ingredient comes first. If sugar and butter come first before flour in a brownie’s ingredient list, it means it is likely to be a high-fat brownie (13).  Disclaimer: The content provided in the article is for educational purposes only and does not intend to provide personal medical advice. The information is sourced from several food authorities in different nations. The nutritional advice for food preparation and packaging may vary with different safety standards and statutory bodies. It is requested to take the above information for broader educational purposes and consult the authority or a doctor for any doubts you may have regarding a medical condition. Refrain from replacing or disregarding professional medical advice with the information provided here.   The nutrition label on food packages is designed to help us make informed choices about what we eat and drink. By paying close attention to the ingredients and staying up to date and open-eyed on food claims, food label nutrition facts, and allergen information, you can save a lot of trouble and ensure a healthier version of you and your family.  References/Resources: 1. Food Labels; CDC; https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/managing/eat-well/food-labels.html 2. How to Read Labels; FSSAI; https://eatrightindia.gov.in/how-to-read-label.jsp 3. Understanding Food Labels; Harvard T.H. Chan; https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/food-label-guide/ 4. Reading Food Labels; Humana; https://kidshealth.org/HumanaLouisiana/en/parents/food-labels.html 5. Parent Tips: How to Use the Nutrition Facts Label; NIH; https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/downloads/nutritionlabel.pdf 6. Do You Eat Right; FSSAI; https://fssai.gov.in/upload/knowledge_hub/852185f89a7fc009c5Book_Do_You_Eat_Right_16_10_2020.pdf 7. Food labels; BetterHealth Channel; https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/food-labels#what-are-compound-ingredients 8. Nutrient Content Claims; FDA Reader; https://www.fdareader.com/blog/2018/12/13/product-claims 9. Title 21; Code of Federal Regulations; https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-101/subpart-A#101.13 10. Food Allergies: What You Need to Know; FDA; https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/food-allergies-what-you-need-know 11. Food Additives: What Parents Should Know; American Academy of Pediatrics; https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/nutrition/Pages/Food-Additives.aspx 12. Trasande. L, Shaffer. R. M, et al.; Food Additives and Child Health; AAP Publications; https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/142/2/e20181408/37584/Food-Additives-and-Child-Health?autologincheck=redirected; August 2018 13. Food labels; NHS; https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/food-guidelines-and-food-labels/how-to-read-food-labels/ Also Read: Best Healthy Foods for Kids Essential Nutrients Your Baby Needs Baby Foods You Should Give Your Child Read more

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Baby Teething Biscuits – Benefits and Recipes

Teething is one of the important milestones associated with the growth of a baby. When a baby starts teething, parents should be glad that their child is moving in the right direction, and a few months down the line, you can introduce solids to him. Generally, teething varies in babies across different months, but taking care of the dental area is extremely important right from the start. Using teething biscuits for a 7-month-old baby to keep the feelings of discomfort in check is a popular way that many parents around the world are adopting. Though feeding teething biscuits is a convenient option, preparing the baby teething biscuits properly and being aware of the risks is also important. When Should You Give Teething Biscuits to Infants? Every baby is unique in his own way; some babies may meet their development milestones in time, while others may not. A few babies have been known to begin teething as early as the age of 3 months, while others might take a year for the same. The typical age for teething in babies is between 6 and 8 months old. In any case, if a baby has just started teething, it is not recommended to introduce teething biscuits immediately. Once the baby is around 10 months old or more and his control over the jaw is better, you can give him hard biscuits that he can gnaw on safely. However, make sure your baby eats a biscuit under your supervision to prevent him from choking. Benefits of Teething Biscuits for Babies The reason why teething biscuits are generally recommended for babies over any other alternatives to alleviate the teething sensation is due to the advantages they bring when babies start using them. By simply gnawing and attempting to chew on the biscuits that are made from nutritious ingredients, your baby is at a higher chance of receiving certain substances that support his health indirectly. This isn’t possible if you use teething toys or any other options. Teething biscuits taste good, which indicates to the child that it is food. Hence, your child will begin learning to handle the biscuits properly in his hand, thus teaching himself the techniques to eat food items or hold the bottle without your support. The uncomfortable sensation of teething can be satisfied only when there is a good amount of pressure on the gums. The teething biscuits ensure that this happens in a properly distributed manner, which is also safe and natural for the kid. Are There Any Risks of Giving Teething Biscuits to a Child? Parents who are thinking of getting teething biscuits for their babies often wonder if teething biscuits are safe for babies. Well, there are certain risks associated with it, which one definitely needs to be aware of. Leaving your child alone with teething biscuits could put him at risk of choking on the biscuits by himself. Letting him do so while lying down further increases the chances that the biscuits will crack into pieces and suffocate him. Preparing the biscuits with the right ingredients is necessary. Using inappropriate ingredients could introduce certain substances into your baby’s body, which could make him react adversely to them. Opting for teething biscuits that are sweet or make use of sugary substances puts your child at risk of early tooth decay and cavities since he is exposed to sugary items early in life. Giving your child store-bought teething biscuits is not safe, as a recent FDA Total Diet Study revealed high levels of lead in teething biscuits. Therefore, only homemade teething biscuits are safe. Using Teething Biscuits Ingredients That Are Not Recommended for Babies Less Than 6 Months old While preparing teething biscuits for your child, there are certain ingredients that are not good for babies less than six months old. If you are including them in the preparation, you need to make sure your baby is older than six months and that the child is not allergic to them. These are generally not recommended for babies, and it is better to prepare biscuits without them. 1. Dairy Products On an extremely generic level, a tiny amount of milk or other products derived from it seem to work for a child when used in a bakery product. However, it is best avoided at all times. Giving your child cow’s milk in any form is ill-advised, especially when the child is less than a year old. At the same time, making sure that lactose intolerance is not a condition your child is suffering from is a necessity as well. 2. Salt There are specific recipes for preparing teething biscuits for babies that make use of salt as a necessary ingredient. The proportion of it is absolutely minimal, especially in those biscuits that make use of eggs, so as to keep all the ingredients together in a homogenous nature and support the baking. Elsewhere, adding salt to the recipe should be avoided at all costs. Instead, flavour the teething biscuits with 3. Wheat Generally, most doctors are against the idea of introducing any wheat-based products or items that include gluten in a baby’s diet until he is more than 6 months old. Even that should be undertaken after checking for any previous incidents of gluten-based intolerance in family members. There are numerous recipes for teething biscuits that are wheat-free or make use of alternatives as well. 4. Sugar The inclusion of sugar in most recipes is common since it is a primary ingredient that provides the structure to the biscuit. If you wish to avoid sugar, then opt for syrup of brown rice, a pinch of jaggery or dates syrup to sweeten the baby biscuits. Stay away from honey at all costs since it is not good for babies under 1 year of age. 5. Eggs Eggs form a core part of various biscuit recipes. However, there are established links of egg-related allergies in young babies, which may still happen even after subjecting the eggs to different preparation procedures. Certain teething biscuits use baking powder as a substitute for egg, but make sure that the powder itself does not contain egg derivatives. Which Cooking Oil Should Be Used in Teething Biscuit Recipes? Since teething biscuits are usually used for babies that are roughly between the ages of 8 months and one year, there are specific cooking oils that ought to be used. The best one is corn oil, which can be used without worry. Using vegetable oil is not a problem as well, but it is generally advised to use fat-based vegetable oil in minimal quantities. When it comes to olive oil, use the extra-virgin variant so that the smell of the oil is kept in control. If the biscuit itself has a strong aroma to it, you can use the traditional one. Easy Teething Biscuit Recipes To make it easy to introduce your baby to teething biscuits, here are recipes that are easy to make, safe to use, and quite interesting for your little one as well. 1. Oats Drops This is one of the best teething biscuits, as it does not contain any wheat or eggs, making it extremely safe for your child. Ingredients: Corn oil Vanilla extract Mashed bananas Baking powder Nutmeg Cardamom Salt Ground Oats Quick Oats How to Prepare? Mix the dry ingredients in a large bowl. Mix the wet ingredients in another bowl. Now, add these ingredients to the larger bowl containing the dry ones. Once all the ingredients are thoroughly mixed, use a spoon to place the exact proportion of the mixture on a baking sheet greased with oil. Keep the shapes small so that they can be easily held by your child but not swallowed. Once placed, put this on a baking tray and set it in the oven. Bake the biscuits at 180 degrees for around 20 minutes or so. 2. Eggless Cereal Cookies  A nutritious alternative to help your child with a teething problem. Ingredients: Cold ice water Cooking oil Dry rice cereal with banana mix Flour How to Prepare? Prepare the oven by heating it to 220 degrees. Mix together the cereal along with the flour in a bowl. Add oil to it and stir well. Follow it up with some ice water until the entire mixture begins to roll like a ball. Form cookie shapes with it and place them in the oven to bake for around 10 minutes. 3. Thin Wheat Cookies As this recipe contains wheat, it is not suitable for babies less than six months of age. Wheat-based cookies are best for babies who are more than 8 months old; these cookies also do not contain eggs. Ingredients: Water Oil Sugar Wheat germ Whole wheat flour Oatmeal How to Prepare? In a bowl, mix all the ingredients and roll a large portion onto a sheet. Use a cutter to cut out various shapes and place them in a baking tray. Leave them for 15-20 minutes in an oven at 180 degrees. Let it cool, and your biscuits are ready. 4. Nutritious Biscuits These biscuits make use of egg yolk instead of whites, which is comparatively safe and imparts a great flavour to the biscuits. However, since this is an egg-based recipe, it is best to give it to older babies who are more than 6 months of age and that too, after consulting a doctor. Ingredients: Dry milk Wheat germ Soy flour Whole wheat flour Oatmeal Oil Vanilla Egg yolk, beaten How to Prepare? Mix together all wet ingredients first and then add the dry ingredients to the mixture to make a dough. Roll out the dough and cut it out into the shapes of your choice. Place the cut cookies in a baking tray and let them sit in the oven at 180 degrees for about 15-20 minutes. 5. Banana Breadsticks A small twist on traditional biscuits, with a different shape and a different taste. This recipe also uses wheal flour so check for an allergy before giving it to your baby. Ingredients: Baking soda Baking powder Whole wheat flour Mashed bananas Eggs Oil Brown sugar How to Prepare? Make a smooth batter using all the ingredients and pour it into a pan. Place it in the oven at 180 degrees for an hour or so to bake. Once cooled, cut the portion into sticks and bake them again at 65 degrees for an hour until they are hard. Homemade baby teething biscuits are always a better choice than any other commercially available teething options. Healthy, homemade products can be beneficial for your baby’s development. Making use of teething biscuits with timely supervision can relieve him of the teething discomfort and introduce him to the world of various tastes and flavours, too. References/Resources: 1. Arsenic in baby food is all too common, but there is a solution; PIRG; https://pirg.org/articles/arsenic-in-baby-food-is-all-too-common-but-there-is-a-solution/; September 2022 2. FDA Total Diet Study (TDS): FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Report; FDA; https://www.fda.gov/media/159745/download?attachment; July 2022 3. Teething; MedlinePlus; https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm 4. Teething Tots; Nemours KidsHealth; https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/teething.html 5. Baby teething symptoms; NHS; https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/babys-development/teething/baby-teething-symptoms/ Also Read: Late Teething in Infants Common Baby Teething Symptoms Effective Baby Teething Remedies Read more

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Soy Formula For Babies – Is It Safe?

Hello, dear parents and caregivers! One of the most essential choices you’ll make for your little one is what they’ll eat in their first year. At the same time, breast milk is generally considered the gold standard; not all families can or choose to use it. Enter soy formula, a plant-based option that has stirred both interest and controversy. But the big question is, “Is it safe for your baby?” What Is Soya Formula? Soy formula is a type of infant formula derived from whole soybeans (7). It’s lactose-free and considered an alternative to cow’s milk formula, especially for babies who are lactose intolerant or have a cow’s milk allergy (3). The primary protein source is the soybean, while the carbohydrates come from corn or sucrose. Why Is It Used? Choosing the right baby soy formula can be challenging. Soy formula has been introduced as an alternative to cow’s milk-based formula for several reasons. 1. Lactose Intolerance: For lactose-intolerant babies, soy formula is a lactose-free option (4). 2. Cow’s Milk Allergy: Some babies are allergic to cow’s milk; soy formula provides a suitable alternative. 3. Dietary Preferences: Some parents choose soy formula to align with vegetarian or vegan lifestyle choices. 4. Special Medical Conditions: Certain gastrointestinal issues may make soy formula more easily digestible for some babies. Types of Soya Formula There’s no one-size-fits-all when it comes to baby formulas. Here’s a look at the types of soy formulas available in the market (6): 1. Ready-to-Feed: These are convenient but are generally more expensive. 2. Powdered: These are cost-effective and have a longer shelf life. 3. Concentrated Liquid: Like powdered form, it is liquid concentrated. Is Soy Formula Good for Babies? The safety of soya formula for babies is a topic that has been studied widely and is still a matter of debate among healthcare professionals. While soy based baby formula meets the nutritional requirements set by the FDA for infant formula, it’s best to consult your paediatrician before switching your baby to a soy-based formula. Based on their specific health conditions, some babies may benefit from it, while others might not react well. Nutritional Value of Soy Formula The nutritional profile of soy infant formula is designed to be as close as possible to that of breast milk. Soy formulas contain all the essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals that your baby needs. They are fortified with nutrients like calcium and Vitamin D, which are naturally found in cow’s milk but not in soybeans. Are There any Health Benefits of Soy Formula for Babies?   Beyond meeting basic nutritional needs, soy formula has some specific health benefits. 1. Nutritional Profile Soy formula is often fortified with essential nutrients such as calcium, vitamin D, and iron, providing a balanced diet for babies who cannot consume dairy-based formulas. 2. Lactose Intolerance Babies who are lactose intolerant or have difficulty digesting lactose may benefit from soy formula as it is lactose-free. 3. Allergy Management Soy formula is an alternative source of protein for infants with cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA), reducing the risk of allergic reactions (1). 4. Vegetarian or Vegan Families Families following a vegetarian or vegan diet may prefer soy formula as it aligns with their dietary choices while providing necessary nutrients for their baby’s growth and development. 5. Reduced Cholesterol Levels Some research suggests that soy-based products contribute to lower cholesterol levels later in life. However, more studies are needed to confirm this effect, specifically in infants consuming soy formula. 6. Digestive Health Soy formula contains prebiotics and probiotics that can promote healthy gut flora in infants, potentially reducing the risk of digestive issues such as constipation or diarrhoea (8). Comparing Soya Formula With Other Formulas It is essential to understand how soy formula compares to other options, mainly cow’s milk-based and specialised formulas. Soy formula is designed to be equivalent to cow’s milk-based formula in terms of nutritional content. However, the proteins are plant-based, which could be a pro or con, depending on your child’s needs and underlying health issues. Concerns About Soya Formula Soy baby formula pros and cons are topics of ongoing research and discussion among experts. Concerns about soy formula revolve around its phytoestrogen content, which is said to mimic the hormone estrogen in the human body (5). The long-term effects of this still need to be fully understood. Are Soy Isoflavones Dangerous To Infants? One of the most debated topics regarding soy formulas is the presence of soy isoflavones, a type of phytoestrogen. While there is no conclusive evidence that soy isoflavones harm infants (2), consulting a healthcare provider for personalised advice is essential. When Should a Baby Avoid Consuming Soy Formula? Soy formula isn’t a universal fit for every infant. While it serves as an alternative for many families, there are certain situations where its use might not be advisable. Here are some specific instances when a baby should avoid consuming soy formula. Soy Allergy: If your baby has a diagnosed soy allergy or shows signs of an allergic reaction after consuming soy products, soy formula is a definite no-go. Galactosemia or Other Metabolic Disorders: Babies with metabolic disorders like galactosemia can’t correctly process certain sugars, making soy formula unsuitable. Premature Birth: Premature infants often have different nutritional needs, requiring higher amounts of certain nutrients, such as calcium and phosphorus, which are usually lower in soy formulas. Certain Gastrointestinal Conditions: Some digestive disorders might be exacerbated by the components in soy formula. In such cases, specialised formulas might be recommended. Family History of Hormone-Sensitive Cancers: Due to the phytoestrogens in soy, some healthcare providers might advise against using soy formula if there is a family history of hormone-sensitive cancers. However, research in this area is inconclusive. Always consult your paediatrician before significantly changing your baby’s diet, especially when switching to or from soy formula. Things to Keep in Mind While Switching Your Baby to Soy Formula Transitioning to soy formula is a significant step that should be taken with seriousness. While you may have your reasons for considering this alternative, it’s essential to approach the switch with proper guidance and caution. Here are some critical things to remember when changing your baby’s formula to soy-based. Consult Your Paediatrician First: This should be your first step. Your child’s doctor can provide advice tailored to your baby’s unique health needs and conditions. Transition Slowly: It’s advisable to introduce the new formula gradually. You can start by mixing it with the formula your baby is already used to. During this phase, observe for any allergic reactions or digestive issues. Choose Fortified Versions: Always choose a soy formula fortified with essential nutrients like iron, calcium, and vitamin D to ensure your baby receives all the nutrients it needs. Monitor for Allergic Reactions: Watch for signs of an allergic reaction, such as hives, a runny nose, or digestive discomfort. Consult your paediatrician immediately if you notice any adverse reactions. Check the Expiry Date and Packaging: Always check the expiry date and ensure the packaging is intact before using a new formula. A damaged or compromised package can risk contamination. Remember, your child’s well-being is of the utmost importance. Make informed decisions by consulting healthcare professionals and relying on verified information. What Is the Difference Between Soy Milk and Soy Formula? Soy milk and soy formula are different and should not be used interchangeably. Soy formula is fortified with the essential nutrients babies need for growth and development, while soy milk is not. Soy milk is for older children and adults and lacks the vital nutrients a baby requires during their first year. So there you have it! Whether considering soy formula as an option or just exploring, remember that every baby is unique. Always consult your paediatrician to tailor the best nutritional plan for your little one. We hope this comprehensive guide has helped shed light on the safety, benefits, and concerns surrounding soy formula for babies. Happy parenting! References/Resources: 1. Concerns for the use of soy-based formulas in infant nutrition; Paediatrics Child Health; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2661347/; February 2009 2. Russell. J. M, Belinda. H. J; Safety of Soy-Based Infant Formulas Containing Isoflavones: The Clinical Evidence; The Journal of Nutrition; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316623027906; May 2004 3. Formula Feeding FAQs: Some Common Concerns; Nemours KidsHealth; https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/formulafeed-concerns.html 4. Fuchs III. G. J, Abrams. S. A; Choosing a Baby Formula; American Academy of Pediatrics; https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/formula-feeding/Pages/choosing-an-infant-formula.aspx 5. Bhatia. J, Greer. F; Use of Soy Protein-Based Formulas in Infant Feeding; American Academy of Pediatrics; https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/121/5/1062/73488/Use-of-Soy-Protein-Based-Formulas-in-Infant?autologincheck=redirected; May 2008 6. Jana. L, Shu. J; Forms of Baby Formula: Powder, Concentrate & Ready-to-Feed; American Academy of Pediatrics; https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/formula-feeding/Pages/Forms-of-Baby-Formula.aspx 7. Types of formula; NHS; https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/types-of-formula/ 8. Lönnerdal. B; Nutritional aspects of soy formula; PubMed; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7841612/ Also Read: Soy Milk for Babies – Benefits and Side-Effects Soy Allergy in Babies – Symptoms, Management and Safety Tips Read more

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