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Asthma in Pregnancy – Risks, Symptoms & Treatment

Having asthma in pregnancy can make pregnant women worry if their condition could in any way harm their babies. Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disease of the lungs that constricts the airways due to swelling and results in an attack in the form of chest tightness, shortness of breath, or coughing. It is variable and recurring in nature. In fact, pregnancy is a time when asthma symptoms may even improve. Asthma is also one of the most common complications which can be controlled and reduced effectively. In this article, we discuss symptoms, causes, how the condition affects pregnancy, what to do if you experience an asthma attack in pregnancy, and tips for navigating pregnancy with asthma. Scroll down! Asthma and Pregnancy According to the Cleveland Clinic, about 40% of women experience worsening of asthma during pregnancy, while the remaining 60% either don’t notice changes or actually have their symptoms improved (1). Thus, the condition could improve, stay the same, or deteriorate during the gestation period. But three months after delivery, your condition will return to the condition it was before pregnancy. If the condition does deteriorate, it happens mostly in the third trimester, which could result in premature delivery. Such adverse results can be avoided by controlling the disease under the guidance of your doctor. It is also important to note that the chances of asthma during pregnancy 2nd trimester are similar to the chances of asthma during the 3rd trimester. Asthma Symptoms When Pregnant The symptoms of asthma when pregnant are the same symptoms experienced in general. The symptoms can either be regular or may appear occasionally as asthma attacks, where you go from being perfectly fine to suddenly having a problem with breathing. According to Brown University Health, a pregnant woman with asthma may experience any of the following (2): Shortness of breath Chest tightness Coughing, which could go from mild to severe Wheezing, which appears as a coarse or shrill sound when your airway is partially blocked Different Causes of Asthma 1. Hormonal Changes Hormonal fluctuations can sometimes dry out the sinuses, causing them to become inflamed. This could make your nose feel stuffy, making breathing difficult. 2. Environmental Triggers Asthma can happen as a result of exposure to various agents or could be more frequent during the night time. A few of the agents which trigger an attack are: Dust Animal hair or feathers Pollen Respiratory tract infections Smoke Physical strain 3. Temperature or Weather Sometimes attacks could be caused by fluctuations in temperature or weather conditions, making you more susceptible during the night. This is due to sudden changes in the temperature or humidity of the air you breathe in. 4. Stress Attacks have also been found to occur when there is stress, anxiety or, in the case of very sensitive individuals, a fit of laughter. 5. Acid Reflux Surprisingly, acid reflux caused during pregnancy can also make the pre-existing condition worse (3). It’s when the stomach acid travels up the oesophagus tube towards your throat. How Does Asthma Affect Your Pregnancy? The effect of asthma depends on your exposure to a trigger, duration of your attack and quickness with which you respond to it. When an asthma attack hits, it constricts your bronchial tubes and decreases the airflow into your lungs substantially. In such cases, the oxygen level in the blood depletes, and all the cells in the body become hypoxic (receiving less oxygen). This, in turn, reduces the amount of oxygen which reaches your growing baby. When under such stress, the quickness of your medical response determines how long your baby is exposed and the influence of stress on the baby. According to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, a few of the complications from uncontrolled asthma are possible and include (4): preeclampsia pregnancy-induced hypertension uterine haemorrhage preterm labour premature labour congenital anomalies Such risks and complications can be reduced drastically by controlling the disease and being vigilant when an attack hits. It has been observed that more women with the condition had preterm labour than those without the condition. Diagnosis of Asthma During Pregnancy The diagnostic process for asthma in pregnancy is similar to the general diagnosis. Taking your pregnancy into consideration, your doctor will only recommend you tests that are safe for you and your developing baby. The diagnosis may follow as (1): Taking note of medical history, symptoms experienced, and when they tend to worsen. Physical examination. Spirometry, which is a test that measures the airflow throughout your lungs If needed, your doctor may prescribe you some blood tests or imaging procedures to understand whether any other conditions are triggering your asthma. Asthma Treatment and Management During Pregnancy Asthma treatment and pregnancy is simple. Consult your OB/GYN to discuss the medications and treatment you followed prior to when you conceived. All asthma medicines have been declared safe for ingestion during pregnancy and do not affect your baby in any way whatsoever. Stopping the medications can put your baby at risk (1). Treating a mild symptom of an asthma flare-up early on can help prevent it developing into a severe asthma attack (1). If you are concerned about the baby inheriting asthma, it can be closely monitored and checked for symptoms via an ultrasound. According to the guidelines released by the Australian National Council in 2014, management of asthma for pregnant women has been regarded as the same as for non-pregnant women with asthma. The main focus of asthma management in pregnancy would be (5): Prevention of exposure to attacks during the day and night due to fluctuations in temperature and humidity. Maintaining a normal pulmonary status and healthy non-strenuous activities. Minimising the exposure to attacks. Using therapies with minimal side effects during pregnancy. It is not sufficient to maintain your own health, but constant checks on the growing baby are also required to make sure a healthy flow of oxygenated blood is maintained. It has been found that most drugs are safe for the growing baby, transmitting very few side effects. The following table gives a list of drugs which have been studied for their safety and complication-imparting consensus. Drug Type Drug Comments Bronchodilators Albuterol, Metaproterenol, Terutaline Considered safe for baby and mother Longer-acting bronchodilators salmeterol, formoterol combined with inhaled glucocorticoids safe for mother and baby Glucocorticoids pills – prednisone; inhaled- beclomethasone, budesonide, fluticasone Safe for mother and baby Oral glucocorticoids Small increased risk of cleft lip, cleft palate, premature delivery or low birth weight. Mother could develop gestational diabetes, high blood pressure. Will need glucocorticoids as IV during labour and delivery Inhaled glucocorticoids Budesonide, Fluticasone, Beclomethasone Among the safest during pregnancy Immunotherapy (allergy shots) Safe for women who were receiving before pregnancy but not prescribed for women who start it during pregnancy Sulfonamides Safe during the first trimester, results in jaundice in the infant if used in later stages Tetracyclines unsafe, may cause skeletal or dental deformities No medicine has been tested to be entirely safe during pregnancy, but it is highly recommended that you continue with your treatment so as to reduce the triggers and nullify any complications due to an attack. How to Prevent Asthma Attacks During Pregnancy? Asthma can be minimised or prevented greatly during pregnancy if the following measures are taken: 1. Avoid Triggers The main step in minimising asthmatic attacks during pregnancy would be to identify your trigger. Triggers may differ from one individual to another. A few of the triggers could be – Dust – Let somebody else do the dusting and make sure you cover your face with a dupatta or a mask when someone is dusting so as not to breathe in any minute particles. Dust mites – These are mostly found in dust and are very common on bedspreads or sofa cushions. Make sure you wash and change the linen every week. Animal hair or feathers – Avoid coming in contact with pets or any animal fur, which could be a trigger for you. Pollen – During the spring season, minimise going out as much as you can or cover your face to trap the tiny pollen seeds. Make sure to stay away from fields of flowers or not get caught in a windy situation, which would carry these pollen grains. Fluctuating temperatures or weather – Most women become susceptible to attacks during the night. Due to the drop in temperature and change in humidity, the sensitive nasal tract is affected, and an attack is instigated. If you are influenced by such factors, make sure you take extra precautions as the night approaches to gradually adapt your body to accept the change. Avoid entering or exiting a stuffy room because the sudden change in temperature could act as a trigger. Use a face mask during such conditions. 2. Maintain a healthy and calm environment Practice yoga, eat healthy foods and be positive. In case there is an onset of an attack, keep your medications and your inhaler in an easily accessible area known to all your family members. This makes it easier for them to assist you during an attack. Sit (do not lie down), keep calm, concentrate on drawing in deep, full breaths and do not get tense. If the condition persists, consult your doctor immediately. 3. Vaccination During Pregnancy Vaccination is highly necessary to protect you and your baby from developing severe infection. Vaccinations for whooping cough (pertussis), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza (flu) are recommended during pregnancy to prevent complications from arising, including breathing issues (6). FAQs 1. Will asthma medications harm my newborn baby? No. Most of the asthma medications prescribed for non-pregnant women have been deemed safe for pregnant women as well. The treatment, though, would need to be checked and planned according to how pregnancy influences the disease condition. 2. What do I do if my asthma gets worse during pregnancy? If you are among the one-third whose asthma worsens during pregnancy, then consult your doctor. Explain your condition to them and plan out a routine for your treatment. As mentioned before, asthma can be controlled via medications which are considered pregnancy-safe. Your doctor will draw up a treatment plan for asthma during your pregnancy by changing a few of your medications. It is essential that you follow this plan until you deliver. 3. How does asthma affect labour and birth? The occurrence of an asthma attack during labour is very rare because your body is already releasing adrenaline and cortisone during the birthing process. This negates the asthma attack to a large extent. However, if you’re not comfortable, consult your doctor and bring your inhaler along just in case. 4. What if I get an asthma attack during labour? It is very rare that a woman gets an asthma attack during her labour. If you have this concern, you can inform your doula or birthing doctor in advance so that medical arrangements for conditions like these are already taken care of. There needs to be no fear regarding asthma and pregnancy. With proper precautions, it can be easily managed. If you opt to go through a Caesarean, it is advised to use a spinal anaesthetic over a general anaesthetic because you are awake and any complications can be caught early and controlled effectively. It is also safe to use any pain relievers available for all asthmatic women. Also Read: Bronchitis during Pregnancy Trouble Breathing in Pregnancy Breathing Exercises for Pregnant Women Read more

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Anomaly Scan (20 Week Ultrasound) – Purpose, Procedure & Result

There are three trimesters in pregnancy and each trimester holds its importance in the birth cycle of a child. It is essential to get various scans and health check-ups performed during the pregnancy term to ensure that the baby’s growth is normal and on track. An anomaly scan is one such scan that is conducted in the second trimester of pregnancy predominantly to track the growth progress of the foetus. It is also known as the anatomy scan in pregnancy (1). During the scan, the sonographer (the person who performs the test) checks the overall growth of the baby’s organs and the formation of the body structure to ensure that the growth is normal. Let’s understand more about the anomaly scan meaning in detail. What Is an Anomaly Scan (Level 2 Ultrasound)? An anomaly scan, also known as the level 2 ultrasound or a fetal anatomy scan, is a mid-pregnancy scan that takes a closer look at your baby and the uterus (womb) (2). During a 20-week pregnancy ultrasound, the sonographer can assess whether the baby is developing normally and check the position of your placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid around the baby. This scan is also known as a morphology scan or a 20-week scan (3). It is important to note that the purpose of this 18 and 20-week anatomy scan is to check your baby’s health and not to determine the gender. Why Should You Go for an Anomaly Scan? As mentioned above, an anomaly scan is performed to determine the growth and health of your child, including his structural normalcy. It is also done to raise suspicion of any abnormality which might require further testing. According to the Cleveland Clinic, it involves a head-to-toe study of the baby, including the heart, the liver, the kidneys and the brain (4). In other words, it is mandatory to get this scan done to monitor your child’s growth by gauging the development of his organs. An anomaly scan is also an opportunity for the parents to have some beautiful memories to carry home in the form of images/pictures of the foetus. When Is an Anomaly Scan Done? An anomaly screening or prenatal anatomy scan is done in the second trimester of pregnancy. The anomaly scan week is usually between 18 and 20 weeks into the pregnancy (5). The ultrasound scan helps ensure that the child’s growth is normal and that all critical organs are developing correctly. How to Prepare for an Anomaly Scan? Getting an anomaly scan during pregnancy is a normal process, and this does not require any special preparation. However, some tips like those given below can make the scan quick, comfortable and efficient: It is advisable to relax before the scan. Reach the diagnostic centre early and get comfortable. For this scan, it is best to have a full bladder when you come for the test, as the scan cannot be performed on an empty bladder. You may arrive early and drink enough water before you scan. Like most other routine pregnancy scans, even an anomaly scan requires you to expose the tummy from the belly button to the pubic bone, and hence, it is advised to wear clothing which can be easily adjusted. Carry all your previous test reports and medical records so that they are readily available if needed. How Is an Anomaly Scan Done? The first and second trimester anatomy scan uses sound waves to produce images inside the body. The anomaly scan procedure is simple and non-invasive. The sonographer applies a water-based gel to the belly and uses a transducer to collect the sound waves that bounce back. The computer uses these waves to create an image of your child (6). The full anatomy scan does not hurt, but the sonographer may apply slight pressure to get the images. It takes about 30 minutes to complete the scan, after which you are allowed to have a look at the images. The sonographer can help you identify different parts of the child’s body and, sometimes, also show his beating heart. The gender of the baby is never revealed, though, as there are stringent laws on pre-natal diagnostic techniques in India, and hospitals are prohibited from doing so. What Can an Anomaly Scan Detect? The primary purpose of the scan is to ensure that the baby is growing well without abnormalities. The anomaly sonographer checks the following parts of the baby’s developing body during the scan: The Baby’s Heart – The sonographer will check if the baby’s heart is developing and functioning correctly. All the arteries and veins that carry blood to and from the heart are also examined. Cleft lip – The baby’s face is checked for cleft lip. However, spotting a cleft lip is difficult and might not always be picked up during the scan. The Foetus’ Kidneys – The sonographer checks if your foetus has two kidneys and whether the bladder is getting filled or not. In case the bladder is empty at the beginning of the test, it should be easy to observe it getting filled during the scan. Development of the Head – The shape of the foetus’ head is also checked. Problems related to the development of the brain, if any, are highlighted immediately. Development of the Spine – The sonographer also checks if the baby’s spine is developing properly and whether the skin on the back covers it up properly. Limb Development – The sonographer will also check if the baby’s limbs are developing appropriately. The Abdominal Wall – The abdominal wall will be checked to ensure that it covers all the organs in the front. The sonographer will also have a look at the baby’s stomach and highlight any abnormalities related to the stomach from its appearance. Amniotic Fluid – The sonographer will check whether there is sufficient amniotic fluid around the baby to provide protection. Placenta – The position of the placenta is checked during the scan. In case the placenta is placed low in your uterus, your doctor will inform you the same and prescribe another ultrasound during the third trimester to see whether the placenta has moved away from the cervix. In medical terms, this scenario is called placenta previa. A low-lying placenta in the third trimester might cause excessive bleeding during delivery, but a low-lying placenta between 18 and 20 weeks of pregnancy is not a cause for concern. Measurements of the Foetus – The sonographer will also measure your baby’s body parts during the scan and compare this with the standard growth during that stage of pregnancy. The sonographer will usually take anomaly scan measurements of the following: Circumference of the head. Circumference of the abdomen Measurements of the thigh bone. What Does an Anomaly Scan Reveal About the Baby? The scan will show a black-and-white image of your baby. The scan performed is usually a 2D scan, and you can see only one side of your baby, but if you go for a 3D or a 4D scan, you can see a more accurate image of your baby from different angles. As mentioned earlier, the scan will show a general situation of your child’s body, which includes his growth, development and presence of abnormalities (if any). The scan also helps confirm if you have one or more babies. What Are Normal Anomaly Scan Measurements? Since every pregnancy is unique, the measurements, too, may differ. Thus, it is correct to say that normal anomaly scan measurements will vary from pregnancy to pregnancy. Please note that a fetus’s measurements change rapidly with weeks. Thus, if your 20-week ultrasound measurements differ from an average value, it does not necessarily indicate any problem. The doctor will consider all aspects of the measurements, your gestational age, previous scans and other clinical information to come to an analysis. Common anomaly scan normal measurements include: Measurement What Does It Mean Assessment BPD Biparietal diameter, or width of the baby’s head Measures the fetal head size HC Head circumference Assesses fetal head growth AC Abdominal circumference Evaluates abdominal size and overall growth FL Femur length Measures the length of the thigh bone EFW Estimated fetal weight, when calculated Provides an assessment of overall fetal size Can an Anomaly Scan Harm the Mother or the Baby? Unlike X-rays, the ultrasound anomaly scan does not use ionizing radiation and hence is not harmful to the mother or the baby. Also, the sonographer takes precautions to ensure that the mother is comfortable during the scan. The application of gel and use of the transducer could make the scanning process a little uncomfortable, but it is not harmful or painful to get the scan done. What Is the Purpose of an Anomaly Scan? The principal purpose of the anomaly scan is to allow the sonographer to monitor the growth of the baby and determine the health of his vital organs. The scan is used to identify and assess any significant abnormalities that the child may have in any of the body parts. Getting a mid-pregnancy ultrasound scan is recommended to monitor the well-being of the child. The focus is usually on the organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys, and spinal cord of the foetus, the would-be mother’s uterus, the placement of the placenta placement, etc. What Do the Anomaly Scan Results Mean? Anomaly scan results indicate the development of the child in the womb and help in determining the growth graph of the foetus. The results will either show that the foetus is developing normally or it will show up abnormalities if there are any. In case of defects, your doctor will discuss corrective actions. Which Abnormalities Are Detected in an Anomaly Scan? There is a list of observations that the sonographer makes while doing the scan. The list also includes foetal abnormalities, some of which can be treated after your child is born, while some, if severe, can be given immediate medical attention. The sonographer will provide the observation details in the report of the anomaly scan. Here are some of the anatomy scan abnormalities that can be detected in anomaly scans (7) (8): Cleft lip Spina bifida (defect of the spinal cord) Heart problems Kidney problems Anencephaly, or missing the top of the head – can detect up to 90% Problems in the limbs, for example, limbs that are too short Hydrocephalus (extra fluid in the brain) – can detect up to 60% Gastroschisis (a defect of the abdominal wall in which case the intestines protrude) – can detect up to 90% Exomphalos (a defect of the abdominal wall in which case the liver and bowel protrude) – can detect up to 90% Missing or abnormal kidneys – can detect up to 85% Down syndrome – can detect up to 40% While the scan is done with the purpose of finding abnormalities, it is not always easy to spot one in the baby. For example, if there is a problem with the abdominal wall, kidneys, limbs or spinal cord, there are good chances that the scan will detect it. But the likelihood of spotting defects in the heart, assessing if there is a hole in the muscle which separates the chest and abdomen, or detecting excess fluid build-up in the brain is comparatively less. In case an abnormality is spotted, the sonographer might refer the report to another person to confirm the observation made and then discuss the plan of action. Is an Anomaly Scan Accurate? A mid-pregnancy ultrasound scan is very important as it can help determine the growth of the foetus and aid in early detection of abnormalities that the foetus might be developing. The anomaly scans do give images; however, it is not always necessary that the scans are 100% accurate and show correct results at all times. This is because it is difficult to determine abnormalities in the baby, especially in the vital organs, and an anomaly scan may or may not show up the same. A sonographer may also need to scan the abdomen multiple times to get a clear picture of the baby. Usually, the parents are also asked to give consent of their understanding that the results of the scan being performed might not be 100% accurate. What If the Scan Indicates a Problem? Once again, it is essential to understand that an anomaly scan report is not always 100% accurate, and the observations might not always be correct. Also, note that the chances of identifying a severe problem at this stage are rare. However, in case a problem is spotted, you will be advised on how to deal with it. The following points should prepare you to deal with such a situation. There might be times when the sonographer has not been able to see everything since your baby’s position was such that the ultrasound couldn’t pick up any waves form the images. Also, the scan might not be consistent if you are overweight as body fat can interfere with the sonography. In such situations, you might have to get the scan redone during the 23rd week of pregnancy. In case the sonographer finds or thinks that there is a problem, you will be informed immediately, and it is recommended that you see a foetal medicine specialist within 72 hours of the scan result. You might be asked to get a foetal echo scan done in case the observations indicate that your baby could have a heart problem. Your doctor will then recommend a suitable solution for the detected problem. This will depend on the severity of the problem and whether or not it requires intervention at this stage. In some cases, the child has to undergo surgery after his birth, while in some, surgeries might be performed while the child is in the womb. Important Questions to Ask at the 20-Week Ultrasound Scan As an informed parent, if you want to ask your sonographer, you may do so at your 20-week ultrasound. Here are some questions you may want to clear with your sonographer: Is everything OK in the scan? Is there anything particular you are looking for? How big is the baby? Will I get the ultrasound scan results today? Is this test safe for my baby’s health? What measurements are you taking? Are there more ultrasound scans after this one? What happens if something does not look right in the scan? How do we proceed? FAQs 1. Can the anomaly scan hurt my baby? No, the sound waves generated from the scan are harmless to the fetus. 2. When can I expect the results of the anatomy scan? You may get the results of the scan on the same day. If the scan detects any abnormality or anything unusual, the doctor will consult you about it (3). 3. Is an anomaly cost expensive? The cost of an anomaly scan in pregnancy varies geographically and with the type of institution. Please contact your healthcare provider to get an accurate cost of the scan. 4. What is the difference between an anomaly scan and a 20-week scan? Both are the same. The terms, including anomaly scan, 20-week scan, anatomy scan, 20 weeks pregnant ultrasound, and mid-pregnancy scan, refer to the detailed second-trimester ultrasound scan that is necessary to review fetal anatomy and development. 5. Does an anomaly scan detect all fetal defects? No, an anomaly scan identifies a set of structural abnormalities, but it does not detect every fetal condition or defect. Seeing the baby developing inside the womb is a unique experience for parents. In most cases, you are allowed to take your partner along with you to witness this moment. The diagnostic centres performing these scans usually offer pictures and video copies of the scan for you to collect as memories too. Nonetheless, getting an anomaly scan is always advised as it plays a very important role in ensuring that the child’s growth is normal. Also Read: CT Scan in Pregnancy Dating Scan during Pregnancy Transvaginal Ultrasound Scan Doppler Ultrasound Scan when Pregnant Read more

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Pregnancy Skin Changes – How Are They & How to Cope

Pregnancy and skin changes are a commonly seen thing as your body adjusts to the hormonal and physical changes during pregnancy. While some women may get the most anticipated “pregnancy glow,” others might experience acne, stretch marks, dryness, and skin sensitivity. All these physiological changes in the body related to appearance make women wonder if they are going to be permanent or just the course of the ride. Let us give you good news: most of the early pregnancy skin changes are usually temporary and gradually improve over time as you progress into your pregnancy or after childbirth. Knowing what is normal and what needs proper medical attention can help mamas lose a ton of worry and follow a gentle skincare routine. Hop on as we discuss everything from stretch marks during pregnancy to how a woman’s skin changes during pregnancy. How Skin Changes During Pregnancy? A woman’s body is susceptible to many changes during pregnancy. Due to immense changes internally and externally, the skin can experience various visible changes. There are numerous types of changes that happen to the skin during pregnancy, such as: Stretch marks Rashes Change in skin pigmentation (skin colour) Spots The changes in the skin, however, are not limited to these; depending on the person’s constitutional makeup, their body can be affected in many ways. Talking to your primary care physician about changes you notice on your skin during different stages of pregnancy can help alleviate your fears. They can also provide more in-depth information about what skin conditions during pregnancy are expected and what is normal and abnormal. Most skin conditions that are caused by pregnancy are normal and will disappear once the baby is delivered. Causes of Skin Changes While Pregnant According to the American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists, the body experiences physiological changes frequently during pregnancy due to changes in hormones and immunity (1). Face skin changes in early pregnancy are primarily driven by increased blood flow and hormonal fluctuations, which cause a mix of chemicals in the body, resulting in a multitude of changes, from pimples to shiny hair. When pregnant, a woman’s body begins to prepare to play host to another organism, one that will soon develop its own organs, hormones, and immune system. When a foetus begins to take shape, the mother’s body evolves to make the womb a hospitable atmosphere for the baby to grow into a healthy baby. This requires the hormones to be redistributed, causing an imbalance in the woman’s regular bodily functions. When an imbalance in hormones occurs, changes take place throughout the body, and the most visible changes are to the skin. Some changes to the skin can be due to genetics. If there is a history of skin problems during pregnancy in your family, chances are you will be susceptible to similar problems as well. Talk to your primary care physician to better understand what skin problems during pregnancy can look like. Are Pregnancy Skin Changes a Problem? Skin changes that are of a common nature, such as stretch marks, pose no problems when pregnant. But if the changes seem unnatural, then it is best to visit a specialist and get a thorough diagnosis. If there is a burning or itching sensation that does not go away or if the skin has a lot of blisters or is inflamed, then you should visit your primary care physician, as these changes are not common in pregnancy. Pregnancy can also severely exacerbate pre-existing skin conditions like psoriasis and eczema. If you have pre-existing conditions, it is best to inform your doctors. They can help guide you through how to manage the condition. It is also recommended that you inform the caregivers around you so they understand what kind of support is required to help prevent or relieve the condition. It is also important to note that not all skin changes during pregnancy are caused by the pregnancy itself. Skin infections and allergic reactions can still occur regardless of pregnancy. Your skin’s colour may also change for reasons that may be completely unrelated to the baby or the hormonal imbalance. Keeping an eye on any change in colour or moles is essential; if the pigmentation changes are accompanied by pain, redness or burning, it can be a sign of an infection. If moles on your body begin to change size, then it could be a sign of a tumour. Common Skin Changes During Pregnancy and Their Solutions Not all skin changes during pregnancy are bad. The term ‘pregnancy glow’ is a term commonly used to describe a positive change in the skin during pregnancy. This ‘glow’ is due to the excess moisture the skin absorbs during pregnancy. This is also a way skin colour changes during pregnancy. Due to the absorption of excess moisture, the complexion changes as well; when there is excess moisture, the skin looks and feels healthier. Moisture also pushes out excess toxins from the body and opens more pores around the face. The pregnancy glow is a great example of facial skin changes when pregnant. Also, changes to the skin on the face are the most visible and recognisable. Positive changes aside, it is important to know there can be negative changes to the skin too. You have to understand the changes in your skin, where they come from, and how to treat them effectively. Here are some of the most common skin changes you may face when you’re pregnant. 1. Stretch Marks As the foetus grows, the uterus needs to expand to make room for the baby. This causes the skin of the abdomen, breasts, hips, and thighs to stretch resulting in reddish-purple, linear atrophic bands that develop perpendicular to the skin’s tension lines, basically stretch marks in pregnancy (2). Most stretch marks are red or pink in colour. According to a recent study, nearly 90% of women get stretch marks during pregnancy (3). Stretch marks do not cause harm to your general health and are not considered dangerous in any manner. Stretch marks can become an eyesore for some mothers. There are ways to get rid of them, such as cosmetic surgery. However, the least medical way to treat stretch marks would be constant exercise. It is also assumed that lotions rich in Vitamin E have properties that can get rid of stretch marks. But there is no medical evidence of this to date. Stretch marks, if left alone, will fade into streaks of faint silver lines after the baby is delivered. They become barely noticeable. Stretch marks have absolutely no adverse effect on your body. 2. Melasma or Chloasma Melasma or chloasma is commonly referred to as the ‘mask of pregnancy’. This condition manifests as dark, splotchy spots on the face and is a sign of negative facial skin changes during pregnancy. These pregnancy skin colour changes are almost always located on the cheeks and forehead. As per the Johns Hopkins Medicine, they are a sign of an increase in pigmentation due to the increase in the melanin production. These hormones can impact skin pigmentation and cause the mask of pregnancy to appear (4). According to a study on skin changes during pregnancy, it is estimated that close to half the women who are pregnant are affected by melasma (5). Melasma usually fades away after the baby is delivered. The best way to treat this would be to prevent it. When you’re pregnant, the skin is extremely sensitive. To prevent conditions like these, you should use a good sunscreen when you go outside. Ensure it is at least an SPF 15 sunscreen. Wear caps to cover sun rays from directly hitting the face. Remember, exposure to the sun increases the likelihood of manifestation of dark spots like the mask of pregnancy. 3. Acne and Pimples Women who already had problems with acne can experience an aggravated condition when pregnant due to the increase in hormones. This increase in hormones will cause glands in your body that secrete oil to increase the quantity of oil they secrete into the body. This can cause massive breakouts. The way to help contain the acne would be to develop a face cleansing routine. The first step would be washing your face first thing in the morning with a face wash that has a neutral fragrance. You should also wash your face every night. Don’t wash your face more than this as it will cause your skin to become extremely dry. The second step should be to use an astringent to remove the excess oil left on the face. Be sure to avoid acne-medicated astringents as these may contain chemicals that can cause harm during pregnancy. Finally, use a moisturizer, preferably an oil-free one. If the breakouts are severe, seek medical advice immediately. 4. Varicose Veins These inflamed blue veins manifest when the body tries to compensate for the circulation of extra blood that goes to the baby during pregnancy. They mostly appear on the legs. Varicose veins can be painful and uncomfortable. You can be prone to varicose veins during pregnancy if there is a family history of the condition. Although there isn’t a cure for varicose veins during pregnancy, the American Pregnancy Association suggests some steps that you can take to help manage, prevent, and decrease the severity (6). Stay physically active. Move around as much as possible to improve blood circulation. Try not to stand still for prolonged periods. Standing still can slow down blood circulation in and around the varicose veins due to the inflammation. Avoid being sedentary. Elevate your feet as much as possible when sitting. Keep your veins healthy by consuming foods rich in Vitamin C. Consult your doctor and get the condition examined to understand if you need your doctor to prescribe stockings. 5. Spider Veins These reddish blood vessels that branch outward are known as spider veins. They are caused by problems with circulation in the body during pregnancy and usually appear on the neck, upper chest, arms, and face. These spider veins are more common in Caucasian women, although women of all races can be afflicted by them. They can be hereditary. To treat spider veins, ensure you consume a good amount of Vitamin C every day through your foods. These veins are not painful and usually disappear by themselves after the baby is delivered. There are procedures like laser surgery available to treat spider veins. 6. Linea Nigra The linea nigra is a line that runs along the navel down to the pubic region. While this line is always present, it becomes very visible during pregnancy due to an increase in hormones. It usually begins to manifest during the fourth month of pregnancy. According to the American Family Physician, there is no way to treat the change in pigmentation that causes the visibility of the linea nigra, but it does disappear after the baby is delivered (7). 7. Skin Tags Skin tags or soft-tissue fibromas are very loose and small growths of skin that manifest on the face, neck, upper chest, and beneath the breasts during late pregnancy (8). They are extremely common and harmless. Skin tags usually disappear soon after the child has been delivered. If they do not, you can have them removed by visiting a dermatologist. 8. Darker Freckles and Moles They are caused by an extreme increase in hormones. The complexion can become much darker due to the increase in pigmentation. This imbalance in hormones can make moles, as well as areas around the skin that have moles and freckles, darker too (9). Other areas where the pigmentation will make the skin noticeably darker are: The nipples The labia The areolas The change in pigmentation can be noticeable but is not considered extremely drastic. There is virtually nothing you can do to prevent this condition. There are chances that the pigmentation will return to normal soon after the baby is born. But the change may also remain for a while after pregnancy. When to Consult a Doctor? Consult a doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms: Intense itching, especially on the palms of your hands and soles of your feet Moles that grow, change colour, bleed, or itch A widespread rash Rashes that turn into painful blisters Raised hives that do not go away with home remedies FAQs 1. Is it normal to have acne during pregnancy? Yes. It is normal to get pimples or acne during pregnancy due to hormonal changes that increase oil production and trigger or worsen acne. Your doctor may advise you to use gentle skincare and, in persistent cases, may recommend some acne medications. 2. Why is my skin getting darker during pregnancy? Hyperpigmentation during pregnancy, or increased pigmentation, is common and can cause darkening of nipples, melasma (facial pigmentation), or linea nigra (formation of a darker line on the abdomen). Sun exposure can worsen melasma, so sun protection is recommended. 3. Are stretch marks during pregnancy preventable? Although they occur more often than not, stretch marks are common, particularly appearing during the second and third trimesters. They cannot always be prevented, but keeping the skin moisturised can help with dryness and discomfort that come with stretch marks. In many cases, stretch marks gradually become less noticeable after delivery. 4. Can I continue using my usual skincare products while pregnant? Certain skincare products and cosmetics may sit well during pregnancy due to their chemical composition. For instance, certain retinoids, should be avoided. Thus, it is important to review the prescription and over-the-counter skincare products with your obstetrician or dermatologist before continuing or starting treatment. The conditions mentioned above are only a few of the skin changes that can occur during pregnancy. Take precautions during this time by using the right kind of moisturisers, soaps, and oils. Consult your physician for the right kind of changes to make in your lifestyle to help prevent and manage skin conditions during your pregnancy journey. Also Read: Dry Skin in Pregnancy Skin Care during Pregnancy Skin Darkening while Pregnant Read more

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Tuberculosis During Pregnancy – Symptoms, Complications & Treatment

Tuberculosis is a known diagnosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and most commonly affects the lungs and overall health. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says that some women may have inactive (latent) TB without symptoms, while others may develop active disease and show symptoms (1). However, TB during pregnancy can progress into a serious health issue that requires timely intervention and treatment without compromising the mother’s or the baby’s health. The careful management of pregnancy and TB ensures prevention or reduction of complications arising out of the illness. With medical advancements, TB is diagnosable and treatable. Read to learn about tuberculosis during pregnancy and how it can affect a pregnant woman’s health and her baby! What Is Tuberculosis? Pulmonary Tuberculosis, more commonly known as TB, is an infection caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects your lungs. Sometimes, it can also affect some other parts of your body, like kidneys, spine, uterus, bones, brain, and nervous system. Surprisingly, as the CDC suggests, the infection can affect several parts of the body at the same time, like TB affecting both the lungs and the lymph nodes (1). It is important to know that not everyone infected by the TB bacteria gets sick or shows symptoms. This is the reason there are two types of diagnosis for this infection: Inactive TB (latent TB infection) and active TB disease. Latent TB Sometimes the immune system is unable to kill the bacteria entirely but manages to protect the body by building a defensive wall around the bacteria. The bacteria remain in the body but don’t cause any harm (2). These bacteria can, however, emerge when your immune system is weakened and cause symptoms of TB. This is known as latent TB. Active TB If the immune system in your body is unable to fight the bacteria, then a series of symptoms occur which are diagnosed as tuberculosis. What Are the Causes of Tuberculosis During Pregnancy? Tuberculosis (TB) is caused mainly by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that are released into the air by human beings. Human beings are the only known reservoirs of the TB bacterium; this means the bacterium cannot live outside of the human body. Every time a person harbouring the bacterium in their body spits, coughs, or sneezes, they expel the bacteria with the microscopic droplets that are exhaled into the air (3). When a woman’s body is infected with tuberculosis, it can react to it in three ways: Her immune system will kill the bacteria entirely. The pregnant woman may suffer from latent TB. She may suffer from active TB. Common Symptoms of Active Tuberculosis in a Pregnant Woman Most symptoms of tuberculosis include: A persistent cough (usually more than 3 weeks long) that generates sputum or phlegm Weight loss Fever Pain in the chest Weakness and fatigue Loss of breath Loss of appetite Night sweats Nausea Hormonal changes during pregnancy and the changes in the immune system may make the common symptoms of TB in pregnancy less prominent. This makes it difficult to diagnose TB, and it can even go undiagnosed until the time of delivery. How Contagious Is Tuberculosis? Only people who are suffering from active TB can spread the disease. 1. How Does TB Spread? If a person suffering from active TB coughs or sneezes, the bacteria are expelled from the body along with the microdroplets of sputum, phlegm, etc., similar to the virus in the common cold. If a healthy person inhales these droplets, they can lead to active TB being triggered. 2. How Can You Catch TB? While pregnant, you are at a high risk of contracting pulmonary TB if you have a weakened immune system or if you spend a lot of time with an infected person. However, just a brief exposure during pregnancy, like shaking hands, travelling in the bus, sharing food, or talking, will not lead to a TB infection. In fact, these things cannot cause TB in any healthy individual; it is a misconception that TB can be contracted through touch or by sharing food, talking, etc. There is a higher risk of you catching TB if: There are many TB cases near or around you. You remain close to a person with active TB. You have a disease that compromises your immune system, leaving you more susceptible to contracting TB. You are a smoker. You have poor health or low standard of living conditions. Effects of TB on Pregnancy The best way to describe tuberculosis during pregnancy is that it is a double-edged sword where one end is the harm TB can cause to the baby, and the other is the progression of the disease. A large portion of the population suffers from TB. It can lead to maternal mortality, which is the third leading cause of death in pregnant women between the ages of 15 and 45. Thus, the effects of tuberculosis in pregnancy should not be casually ignored. Effects on the Mother Increased chances of maternal morbidity (4) TB increases the chances of miscarriage (5) Stunted growth of the baby Premature labour Low birth weight Increased chances of neonatal mortality Late diagnosis of the disease can further increase the chances of preterm labour by ninefold Effects on the Foetus The complications of TB in pregnancy also gravely affect the baby in several ways. Some of these are as follows: The disease can spread from the mother to the baby through the umbilical cord. This is called congenital tuberculosis. Congenital TB is defined as TB caused in infants at the time of birth (typically during passage through the birth canal, or while the baby is in the mother’s womb). However, unlike other congenital diseases, the symptoms of congenital TB are often not specific, and many mothers do not show any kind of symptoms (specific or general) (8). Low birth weight of the newborn baby (6) Can cause swelling in the liver or the spleen Can cause respiratory problems Fever Affects the lymph nodes and hampers proper functioning How to Diagnose Tuberculosis During Pregnancy? If you have a cough with sputum production for over three weeks, the basic diagnosis includes testing of the sputum to see if there are any disease-causing bacteria. This test can identify most forms of TB. The doctors need two samples of your sputum for this, so you can be called again. This is generally followed by a chest X-ray, blood test, and skin test. Make sure you go ahead with all the tests recommended by the doctor, as the potential harm to the baby due to TB is much higher than any test. All of these methods help determine if you have active TB. Tests Done During Tuberculosis A skin test called the Mantoux test is done by injecting a small amount of Tuberculin in the epidermis of your skin. If there is swelling in this area within 48 to 72 hours, it means that the test is positive for latent TB. This tuberculosis test in pregnancy is done to determine whether you have latent TB. Treating TB During Pregnancy Both pregnancy and tuberculosis need close attention. It is important that you pay attention to the management of tuberculosis in pregnancy to avoid harming yourself and the baby. Similar to any other bacterial infection, TB is also treated with a course of antibiotics. It can be cured entirely if detected at an early stage and if you complete the course of antibiotics without any interruptions. The course can last anywhere between 6 and 9 months, but can also extend further depending on the severity of the disease. You will feel better a few weeks after the medication, but this doesn’t mean that you are completely cured of the disease. The bacteria can still be alive and can even cause a relapse. Some other times, the bacteria can develop resistance to the medication, making it more difficult to cure the disease. Make sure you start receiving treatment as soon as possible to avoid harming both you and your newborn. Make sure you also do the following: Eat a healthy and balanced diet. Breathe as much fresh air as possible. Don’t miss any doctor’s appointments. Mention any side effects to your doctor, like headaches, changes in vision, nausea, etc. TB Medication to Avoid During Pregnancy It can be difficult to stick to the treatment due to fear of the medication harming the baby or pregnancy-related nausea. However, most first line medication for TB are safe for treatment during pregnancy. These include Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Rifampicin, and Pyrazinamide. However, there are some side effects of TB drugs in pregnancy, as they could affect the pregnancy. It is recommended that you avoid streptomycin if you are pregnant. This is effective in treating TB but can result in loss of hearing or balance in your child. This is common in at least one out of six babies. You must also take extreme care if you are undergoing treatment with Isoniazid. It can cause drug-induced hepatitis, which can hinder the treatment of tuberculosis. If you are affected by hepatitis, then your liver function is closely monitored, and some drugs like Methadone are used to allow your liver to function properly. Isoniazid can, however, be taken without any harm along with a dose of Vitamin B6. How to Prevent Tuberculosis While Pregnant? Since TB is an airborne disease, pregnant women can easily catch it by coming in contact with an infected person. Thus, pregnant women can take some preventive measures to reduce the chances of infection. Proper Hygiene: Avoiding crowded places and covering the nose with a mask can help pregnant women move safely in a crowded environment. Exposure to Natural Light: The UV rays are highly beneficial, not just raising the vitamin D levels in the body but also in killing tuberculosis bacteria. Strengthen Your Immune System: Eating a balanced diet with lean meat, protein, healthy fats, and calories ensures a good immune system to fight off tuberculosis during pregnancy. Precautions in Hospital: When visiting the hospital for routine checkups, wearing masks, discussing the possibilities of TB with the doctor, and having necessary vaccinations during pregnancy help to a great extent in preventing tuberculosis when pregnant. Can TB Affect the Baby’s Development? Tuberculosis transfers from the mother to the baby through the umbilical cord in only a few cases where the disease is left untreated. But if the disease is diagnosed, it can be treated with proper medication. But if the baby gets TB, then it can cause a lot of harm to the baby. Not only does TB lead to miscarriage and preterm labour, but it also causes a series of issues in the baby too. Some of these include stunted growth, enlargement of the spleen or liver, fever, and respiratory issues. When to Consult a Doctor? It is advised that you consult a doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms: A persistent cough lasting two or three weeks Phlegm or blood along with cough Have had close contact with a person diagnosed with active TB Ongoing fever with night sweats Sudden weight loss FAQs 1. Can TB testing cause any side effects? Yes, a TB test for pregnancy may cause some side effects, but they are usually temporary and harmless. A TB skin test may cause swelling, tenderness, or discolouration at the injection site. A TB blood test, on the other hand, may result in slight bruising or tenderness at the site where the blood is drawn. 2. Can TB medication affect breast milk? Some TB medications can pass into breast milk in very small quantities. This amount does not cause toxicity in nursing infants. Another side effect of TB medication during breastfeeding is that certain medications, like rifampin, may cause the breast milk to become orange-discoloured (7). This is an expected side effect and a harmless one. 3. What to do if I get TB during pregnancy? TB in pregnant women is treatable with antibiotics. Your doctor may prescribe you certain medications for TB that are safe for pregnancy. It is important that the pregnant woman completes her 6-month medication course; otherwise, the TB may return in a resistant form and become difficult to cure. 4. Can TB bacteria pass from mother to the baby in the womb? Yes, there are chances of transmission of the infection from the mother with active tuberculosis to the fetus in the womb through utero or during delivery (8). It is called congenital tuberculosis. Tuberculosis in pregnancy can be harmful to the health of both the mother and the baby, and it is necessary that you take good care. Make sure you avoid exposure to this disease by keeping away from people who are infected with TB. After all, prevention is always better than cure. However, if you do catch the disease, don’t worry about tuberculosis pregnancy risk as yet. There are several ways you can get treated, and the best way to make the treatments effective is to remain positive at all times. Increased stress levels can not only affect your child but can also hinder the treatment. Also Read: Jaundice in Pregnancy Cholestasis of Pregnancy Itching on Stomach while Pregnant Read more

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Can You Scuba Dive While Pregnant? Safety & Risks

When it comes to scuba diving in pregnancy, a majority of institutions, such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and Divers Alert Network (DAN), recommend no diving during the course of pregnancy (1) (2). The reason is simple: fetal and maternal safety. But can you scuba dive while pregnant if all safety measures are taken for accidental drowning? The main reason behind not recommending scuba diving while pregnant is not the gear; it’s something more instrumental in scuba diving—the underwater pressure. Before you scratch your head to understand the dynamics of pressure and the underwater sport and how it can affect the delicate journey of pregnancy, we recommend reading this article on scuba diving and pregnancy. What Is Scuba Diving? Swimming underwater with a constant air supply and appropriate equipment is what scuba diving entails. This enthralling sport allows you to study life under the ocean’s surface. Many individuals also love scuba diving because it is therapeutic, enabling them to disconnect from everything and relax! Is It Safe to Scuba Dive While You’re Pregnant? Scuba diving while pregnant is generally not advised. Even if the risks are minimal, it is best to avoid diving during the first few weeks. The fetus takes oxygen from the placenta, as the fetus’s lungs are still not fully developed. If the mother dives while pregnant, the baby could suffer from decompression sickness or hyperbaric oxygen exposure because the bubbles created in the water might reach critical organs such as the brain and the heart. The fetus can experience the effects of decompression sickness and even suffer fetal complications, which could cause premature delivery. Even if the mother is in a no-decompression zone, the unborn baby is susceptible to fetal decompression illness (DCI) (3). While the mother’s lungs safely filter out these bubbles, they can travel to the fetus, causing fatal complications. If a pregnant woman experiences carbon monoxide poisoning, she will have to undergo treatment in a hyperbaric chamber. However, a pregnant lady should still see her doctor before diving. Diving is usually not a brilliant idea if you are six to thirteen weeks pregnant. Most women do not know they are pregnant until six weeks or later. As a result, having patience until the fetus is delivered before scuba diving is a brilliant idea. Harmful Effects of Scuba Diving During Pregnancy In some cases, scuba diving is dangerous while pregnant. Some of them are as follows: Diving should be avoided during the first few weeks of pregnancy. There is little chance of prenatal abnormalities, but further study is required to understand the precise amount of risk. Since the placenta provides oxygen to the fetus, the dissolved nitrogen in the mother’s blood might enter it. This may result in decompression sickness in the fetus, leading to issues including limited growth and deformity (4). Furthermore, pregnant women who develop decompression sickness should avoid diving. The placenta is a thin membrane that allows the unborn infant to access its essential organs. It may also cause early labour, which may end in the baby’s death. Furthermore, there is a chance of getting heart disease or brain damage. Breastfeeding moms should avoid scuba diving when pregnant. It may affect the mother’s uterus and the baby. Consequently, to prevent complications during pregnancy, women should always adhere to their PADI Open Water Diver Course criteria. However, it is also crucial to realise that the consequences of scuba diving do not stop after the first few weeks of pregnancy. Although human data for scuba diving when pregnant is not extensive, women are advised to avoid diving when pregnant. However, unintentional recreational scuba diving while pregnant in the first trimester or in early pregnancy does not result in pregnancy termination (3). How Long Should I Wait to Scuba Dive After My Delivery? Before you go diving, it’s critical to learn the medical guidelines for birthing. Most women should avoid it for the first eight weeks, then wait three to four weeks after giving birth. However, depending on delivery and complications, this time might vary considerably. Your doctor will be able to provide particular suggestions for you. In general, women may safely return to diving three to four weeks after giving birth. Most women who have had a cesarean birth should wait at least four to six weeks before becoming pregnant again. Those who had twins or had issues or a preterm delivery should wait eight to twelve weeks. Survivors of miscarriages should refrain from driving until they have fully recovered physically. According to a recent poll of breast cancer survivors, there are no restrictions on diving. In many situations, women may resume diving soon after giving birth, but it’s vital to check with your doctor to make sure you’re ready. Most pregnant women should avoid diving for four to six weeks. The suggested wait time for diving is determined by the kind of birth and the baby’s health. While diving right after delivery is not recommended, it is advisable to avoid it. There is no hard and fast rule for how long one should wait after birth. However, it is essential to note that you should contact your doctor before scuba diving after pregnancy. What Are Safe Alternatives to Scuba Diving While Pregnant? While scuba diving is off the charts during pregnancy, you can engage in these safe alternatives to scuba diving while pregnant: Swimming during pregnancy offers various advantages, including the benefits of a terrific workout, even if you are not an athlete. “Can you dive when pregnant?” is a crucial question. Swimming while pregnant is, thankfully, both safe and fun (5). Swimming relieves pelvic and back discomfort. You’ll feel less tension on your lower back and sciatic nerve since you’re weightless in water. Aqua yoga is another gentle activity that helps with focused breathing in water. Aquatic exercises under the supervision of a professional can help with better control of the weight of both mother and newborn, ease lower back pain, ensure fitness mobility, and improve cognition (6). Water walking, like walking in the pool, also helps with mobility, weight distribution, and less pressure on your joints (7). FAQs 1. Can you scuba dive while pregnant? No. Scuba diving is generally not advised during pregnancy because pressure changes and decompression can pose potential risks to the fetus. Since medical evidence is limited for scuba diving in pregnancy, there is no established safe depth, duration or diving schedule during pregnancy. 2. What happens if I scuba dived before knowing I was pregnant? If you went scuba diving and later came to know that you are pregnant, it is advised not to panic and then consult your doctor and inform them about the recent activities. They can assess your medical health and decide whether further monitoring is required. 4. Is scuba diving safe during the first trimester? Scuba diving in the first trimester of pregnancy is not considered safe for the baby’s health. The potential effects of decompression on the developing baby are a big concern. 5. Can I snorkel instead of scuba diving while pregnant? Similar to scuba diving, snorkelling also involves going underwater, but it keeps you floating on the surface and not so deep in the ocean. However, when it comes to pregnancy, it is wise to first consult your doctor and get the go-ahead after getting all your vitals checked to prevent any complications after indulging in any activity. You are pregnant and want to do some Scuba diving! That is great, but you need to be cautious and follow the above-mentioned few Scuba diving tips. Furthermore, if you are worried about your condition, make an appointment with your doctor. Also Read: Cycling in Pregnancy Jumping while Pregnant Bowling during Pregnancy Read more

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Airport Scanners When Pregnant: Are They Safe for You & Your Baby?

Airport scanners are considered safe for pregnant travellers and their babies when used as part of standard airport security screening. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the radiation exposure from airport security screening is extremely low and is not known to pose a risk during pregnancy (1). In fact, the CDC states that even cumulative radiation exposure below 100 millisieverts (mSv) during pregnancy has not been associated with fetal harm, while airport screening exposes travellers to only a tiny fraction of that amount (2). This article explains how airport pregnancy scanners work, whether they are safe, the different types of security scanners, and practical tips for passing through airport security. What Are Airport Scanners? Airport scanners are advanced screening gadgets used on airline passengers to detect any security threats that might be attached to their body and/or garments. It is used to identify metallic and non-metallic objects like weapons, explosives, or other stuff like sharp objects (knives), corrosive material, etc. that might be used to harm or threaten other passengers that have boarded the flight. Types of Airport Scanners Airport security scanners come in many forms, including- Body scanners like millimetre radio-wave scanner that uses millimetre wave Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT) to create 3-D images of your body. X-ray scanners like a back-scatter scanner Metal detectors Are Airport Scanners Safe for Pregnancy? According to research, it is proven that all types of airport scanners are safe for pregnant woman and the unborn child (1). The Radiation Protection Standard stipulates a maximum permissible level of exposure for travellers. This includes expecting mothers and their children. Moreover, all scanners pass through stringent safety tests, and they are used under the supervision and regulation of monitoring agencies. Did you know that some research suggested that these machines use ten thousand times less energy than the energy used by mobile phones? Also, they are much more evolved than the older generation scanners. The most modern millimetre body scanners don’t use X-rays or expose your body to ionizing radiation. Of course, if x-ray scanners are used, they are harmless too. Let’s take a look at the technology used and the exposure levels in the two most modern scanners, and how safe they are for pregnant women: 1. Back-Scatter Scanners These are X-ray scanners that use low-frequency electromagnetic x-ray waves to search for objects hidden inside a person’s clothing. The low-intensity and low penetration level of the electromagnetic wave cause minimum exposure to rays. Hence, it can cause no harm to a baby developing in the womb. The scanner merely probes through the passengers’ garments and not the skin. According to reputed research firms, the exposure to radiation is well below the limits stipulated. So, both the baby and the mother are safe if they go through this type of airport X-ray scanner during pregnancy. 2. Millimeter-Wave Body Scanners These scanners simply bounce off the surface of your skin. They do not penetrate inside and merely create a basic outline of your body. So, they cannot cause any harm to either you and your growing foetus. According to the American TSA, these deliver 10,000 times less energy than your cell phone. Still, if you are worried about the safety of airport scanners while pregnant or don’t feel safe about going through them, you can opt for a physical ‘pat-down’ process, as explained in the section above. 3. Metal Detectors When you are scanned using airport metal detectors during pregnancy, it is perfectly safe. These old-fashioned screeners are still used in many airports. Though they use magnetic fields that are a form of radiation, they are “non-ionizing” radiation and are very low-frequency electromagnetic fields. They merely detect any threatening object you might be carrying. They create the same or lesser intensity of electromagnetic field as the various things we use in our daily lives like electric lines, computers, other household appliances, and even MRI machines used in diagnostic tests. So, they are totally safe during pregnancy. The Procedure of a Body Scan at Airports According to the Australian Government Department of Home Affairs, there are a few things you need to do before going through airport body scanners during pregnancy (3): Remove and place all your personal belongings like wallets, tissue paper, ID cards, cellphones into a separate tray for scanning. The boarding pass must be removed as well. Remove all accessories like jewellery, jackets, belts, shoes, shawls, heavy garments, or any other metal items on your body or garments. The process includes these steps- Enter the scanner machine. Stand with both your hands raised above the level of your head. Do this for around 2 to 3 seconds while the device captures your image. Once this is complete, the screening officer will check your scanned image to check if you are carrying any dangerous objects. If you clear the scan, you can proceed to collect all your belongings that have been removed. The Procedure of Physical Pat-Down Search If you are wary of scanners, some women prefer a physical pat-down search. You can certainly request the authorities for a pat-down search (4). In this process, a female security professional will run her hands all over your body, even your chest and stomach, to look for any weapons that a person might carry. If you opt for a physical pat-down screening, it is ideal to reach the airport with some time at hand. This is because this process is more time consuming than machine screening. This type of screening is done in the general screening area, but you may request for a more private pat-down in a separate section. You may also have a companion with you to feel more comfortable. You might be selected for further screening, and your boarding passes might be printed with indicators. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) of the airport may need to put you through AIT body screening. Important Tips to Have a Safe Flight Journey During Pregnancy Traveling during pregnancy can be a rewarding experience, but it requires careful planning and precautions to ensure both your comfort and safety. Here are some important tips to help you have a safe flight journey during pregnancy (5): Before planning your trip, make sure to get approval from your healthcare provider. They can give you personalised advice based on your pregnancy stage and health condition. Choose the right time to travel. The best time to travel during pregnancy is usually during the second trimester, between 14 and 28 weeks, when the risks of complications are lower, and morning sickness has typically subsided. Make sure to drink water frequently before and throughout your flight. The low humidity in airplane cabins can cause dehydration, so it’s important to keep your fluid intake up. Take regular walks up and down the aisle to promote blood circulation and reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). If you can’t walk, do some in-seat exercises. Opt for loose, comfortable clothing and shoes to prevent swelling and improve overall comfort during the flight. Keep important items like prenatal vitamins, snacks, a water bottle, and any necessary medications in your carry-on bag for easy access. FAQs 1. Should I inform airport security personnel that I am pregnant? While it is not necessary to inform airport security personnel that you are pregnant, it can be helpful. They may offer you the option of a pat-down instead of going through the scanner if you have any concerns. Communicating your pregnancy can also ensure that you receive any additional assistance you might need during the screening process. 2. Are there any alternatives to going through the scanner? Yes, if you prefer not to go through the scanner, you can request a pat-down screening from airport security personnel. This alternative is always available to any passenger, including pregnant women, who are uncomfortable with passing through the scanners. 3. Do airport scanners pose any risk to breastfeeding? While airport scanners are generally safe for pregnant women, limited information exists on their impact during breastfeeding. If you have concerns, consult with your healthcare provider or airport security personnel. 4. Can airport scanners detect pregnancy-related items, such as maternity support belts or breast pumps? Airport scanners are designed to detect metallic and non-metallic items, but specific pregnancy-related items like maternity support belts or breast pumps typically do not trigger alarms. However, it’s advisable to inform airport security personnel about any medical devices or support items before screening. 5. Are airport pregnancy scanners safe if I’m carrying twins? Yes. The safety of airport security scanners does not depend on whether you’re carrying one baby or multiples. The screening technology is considered safe for all pregnant travellers. We have radiation all around us, and airport scanners are devices that emit the least of it. Research suggests that one scan is only about one-tenth of the radiation we are exposed to daily from naturally present sources of radiation around us. So, it is quite certain that they can cause no harm to pregnant women and their foetus. Also Read: Train Travelling in Pregnancy Travelling by Bus while Pregnant Travelling by Aeroplane while Pregnant Read more

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Anaemia in Pregnancy – Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Anaemia and pregnancy is a very common condition because the pregnant mother’s body needs more blood and nutrients to support the growing baby. A research article published in the Medicine journal states that anaemia in pregnant women can be due to a deficiency of iron, folate, or vitamin B12, or because of certain health conditions (1). A mild condition of anaemia is no cause for anxiety and is easily treatable when detected at an early stage. However, if left untreated, it may prove dangerous for both the mother and baby, leading to complications, such as preterm birth and low birth weight. The good news is that anaemia in pregnancy is a treatable condition with timely treatment and preventive measures. Join us as we discuss different types of anaemia in pregnancy and how to help pregnant women with low iron levels using various treatment methods! What Is Anaemia? According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, anaemia is a medical condition in which the production of the total amount of red blood cells or haemoglobin decreases in the body (2). As a result, in pregnant women, the body doesn’t have enough red blood cells to carry the required oxygen to the tissues and the foetus. Besides other nutrients, an expectant mother requires a diet rich in iron, folate and Vitamin B12 to produce more blood for the growth and nourishment of the baby. When this dietary requirement isn’t met, you may become anaemic. Normally, an average woman carries about 5 litres of blood in her body. During pregnancy, to meet the needs of the growing foetus, this amount escalates to 7-8 litres of blood at the end of the third trimester. Pregnant women are more susceptible to anaemia because the body produces more blood than usual. This requires extra iron, folate and Vitamin B12 to produce substantial amounts of healthy red blood cells and haemoglobin. If you don’t take care of your diet, you might end up with a deficiency (3). Types of Anaemia in Pregnancy Did you know that there are more than 400 types of anaemia? Some of these are prevalent during pregnancy. The most common types of anaemia found in pregnant women are: 1. Iron-Deficiency Anaemia Haemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Iron-deficiency anaemia is the condition where the body doesn’t have enough iron to produce the required amounts of haemoglobin. Symptoms of iron deficiency in pregnancy are quite common among expectant mothers (4). Due to the deficiency of iron, the blood does not carry the required amount of oxygen to the various parts of the body. This affects both the mother as well as the foetus. 2. Folate-Deficiency Anaemia Folate is a type of Vitamin B that the body requires to produce new cells. It also helps in forming healthy red blood cells. During pregnancy, the daily requirement for folate increases. Folate deficiency causes a decline in the number of healthy red blood cells. Folate-deficiency anaemia can lead to serious birth defects such as neural tube abnormalities (spina bifida) and low birth weight. 3. Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anaemia Vitamin B12, or Cobalamin, is vital for the production of red blood cells. Women who do not include milk and other dairy products, eggs, poultry, and meat in their diet suffer from Vitamin-B12 deficiency anaemia. In this condition, the production of the required amount of red blood cells is impaired. Sometimes, an expectant mother may be consuming the required Vitamin B12, but the body may be unable to process the vitamin. This may also lead to the mother-to-be developing anaemia. Vitamin B12 deficiency is known to cause pre-term labour or severe birth defects such as neural tube abnormalities. What Causes Anaemia During Pregnancy? There are a number of factors that can cause anaemia in pregnant women. The risk is higher when: the woman is pregnant with more than one baby the pregnant woman vomits excessively due to morning sickness the woman has been anaemic even before conceiving the expectant mother doesn’t eat a diet rich in iron, folate and Vitamin B12 there are two pregnancies close together a teenager becomes pregnant Signs and Symptoms of Anaemia in Pregnancy In case of mild anaemia in pregnancy, one may not show any symptoms. The WHO lists some commonly observed symptoms of anaemia (5): Fatigue and weakness Dizziness Shortness of breath Pale complexion Rapid or irregular heartbeat Chest pain Cold hands and feet Trouble concentrating or irritation Initially, the symptoms of anaemia during pregnancy may be mild; however, there is a risk of ignoring them. With time, the symptoms may worsen and will have to be treated so as to not lead to complications later. You must immediately consult a doctor if you experience any of these symptoms. These symptoms generally are controlled with dietary supplements like iron tablets, folic acid and Vitamin B12 supplements. Remember, some amount of fatigue and weakness is unavoidable, and also normal due to the growing foetus in the body. Do not panic. The doctor will guide you best. Risks and Complications of Anaemia in Pregnancy Deficiency of iron, folate or Vitamin B12 may lead to complications of anaemia in pregnancy. It may have adverse effects on the baby and mother. As per the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, untreated anaemia or iron deficiency during pregnancy may cause (6): Preterm or low birth weight baby Post-partum depression Developmental delays in the child An anaemic baby Increased blood loss during childbirth Undetected and untreated folate or Vitamin B12 deficiency may cause: A preterm or low birth-weight baby Neural tube defects or birth defects in the brain or spine How to Diagnose Pregnancy Anaemia? During the course of pregnancy, your doctor will periodically monitor you for chances of anaemia. Blood tests are conducted not only during the first trimester but also in the second and the third. This is done to rule out the possibility of anaemia in the later stages of pregnancy, too. The following blood tests are carried out to diagnose anaemia (7): Haemoglobin Test: This test is carried out to measure the amount of haemoglobin in the body. Hematocrit Test: The purpose of this test is to measure the percentage of red blood cells in the blood. How Is Anaemia Treated in Pregnant Women? Treatment for anaemia in pregnancy will vary depending on the cause. Your doctor may prescribe the following supplements to treat anaemia during pregnancy (7). Iron and Folic Acid Supplements: This is to ensure that the required amount of iron and folate is maintained in the body. You may be advised to increase the intake of iron- and folate-rich foods. The supplements can come in the form of tablets or capsules to be taken with water. Vitamin B12 Supplements: You may also be recommended Vitamin B12 supplements in addition to foods like meat, dairy products and eggs to help tackle Vitamin B12 deficiency. Prevention of Anaemia in Pregnancy Prevention of anaemia in pregnancy must be of utmost importance for all expectant mothers. You must eat healthily and ensure you include iron- and folate-rich foods such as (8): Dark green, leafy vegetables like spinach, kale and broccoli Beans, lentils, tofu Lean red meat, poultry Fish Nuts and seeds Eggs Cereals and grains Remember that Vitamin C helps the body to absorb iron better. So, whenever you are looking to eat iron-rich food, also include foods like citrus fruits, tomatoes, kiwi, strawberries and bell peppers, which are rich in Vitamin C. When to Call Your Doctor All expectant mothers should consciously avoid any deficiency in the body during the course of the pregnancy. Moreover, anaemia during pregnancy third trimester should strictly not be ignored. Consult your doctor if the symptoms of anaemia persist for a long time. It must be treated immediately in order to avoid any complications. FAQs 1. Is anaemia during pregnancy dangerous for the baby? Untreated or severe anaemia can be dangerous for the growing baby as it can increase the risk of complications, such as preterm birth and low birth weight. 2. Can I treat pregnancy anaemia just by eating iron-rich foods? While a nutritious diet rich in iron, folate and vitamin B12 can help with healthy red blood cell production, it alone may not be able to treat anaemia in pregnancy if there is any other cause behind. Your doctor may prescribe a proper course of action. 3. Does anaemia go away after pregnancy? Anaemia can persist after delivery if the iron stores remain low or there has been significant blood loss. Finding the underlying cause is important. 4. Should I take iron tablets if I feel tired during pregnancy? Taking iron tablets just because you are tired can be dangerous for you and your baby. Tiredness can have many causes apart from low iron levels in pregnancy. Thus, it is advised not to self-medicate without a proper consultation with your OB-GYN. While untreated anaemia can prove to be harmful, deficiency of iron, folate and Vitamin B12 can be controlled with the right dietary intake and supplements. Treating such deficiency early on can save the mother and baby a great deal of trouble. The key is to regularly consult your doctor for periodic checkups. Also Read: CBC Test in Pregnancy Sickle Cell and Pregnancy High & Low Haemoglobin in Pregnancy Read more

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20 Beach Pregnancy Announcement Ideas That Are Memorable

If you are looking for the most magical and memorable way to announce the good news, then a pregnancy announcement on the beach can turn a simple day by the sea into a beautiful memory you will treasure for years. The ocean, warm sand, and beautiful coastline can accentuate a beach-themed pregnancy announcement without needing an elaborate setup. Whether you are sharing the news with family, surprising friends, or posting your announcement online, the beach provides a gorgeous backdrop and plenty of room for creativity for your growing family story. Check out these trending creative ideas to announce your little one’s arrival in a memorable way. From meaningful details inspired by the sea to sea-struck photographs, these ideas will definitely interest you! Beach Pregnancy Announcement Ideas Worth Trying Now that you have decided on what theme you are going with, planning comes next. There are so many wonderful ideas that you can take inspiration from for your beach pregnancy reveal. Here are some beach pregnancy announcement ideas for couples. 1. Message in a Bottle Let people know your big secret with a “message in a bottle” beach theme. Just place a sonogram of your little one in a clear glass jar or bottle and pose in the background. People will definitely get the message. 2. Glam Beach Day Who says you can’t get dressed up for the beach? Get dressed up in the perfect outfits and hold up a sign or two to point out what you are expecting while posing for pictures you are going to love to revisit again and again. 3. Baby on Board Beach Hat Get mom-to-be a pretty hat with the message “Baby on Board” and pose for a few pictures at the beach. This is a simple way to get your message across while getting the chance to truly enjoy your beach day and be as natural as possible. 4. Sunrise Beach Pregnancy Announcement Use the dawning of a new day to symbolize the dawning of a new era in your life. Becoming a parent is a big deal, and a sunrise photoshoot to help announce the arrival of your newest family member will be well received. You can hold up your sonogram to share your baby’s first picture as well. 5. Beachy Gender Reveal Combine your gender reveal and your pregnancy announcements into one, and have a blast while you are doing it. 6. Sibling Announcement Siblings can announce the arrival of their new bestie better than anyone. There are many fun ways to have your child make the announcement, and writing it in the sand near a couple of sandcastles is a great one! 7. Family Beach Announcement It is definitely a cute announcement. Iit f you already have a child, you can have a playful family picture at the beach with a sonogram of your little one included. 8. Reflection in a Beach Mirror Image Credit: Pinterest Bring a large vintage-style mirror to the beach and position it so that it reflects you and your partner standing together near the shoreline. Write a simple message such as “A little wave is on the way” on the mirror, while the ocean appears behind you in the reflection. 9. Beach Time Frolicking Spending frolicking on the beach can be plenty of fun, so why not include a notice board that announces your latest miracle while holding up your baby’s sonogram to show off to your friends and family. 10. Baby Diver If you love diving, adding an extra pair of little diving flippers between mum and dads will send a clear message that you are expecting a new family member. 11. Beach Baby Letterboard Announcement You don’t even need to be in the picture for this one or have a fancy photoshoot day. Instead, enjoy some time on the beach with a letterboard making the announcement for you against a beautiful beach background. 12. Pet Pregnancy Announcement Dogs and cats are family members, too, so you can always include them if you have a furry family member in your pregnancy announcement. 13. Writing in the Sand When it comes to making beachy announcements, writing directly on the sand is a great idea. You can pose in the same picture, or you can take a picture of your message, along with some cute baby shoes. 14. Bikini or Trunks If you are not ready to make a gender reveal, or you don’t want to know yourself, you can always make everyone even more curious with a “Bikini or trunks?” board. Hang up a girl’s bathing suit and boys swimming trunks on a make-shift clothesline on the beach with a message, and you are all set! 15. Footprints in the Sand Plant the “dad plus mom equals baby” image for a beachy and simple pregnancy announcement on the sand. Dad’s footprint plus mom’s footprint equals a baby footprint. 16. Baby on Board If you and your partner are surfers, this is the pregnancy announcement for you. You can pose with pictures of surfboards representing mum and dad, as well as one for the newest family member. 17. Arggh, Baby Matey You cannot think of the sea and not think of pirates. This announcement will work even better with a big brother happy to get a first mate finally. 18. “Tide Is Bringing Someone New” Reveal Image Credit: Pinterest Instead of writing the announcement directly in the sand, create a small temporary beach installation using smooth driftwood pieces arranged to spell “Baby Coming Soon” near the waterline. Photograph the arrangement from above while the couple’s footprints lead toward it. 19. Boat Baby Boating is another favorite for those who love the beach, so if you enjoy some time on the water, you can always use that to help make the announcement a bit more fun. 20. Sunset Announcement Brighten up your pregnancy announcement at the beach by going for some lovely sunset shots. With the beautiful setting sun reflecting on the surface of the water and peeking through the clouds in a colorful array, your picture will shine just as brightly as the new life you made. 21. Flip Flop Fun Any beach outfit is incomplete without a pair of flip flops, so post a pic of mum and dad’s feet wearing flip flops and place a pair of baby flip flops in between. 22. Baby Boots Baby boots are popular for making pregnancy announcements, and there are many ways to use them. If you want simplicity with meaning, a picture of mum and dad holding baby boots with joined hands is a great way to make a subtle yet meaningful pregnancy announcement. 23. Beach Picnic for Three Image Credit: Pinterest Set up a simple picnic blanket facing the ocean with two adult place settings and a copy of an ultrasound. You could include a tiny cup, spoon or plate rather than relying on the more familiar baby shoes or onesies. 24. Big Sis Announcement Image Credit: Pinterest If you want to be simple yet pronounced, you can photograph your child and give them a promotion. With so many ideas for a pregnancy announcement at the beach, you are practically spoilt for choice. Use any of these ideas as inspiration for your big pregnancy announcement day. Also Read: Easter Pregnancy Announcement Ideas Rainbow Pregnancy Announcement Ideas Thanksgiving Pregnancy Announcement Ideas Read more

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Urine Leakage During Pregnancy – Is It Normal?

As you progress with your pregnancy, your bathroom visits may increase! Is it normal to leak pee while pregnant? Yes, urine leakage during pregnancy is a common problem that means losing control of the bladder and can be both unexpected and sometimes embarrassing (1). This is due to the increased pressure building up on your bladder and the pelvic floor, which can urge you to pee more often and may even cause small leaks when you cough, sneeze, laugh, or exercise. Although it is a common issue, it doesn’t mean you have to put up with it. Wondering why urine leakage happens in pregnancy? From common causes and risk factors to simple ways to support bladder control, here’s everything you need to know about urine leakage in pregnancy. Is It Normal to Leak Pee While Pregnant? Yes, urine leakage or stress incontinence is one of the most common pregnancy problems (2). According to a study published in the European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, one in every fifth women experiences this problem during pregnancy (3). In some women, the leakage is very little or minimal, but for other women, it may be a cause for concern. Why Does It Happen? This common side effect of pregnancy happens due to the increased pressure on the bladder. In pregnancy, your growing belly and various hormonal changes make your pelvic floor tissues and muscles expand. These expanding tissues and muscles weaken the sphincter muscles, which are responsible for controlling the release of urine from the bladder (1). This may cause urine leakage when you cough, sneeze or laugh. Plus, the baby pushing down on the pelvic muscles in the third trimester, which is the peak time, also contributes to urine leakage during pregnancy (4). Thus, your increasing pregnancy weight, hormonal changes and constipation in pregnancy are some of the causes related to urine leakage, as these all put pressure on your pelvic floor muscles. How Long Does Urinary Incontinence Last? According to the Cleveland Clinic, urinary incontinence during pregnancy is generally temporary. Urinary incontinence or urine leakage may get worse in the third trimester because of the increased pressure on the pelvic area. Some women may experience urinary incontinence even after birth. In most cases, this problem gets better within three to six months after your baby is born (5). Risk Factors for Leaking Urine During Pregnancy Pre-existing bladder conditions like recurrent urinary tract infections can cause bladder control issues. Other factors that contribute to urine leakage during pregnancy in the first trimester or subsequent trimesters include: Age above 35 years or older Women above the age of 30 with a previous pregnancy. Women with a vaginal delivery history whose injured tissue does not recover 100% of pre-labour strength (less chances) (6) Being overweight or obese History of vaginal delivery birthing over 4kg baby increase the risk of neuromuscular weakness Certain foods and drinks – carbonated drinks, caffeinated drinks, spicy foods, and alcohol – that are known to cause dehydration Treatment for Pee Leaking During Pregnancy The first-line treatment for bladder leakage during pregnancy may include the following: Keeping up a bladder diary: Maintaining a bladder diary will help you establish the frequency of leakages, which will help you in planning your bathroom visits. Practising pelvic exercises: Pelvic exercises will strengthen your pelvic muscles, thus helping you to have better control over your urinary bladder. Include more fibre in your diet: A high-fibre diet helps with constipation, which means less pressure on your pelvic muscles in pregnancy. Refrain from having caffeinated and carbonated beverages: These drinks will make you pee more, thus more chances of urine leakage. How to Manage Leaking Urine While Pregnant? So, how can I stop leaking urine during pregnancy? You can try the following ways to effectively manage your urine leakage in pregnancy: 1. Scheduled Bathroom Visits If you are facing urine leakage in pregnancy, it will be extremely helpful if you make a schedule for your bathroom visits. You may plan hourly or two-hourly visits to the bathroom. The aim is to not let your bladder feel too full, to avoid any leakage. Keeping track of your loo visits is an effective way of managing urine leakage in pregnancy. 2. Absorbent Pads Another good option to manage your urine leakage is by wearing an absorbent pad or panty liners. These are very effective in saving you from any embarrassing urine leakage. If you are working or going out of the house for a longer duration, it will be a good idea to carry an extra pad for changing. 3. Reduce Your Fluid Intake in the Late Evening or After Dinner Keeping yourself well hydrated with fluids in the morning and the afternoon is fine, but as the evening progresses, you can reduce your fluid intake so that you don’t get troubled with frequent loo visits after dinner or when you are sleeping. 4. Try Kegel Exercises Kegel exercises are the most beneficial in combating urine leakage during pregnancy third trimester. They can be done in any trimester of your pregnancy. Kegels strengthen pelvic floor muscles and provide better control over your bladder. The exercises involve clenching and releasing your pelvic floor muscles for a few seconds. 5. Avoid Caffeine Caffeine causes dehydration and makes you pee more often. So, limiting your caffeine intake from carbonated drinks, coffee, tea, or soda will prevent unnecessary pressure on your bladder (7). You can instead go for decaffeinated options like herbal tea or plain water. 6. Maintain a Healthy Weight During Pregnancy Maintaining an optimal weight when pregnant prevents pressure on the bladder and reduces the chances of urine leakage during pregnancy second trimester and the third one (8). Ways to Prevent Leaking Pee During Pregnancy You can prevent urine leakage in pregnancy by adopting some of the following measures: 1. Kegel Exercises Kegel exercises are a very effective way of preventing urine leakage in pregnancy. Urine leakage happens because of weakened pelvic tissues and muscles. Doing three sets of ten repetitions a day of Kegel exercises is a good way of strengthening the pelvic muscles. Strong pelvic muscles will hold urine and help prevent urine incontinence. Kegel exercises are absolutely safe and can be done in pregnancy. However, it is suggested that you consult your doctor to know which Kegel exercises you may do in pregnancy (9). 2. Stay Hydrated It is very important to stay hydrated in pregnancy as dehydration in pregnancy may lead to complications such as pregnancy-related headaches, preterm labour and other such complications. It is recommended to consume at least six to eight glasses of water in a day to avoid dehydration. Many women may cut back on water and other fluids, thinking it will avoid the problem of urine leakage. But cutting down on water and other fluids is not an effective solution to battle urine leakage; rather, it may cause bladder irritation and other serious medical issues. 3. Pelvic Floor Exercise Many researchers feel that if a pregnant woman begins with pelvic floor exercises early in pregnancy, it may be helpful in keeping the problem of urine leakage at bay. These exercises strengthen your pelvic floor muscles and thus help you control the flow of urine. Regular practice of pelvic floor exercise refrains the muscles from becoming flaccid. How Can Accidents Be Avoided? Here’s how you may avoid urine leakage accidents from happening: Keep tabs on your diet: Do not eat spicy foods which may irritate your bladder. Refrain from aerated drinks, tea and coffee. Eat food items which don’t irritate your bladder. Keep constipation under control: Drink plenty of water to ward off constipation. The problem of constipation puts pressure on your pelvic region, thus making you more susceptible to have weaker pelvic floor muscles. Drink adequate water: Make sure you drink plenty of water as inadequate amounts of water in pregnancy may lead to concentrated urine, which may irritate the bladder. You may also try sitting in a cross-legged position: If you feel the urge to sneeze or cough. Sitting in this position helps in controlling the urine to an extent. Bladder Training You may even opt for bladder training to manage the urine leakage in pregnancy. Bladder training helps you to manage the gap between two bathroom visits. It effectively teaches you how to hold the urine in the bladder until your next bathroom visit. You may get in touch with your doctor to know more about the bladder training program and your doctor may advise a program that is best suited for your condition. FAQs 1. Is it normal to leak pee while pregnant? Yes, it is normal and common to leak urine during pregnancy, and the situation worsens as you progress close to your due date. This is because the fetus moves down and sits in the pelvic region, pressing on your bladder more than before. 2. How do you know if it is urine leakage or water breaking? To distinguish between urine leakage and amniotic fluid leakage during water breaking, look for some parameters. Amniotic fluid is clear and odourless, while urine is yellowish in colour and strong in odour. A second difference is that amniotic fluid flow during water breaking is slow and constant. Urine leakage, on the other hand, happens suddenly during sudden movement, like sneezing or coughing and stops gradually. 3. Can urine leakage harm my baby? No, leaking urine when pregnant does not harm the developing baby. 4. Can tight clothes increase the incidence of urinary leakage during pregnancy? Yes, tight clothing, particularly the bottoms, can put pressure on the bladder region and cause you to leak some pee while sitting or lifting something. Comfortable and breathable clothes are the ideal choice. Urine leakage is a very common pregnancy problem and can be effectively managed with the above-mentioned tips. However, if you feel that you are not able to manage this problem on your own or you experience a tingling sensation, notice blood, unusual odour or any other symptom in your urine, consult your health care adviser at once. Also Read: Epithelial Cells in Urine in Pregnancy Frequent Urination during Pregnancy Urine Test and Urine Culture while Pregnant Read more

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Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP) Test in Pregnancy: Purpose, Procedure and Results

Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP) test in pregnancy is one of many prenatal screening tests that is usually suggested in the second trimester. The Alpha-Fetoprotein Test is useful for identifying the presence or absence of a number of fetal abnormalities. Your doctor may recommend it around 15–20 weeks as a screening tool rather than a diagnosis, depending on your pregnancy’s health status. AFP is a protein produced mainly by your developing baby, and some of it enters your bloodstream during pregnancy. Measuring its level can help assess whether your baby may have a higher-than-usual risk of certain birth defects or genetic conditions. If the result is outside the expected range, your doctor may recommend an ultrasound or other follow-up tests to understand what it means. What Is the Alpha-Fetoprotein Test? This is a blood test that tests for Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) levels in the mother. As per the MedlinePlus, AFP is made by the liver and yolk sac of your unborn baby (1), and the amount of this substance present in your blood indicates whether or not your baby is at risk of health issues such as spina bifida (a birth defect in which a developing baby’s spinal cord fails to develop) and anencephaly (a defect in the formation of a baby’s neural tube during development). It is usually conducted in the second trimester of pregnancy as part of the triple screen or quad screen (2). Why Do You Need an AFP Test? An AFP test helps your doctor decide if further tests or screenings are required during your pregnancy. This test is highly accurate when done between 15 and 20 weeks of your pregnancy and looks primarily for birth defects in your unborn child (3). Some reasons why you might be asked to get an AFP test are: To check for brain and spinal problems in the unborn child To determine if the unborn child has Down’s Syndrome (a genetic chromosome 21 disorder causing developmental and intellectual delays) If you are aged 35 or more You have a family history of birth defects If you used any harmful medication when pregnant If you are diabetic How to Prepare for the Test? No preparation is required before you get the AFP test. Your weight will be noted before the blood is drawn, since this is integral to the outcome. You might also be asked to provide details about your race, age, and the number of weeks you have been pregnant. How Is the Test Performed? This is a simple blood test done on an outpatient basis, usually at a diagnostic lab. The results are available in one or two weeks. The lab technician drawing your blood will: Wrap an elastic band around the intended spot, usually on the upper arm, so that the vein is easy to find. Dab the spot with alcohol. Stick the needle into the vein and draw blood till the tube attached to the needle is full. Remove the elastic band from your arm after blood has been drawn. Press a cotton ball over the needle site and apply a bandage over it. What Does the Test Feel Like? It is a painless process. You might feel a pinch or a sting at most when the needle pierces your arm. The process usually takes only a few minutes. Since the results will be available only after a few days, you might be anxious to know about your baby during the waiting period. Risks Associated With AFP Test There are almost no risks associated with an AFP test. Minor discomforts such as those associated with a regular blood test might occur. You may experience: Soreness or pain at the spot where the needle was inserted. A small bruise may appear at this spot. In rare cases, the vein may swell up resulting in a condition called phlebitis, which can be treated with a warm compress applied at regular intervals. AFP Results in Pregnancy The amount of alpha-fetoprotein in your blood tells your doctor if there are any problems with your unborn baby and, if yes, what they might be. AFP levels can be categorised as normal, high, and low. Alpha-Fetoprotein Normal Level The normal range of alpha fetoprotein levels in pregnancy can vary somewhat, depending on the lab you go to. Normal values will also depend on the age of the baby. The following are commonly thought to be in the alpha-fetoprotein normal range (4). Category AFP range in nanograms/millilitre Normal adults 0-40 ng/ml Pregnant women from 15-18 weeks 10-150 ng/ml Alpha-Fetoprotein High Level Your individual circumstances and health will have to be taken into consideration before considering AFP values that are abnormally high. High levels of AFP can mean one of the following: You are carrying more than one baby. Your pregnancy is more advanced than thought, and the due date will have to be calculated again. The baby has a neural defect. Fetal death may have occurred. The baby might have an abdominal wall defect, a condition wherein the intestines or other organs are located outside the body. Surgery after birth can help rectify this. Alpha-Fetoprotein Low Level Unusually low levels of AFP mean one of the following: The gestational age of your baby is wrong. This can happen when the due date has been miscalculated and you are earlier in your pregnancy than the initial estimate. The baby has Down Syndrome or Edwards Syndrome (a condition that causes developmental delays due to an extra chromosome 18). What Can Affect the Test? There are certain factors that can influence the outcome of the test, leading to results that can be misleading. This can happen because: It is a multiple pregnancy – i.e., the presence of more than one baby. You have gestational diabetes. You are a smoker, which can cause higher levels of AFP in the blood. You had to undergo a medical test that used radioactive tracers within two weeks of the AFP test. Points to Keep in Mind Also known as the Maternal Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein (MSAFP) test, this is just a screening test, and not a diagnostic one. It is important to note that the test only indicates that you are at a greater or lower risk of giving birth to a child with birth defects. It does not give definitive results either way. Here are some other things to remember when you undergo this test: Any abnormal AFP results will be followed up by repeat AFP testing, and if the results are the same, an ultrasound may be done to determine the cause. If an ultrasound does not reveal the reason behind unusual AFP levels, an invasive test such as amniocentesis may be recommended. Levels of AFP are usually normal in the amniotic fluid of a majority of women who have abnormal AFP blood levels. Such mothers are at very low risk of giving birth to a child with neural defects. A normal AFP result cannot be taken as a guarantee that your pregnancy will be a normal one, or that the baby will be born healthy (5). If your AFP results show abnormal levels, discuss this with your doctor, or you may be referred to a genetic counsellor. There are chances that AFP results are abnormal for no valid reason. It is estimated that in every 1,000 pregnancies, 25 to 50 abnormal AFP results are obtained. Of these, babies with actual birth defects are somewhere between 1 in 16 and 1 in 33. If invasive procedures are recommended after the AFP test, discuss the pros and cons in detail with your doctor before making a decision. FAQs 1. Is the AFP test safe during pregnancy? Yes. The Alpha Fetoprotein pregnancy test is a blood test that requires a sample from the pregnant person’s vein and does not involve a procedure inside the uterus. 2. When is the AFP test performed during pregnancy? The AFP test is generally performed during the second trimester, commonly around 15–20 weeks of pregnancy. When AFP in pregnancy is included in a quad screen, the testing window may extend to approximately 22 weeks depending on the laboratory and clinical protocol. 3. What does an abnormal AFP result mean? Abnormal AFP results in pregnancy do not automatically mean that your baby has a birth defect. It indicates that further evaluation may be needed because factors like pregnancy dating, multiple pregnancy and other conditions can affect AFP levels. 4. Does a normal AFP result rule out birth defects? No. AFP is a screening test, not a diagnostic test, so a normal result cannot rule out every birth defect or genetic condition. Whether AFP elevated in pregnancy or not, a doctor may or may not recommend further testing. Similarly, an abnormal result does not confirm that a problem is present. Abnormal levels of AFP by themselves, whether high or low, do not mean that your baby has a birth defect. It only means that your doctor is likely to order further tests, such as an ultrasound, to arrive at a diagnosis. This is not a mandatory test, and you have the right to take or refuse it. However, almost 75% to 90% of babies with neural tube defects can be identified through this test; taking it might help you chart your future course of action. Additional testing can give you a confirmed diagnosis, following which you can find out if any medical interventions are possible, or start making lifestyle changes that might be necessary when bringing up a child with special needs. Disclaimer: This information is just a guide and is not a substitute for medical advice from a qualified professional. Also Read: Nonstress Test Genetic Testing in Pregnancy Triple Marker Test during Pregnancy Read more

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Perineal Massage in Pregnancy – Benefits and How to Do It

Perineal massage in pregnancy is a simple technique that helps prepare the tissues between the vagina and anus for the stretching that will occur during vaginal birth. As per the Dona International, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) says that 53 to 79% of women may experience vaginal tears or perineal lacerations during vaginal childbirth (1). It is a gentle and relaxing massage recommended by doctors for pregnant women so that their delivery goes smoothly and the risk of perineal tear or injury during vaginal delivery decreases. Usually performed in the later weeks of pregnancy, it involves gently massaging and stretching the perineal area with clean hands. According to the NHS, many maternity services recommend beginning around 34 weeks, although your doctor or midwife can advise whether it is appropriate for you (2). What Is a Perineal Massage? Located between the anus and vagina, the perineum is a muscle used heavily at the time of delivery. During childbirth, this region suffers heavy damage and is stretched or even torn. There are even times when your doctor may have to perform a procedure called an episiotomy. This is when the doctor helps deliver a child by cutting the perineum. The tearing of this muscle is quite painful. A perineal massage while pregnant is used to help slowly relax the perineum muscle, so it helps increase the muscle flexibility and durability; this can help avoid the need to tear the muscle during childbirth. This massage is strongly recommended for women because it speeds up recovery after delivery. Benefits of a Perineal Massage in Pregnancy Doctors recommend the perineal massage for normal delivery due to the numerous benefits it can have on the recovery process. Here are some practical benefits of perineal massage: The NCT informs that the perineal massage increases fluidity in the muscles and allows it to stretch easily, which helps make childbirth less painful (3). It is known to help the suppleness of the lower cervix region, which in turn helps speed up the recovery time after the delivery. The movement of the entire region around the perineum becomes less rigid and, in turn, helps movement and blood circulation. The tissues in the region become softer and more flexible, helping ease the delivery while preserving the muscle (4). It reduces the chances that you will need an episiotomy (5). Decreases the chances of needing assisted deliveries, like the vacuum-assisted birthing method. The massage increases the width of the birth canal and decreases the tingling pain during crowning. The increased blood flow caused by the massage also helps ease the baby out of the womb, ensuring fewer complications. Does a Perineal Massage Really Help Prevent Tearing During Birth? For centuries, this massage has been practised by many cultures around the world due to its believed ability to stop tearing during birth. Massaging the perineum for 3 or 4 weeks before the date of delivery is believed to stretch the rigid and taut muscles in the region of the anus and vagina. This helps the region develop elasticity that improves the overall chances of preserving the muscle itself. This acts as a preventive measure for tearing during childbirth. The perineal massage also helps stimulate the region and improve blood flow around the perineum, anus and vagina. This not only helps the recovery to these regions but also works towards preparing the actual region for the trauma of childbirth. Note: Talk to your doctor before attempting the perineal massage, some pregnancies can be complicated and it is always best to get medical advice before commencing any form of activity that may impact the pregnancy. How to Do a Perineal Massage During Pregnancy? Before performing the massage, it is important to understand the method and technique required to perform the massage, as well as other key points like when to begin, how often to perform the massage and what you need for the massage itself. 1. When to Start Doctors recommend the perineal massage in the third trimester. The Cleveland Clinic recommends you perform the massage continuously for 4-6 weeks before the expected due date (6). Ensure you have someone in the room with you when you begin the massage to assist you in case of any emergency. Consult your primary healthcare physician and OBGYN before commencing the massage. 2. How Often to Massage Perform the massage once in the morning and once in the evening for better results. If the massage feels uncomfortable twice a day, then reduce it to once a day. Do not perform the massage if there is excruciating pain or any other side effects that you experience; in this circumstance, consult your doctor. A research question published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) stated that massaging the perineum once or twice a week for about four weeks is enough (7). 3. What You Require to Get Started Before you begin the massage, here are a few key requirements you need to keep in mind: You must have finely trimmed and filed nails. Remember to keep a full-length mirror in front of you to find the location of the perineum/ Ensure you lubricate well. Natural oils like sweet almond, avocado, olive oil, or vitamin E oil can be used. You can also use either KY jelly or vegetable oil. For alternative lubricants, talk to your doctor (8). 4. How to Do the Prenatal Perineal Massage By Yourself The Government of Ireland’s project-based HSE provides a detailed process for how to do a perineal massage (9). Once the equipment is in place, you can follow these simplified techniques to perform the actual massage: Ensure you stretch your legs to the required extent. Insert both thumbs into your vagina. Using your thumbs, press downward and then pull to the side (this can cause a slight tingling sensation or slight pain. If the pain is excruciating, stop.) Hold this press for 2 to 2.5 minutes. Using your thumbs and forefingers, rub your perineum for a minute or a minute and a half Once this technique becomes comfortable, you can begin to add Kegel exercises to further stimulate the effects of the massage. FAQs 1. When should I start perineal massage during pregnancy? Most maternity guidance recommends starting from around 34 weeks of pregnancy. It is generally continued several times a week until birth, depending on your comfort and your healthcare provider’s advice. 2. Does perineal massage prevent tearing during childbirth? It cannot guarantee that you will not tear, but evidence suggests that massage during the final weeks of pregnancy can reduce the likelihood of perineal trauma requiring stitches and may reduce the need for an episiotomy. 3. Is perineal massage painful? You may feel stretching, pressure or mild discomfort, but the massage should not be painful. Gentle pressure and adequate lubrication can make it more comfortable; stop if you experience significant pain or discomfort. The NCT says that the pain is usually negligible by the second or third week of massage (3). 4. When should I avoid perineal massage? Avoid it if you think your waters have broken or if you have a vaginal infection such as thrush or genital herpes. Speak with your maternity care provider if you are unsure whether perineal massage is safe for you. 5. Can I get a perineal massage in 2nd pregnancy? You can get a perineal massage in 2nd pregnancy, but the statistical result won’t be much compared to the first pregnancy if you gave birth vaginally, as your perineum would have already been stretched due to the first vaginal birth. It is well known that prevention is the best form of preparation. Starting perineum massage and including other activities that help with natural childbirth, like prenatal yoga, is the best way to prevent complications that can be avoided. Pregnancy can be physically traumatic, so always remember to get sufficient rest and talk to your doctor regularly during and after the pregnancy. It is also recommended that you perform the massage for the first few times after talking to a specialist to ensure proper form and technique, so you don’t hurt yourself or your baby. A Final Note: Always remember to communicate with your caregivers and doctors about any sensations that feel unnatural during the massage. If the massage begins to feel different after a while, consult your doctor on if it is okay to continue the perineum massages. Also Read: Vagina after Pregnancy Postpartum Perineal Pain – Causes & Relief Tips to Cope With Perineal Tears during Delivery Read more

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a commonly encountered virus in human beings. It causes a mild infection in adults which does not pose any severe health problems, and the body can combat it without any special treatment. Although that’s the case in adults, cytomegalovirus (CMV) in pregnancy must be treated more seriously. Pregnant women can contract the virus, which can potentially cause congenital CMV in newborns. While most of the CMV infections in pregnancy are silent and harmless, they can be transmitted to the fetus and negatively impact an unborn baby. Thus, it is essential for pregnant women to stay informed about the relationship between cytomegalovirus and pregnancy. What Is Cytomegalovirus? Cytomegalovirus belongs to the virus family Herpesviridae and is known to be one of the most common congenital viral infection which affects all age groups (1). Almost everyone encounters this virus in their lifetime. The virus can stay in a healthy person’s body in an inactive form without any symptoms for their entire life, and even if it becomes active, the immune system can fight against it without any treatment (2). CMV can cause severe health conditions if the person becomes immunocompromised, which can be a result of HIV infection. Congenital CMV infection is when the baby is born with the infection. It is identified as the leading cause of children developing hearing problems or even hearing loss due to non-genetic reasons. CMV and pregnancy are highly discussed since the infection can be a threat to the baby’s health. How Common Is CMV During Pregnancy? CMV is prevalent and affects the worldwide population. It is estimated that more than 40% of people encounter this virus by the time they are 20 years old. According to Texas Children’s, about 1 in 4 women contract a primary CMV infection during pregnancy (3). Any form of close contact with an infected person can lead to transmission of the virus to a healthy person. Causes of CMV in Pregnancy CMV spreads from an infected person to another person through body fluids. This includes saliva, urine, faeces, tears, vaginal secretions, semen, breast milk and any other bodily secretion (4). CMV infection is not related to food, water or animals. Although it is not a highly contagious disease, it is seen to spread quickly among the household as a result of sharing utensils or close intimate contact with an infected individual. Also, toddlers playing or schooling together have a higher risk of transmitting CMV infection to each other. Signs of CMV in Pregnancy CMV usually does not present with any symptoms, and the person might not even know he/she is infected. Even if there are symptoms, they are vague and can often be confused with those of a common cold or other viral infection. The CMV virus in pregnancy symptoms generally include (5): High fever (above 100 degrees F) Fatigue A sore throat Muscle and joint pains Swollen glands Weakness and loss of appetite A weakened immune system, which paves the way for other infections in severe cases like pneumonia, hepatitis, etc. This can further weaken the immune system and make the woman susceptible to common pregnancy infections. Congenital cytomegalovirus is a condition in which cytomegalovirus is passed on from the mother to the child before birth. It is when the condition is present in the baby at birth. Congenital CMV in pregnancy can happen at any stage when it is transferred through the placenta to the baby. In these situations, the CDC presents the following conditions the baby may present with (6): Low birth weight and smaller head Enlarged liver and spleen Jaundice Pneumonia In the long term, if it is untreated, it can cause hearing loss, visual impairment, etc. In most cases, the baby may not present with any symptoms at birth but will develop physical or mental problems later. Diagnosis of CMV Virus During Pregnancy As mentioned earlier, the symptoms of CMV can be easily confused with those of a common cold or throat infection. Almost everyone encounters the virus, and once it enters the body, the virus stays inside the body in a dormant state. Diagnosis is made by a simple blood test or a sample of any other body fluid or even tissue. If the patient is CMV positive, the doctor suggests further treatment if required. If a pregnant woman is detected as positive, then the doctor may check if the baby has also got the infection. This is usually done by performing an ultrasound to check for any CMV-related abnormalities and can be followed by carrying out an amniocentesis. In cases of congenital CMV, the doctor must test the baby at birth or within the first two weeks, preferably to ensure that it is congenital CMV. Risks of Cytomegalovirus During Pregnancy The infection due to CMV is usually mild and does not show any specific symptoms. Unless the person’s immune system is compromised, the infection does not pose any major health threats. Even with congenital CMV, most babies (about 80%) do not show any signs and also do not develop any complications in the future. However, in the remaining 20%, severe problems may be seen, such as: Premature birth Enlarged liver or spleen Lower birth weight Smaller head Inflamed lymph nodes Even though the baby does not show any symptoms at birth, he may develop some of the following conditions later in life, such as: Vision loss Hearing loss Learning disabilities Impaired neural development Lack of coordination Muscle weakness Effects of CMV on Mother and Unborn Baby Most pregnant women would already have antibodies against CMV since they would have encountered the virus before in life. Hence, the mother does not face any serious threats from the viral infection. However, for the baby, the infection can be dangerous if transmitted. How Is the Virus Transmitted from the Mom to the Unborn Baby? CMV exposure in pregnancy can go undetected and get transmitted to the foetus during the term or during delivery. This transmission is possible through the placenta and depends on the stage of pregnancy (when the mother got the infection). If the mother encounters the virus after her first trimester, the chances of the baby being born with congenital CMV are less, but if the mother gets CMV in early pregnancy, the chances of the baby being born with the infection are higher. Out of these, the majority do not display any symptoms at birth or even during later stages of life. Treatment of Cytomegalovirus in Pregnancy Treatment is not required in adults since their immune system is sufficient to fight the infection, but in some cases, the doctor may prescribe antiviral drugs. How to Prevent CMV in Pregnant Women? There are simple ways to protect yourself from the infection. Maintaining a hygienic lifestyle, cleaning toys or surfaces which come in contact with saliva or urine, etc., can go a long way in preventing the virus from entering your body. Children who show symptoms of infection should not mingle with other kids till they recover. What If Your Baby Is Born With the Infection? In babies with congenital CMV, it is essential to undergo proper medication with antiviral drugs as prescribed by the doctor to fight the infection. It is recommended to get regular check-ups done to check for any degradation in vision or hearing. FAQs 1. How does CMV spread? CMV can spread by kissing an infected person, having sexual contact, being passed to the baby during pregnancy, childbirth, and nursing, and touching your mouth or eyes after getting into contact with an infected person’s body fluids. 2. Can I pass CMV to my baby? Yes, you can pass the CMV infection to your baby at any time during pregnancy if you get infected during pregnancy. According to the March of Dimes, the chances of transmitting CMV to your baby when you yourself got it during pregnancy is 33%, and the chance of contracting CMV before pregnancy and then transmitting it to your unborn baby is 1% (7). 3. Can a fetus be checked for CMV during pregnancy? If a mother contracts CMV during pregnancy, the doctor may recommend a test for the fetus called amniocentesis to check for any birth defects and genetic conditions (7). 4. Can I breastfeed my baby if I have CMV? CMV can be transmitted to the baby while nursing through breast milk. If you have CMV, it is okay to nurse your baby who is full term. But if your baby was born before 30 weeks of pregnancy and weighs less than 3.3 pounds, it is important to contact your doctor before feeding your little one, as low birthweight or preterm babies are more susceptible to infections than full-term babies (7). 5. How does CMV in pregnancy’s third trimester affect baby? The likelihood and impact of CMV in pregnancy’s third trimester (passing to the baby) is the highest, about 40-70%. However, the effect of CMV during the first trimester and CMV in the second trimester is generally lower in the context of severe birth defects or major organ damage in the fetus (8). While the general impact of the relationship between CMV infection and pregnancy is little to no on adults, it can have a debilitating impact, such as possible impaired hearing, on those children who contract it. As the symptoms of the virus can be confused with those of a common cold, it is advisable for pregnant women to get a CMV IgG test done. Also Read: Flu while Pregnant Fever during Pregnancy Sneezing while Pregnant Cough and Cold in Pregnancy Read more

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Milk of Magnesia During Pregnancy – Safety, Benefits, and Risks

Milk of Magnesia is generally considered safe for occasional use during pregnancy when recommended by a doctor, particularly to relieve constipation or heartburn. However, its suitability varies depending on factors such as the dosage, frequency of use, your medical history, kidney function, and the stage of pregnancy. Although it is available over the counter, it should not be used regularly or for prolonged periods without medical supervision. Using it incorrectly may increase the risk of unwanted side effects or medication interactions. In this article, you’ll learn about its benefits, potential risks, side effects, precautions, safe usage guidelines, and get the answer to the common question, “Is Milk of Magnesia safe for pregnancy?” What Is Milk of Magnesia? This osmotic remedy works by drawing water into the intestines and softening the stool, making bowel movements easy. The original form of milk of magnesia usually helps a person produce a bowel movement within a timeframe of half an hour to six hours. Milk of magnesia may also help with sunburn and acne, though the actual proof is significantly lacking. Often, pregnant women face constipation due to a surge in hormones in progesterone, which is responsible for the relaxation of muscles. This causes the intestinal muscles to slow down as well, thereby delaying the process of digestion. Excess iron derived from the supplements consumed also contributes to the same. Milk of Magnesia is a reliable friend that relieves expecting mothers of gut disturbances. Hence, call your doctor if you feel uneasy or have any unusual symptoms after consuming milk of magnesia. However, it is to be noted that this is a temporary solution (1). Is Milk of Magnesia Safe During Pregnancy? Are you anxious about the risks of taking milk of magnesia during pregnancy? To your relief, generally, it is safe to consume Milk of Magnesia during pregnancy. That being said, it is extremely important to double-check with your gynaecologist. The laxative can interact with the medications you’re currently using. For those who have diets with little magnesium or any kidney diseases, consumption of this laxative is unhealthy. Ensure you inform the doctor of any specific allergies, as the same can be found in the milk of magnesia ingredient list. It can reduce the effectiveness of certain medications or increase the risk of experiencing side effects. If there is no effect even after 6 hours of taking it, inform the doctor. The delay in reaction could be due to an underlying health implication it has caused. These should be more than good reasons to get an approving nod from the doctor before hurriedly buying it from a drugstore. Safe Milk of Magnesia for Pregnant Women – Types and Dosage Knowing the safe consumption limits is imperative now that you know it is safe. Milk of magnesia is found in tablet, liquid, and chewable forms. It can be purchased from drug stores in regular strength or concentrated liquid. The chewable form requires chewing before swallowing, and the concentrated one needs water. Certain variants need to be consumed with food while others do without it. How often can you take magnesia milk during pregnancy? Typically, it is taken in a single dose at night. Some brands recommend one to four tablespoons of the liquid version of milk of magnesia and an 8-ounce glass of water per dose (2). Follow the recommended dosage in the package unless specifically mentioned. Prescribed dosage, if any, varies based on the age and severity of the problem. People should not take the laxative for more than seven days. In case the problem persists, talk to your doctor (3). Regardless of your consumption pattern, ensure that you do not breach the maximum daily amount in a day. In case of any difficulty, seek immediate medical attention. Benefits of Taking Milk of Magnesia in Pregnancy Is milk of magnesia good for pregnant women? If yes, how beneficial is the milk of magnesia while pregnant for constipation? This poses less risk than a stimulant laxative (4). It is known to relieve constipation within six hours. It soothes heartburn symptoms and eases a sour stomach when used as an antacid. Side Effects of Milk of Magnesia While Pregnant There is no empirical evidence stating the degree of safety of milk of magnesia for pregnant women. Despite getting a yes from the doc, a few commonly observed downsides are: It triggers side effects like diarrhoea, cramping, nausea, bloating, and excessive thirst. It is a must to stay hydrated to prevent these side effects from taking a toll on your health (2). An imbalance in electrolyte levels is observed in excessive intake (5). Disturbances in heart rhythm are seen. A slow heartbeat is the most frequently seen one. Difficulty faced in daily bowel movements to a stage of excessive dependence on laxatives. If you rely too heavily on the milk of magnesia, you may experience dehydration— which, in turn, triggers uterine muscle contractions. Skin flushing, drowsiness, and light-headedness are a few other side effects. What Are the Complications of Having Milk of Magnesia When Pregnant? It should not be consumed in dosages exceeding the maximum daily amount. An overdose can lead to severe health implications and associated health risks. Regular use can lead to complications such as magnesium poisoning or hypermagnesemia (6). Those who have kidney disease or diabetes face the risk of electrolyte imbalance. A small amount of it can enter the breastmilk, with other unknown effects. Do Milk of Magnesia Cause Congenital Disabilities? FDA does not recommend the intake of milk for magnesia during pregnancy. It is not known to cause any congenital disability or other risks to the fetus. Prolonged usage of the same is not recommended as it can lead to extreme dehydration (5). Alternatives of Milk of Magnesia in Pregnancy Milk of Mag in pregnancy may not be suitable for every woman, particularly when long-term relief is needed or certain medical conditions are present. In these situations, the following alternatives may be recommended: Dietary fibre and increased fluid intake: Eating more fibre-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes, along with staying well-hydrated, is the first-line approach for preventing and relieving constipation during pregnancy. Bulk-forming laxatives: Products containing psyllium or methylcellulose absorb water to soften stools and promote regular bowel movements. They are generally considered safe during pregnancy when taken with adequate fluids. Stool softeners: Docusate sodium may be recommended for short-term relief if passing stools is painful or difficult. It softens the stool, making bowel movements easier without stimulating the intestines. Calcium carbonate antacids: If heartburn is your main concern, calcium carbonate-based antacids can provide quick relief and are commonly recommended during pregnancy when used as directed by a healthcare provider. When to Consult Your Doctor? A doctor’s help is always beneficial during pregnancy. Do not hesitate to call them even at the slightest symptom trigger. When having an upset stomach or trouble with bodily functions, seek the advice of a doctor before buying this OVC remedy. Consult a doctor when there is no indication of bowel movements even after 6 hours of consumption. On feeling any allergies or unusual symptoms, do not hesitate to rush. Please ensure there is no overdosage, as it can impair your health. Get the necessary advice before proceeding to detect blood in the stool or not getting relief after continuous consumption. FAQs 1. Are there any alternatives to Milk of Magnesia for managing constipation and heartburn during pregnancy? Yes, there are several alternatives. Dietary changes such as increasing fibre intake, staying hydrated, and regular exercise can be effective for constipation. Eating smaller meals, avoiding trigger foods, and elevating the head during sleep may help with heartburn. Over-the-counter antacids and stool softeners, considered safe for pregnancy, can also be options (7). 2. Can Milk of Magnesia affect the absorption of prenatal vitamins? Milk of Magnesia can interfere with the absorption of certain nutrients and medications, including prenatal vitamins. To minimise any potential interaction, it is advisable to take Milk of Magnesia and prenatal vitamins at different times of the day. Consult your doctor for personalised advice (8). 3. How does the use of Milk of Magnesia in pregnancy first, second and third trimesters vary? Milk of Magnesia in the first trimester is generally safe for occasional use to manage constipation and heartburn. Still, it’s essential to consult a doctor due to early pregnancy sensitivities. It can be used effectively in the second trimester as the body adjusts. In the third trimester, while Milk of Magnesia remains a viable option, careful monitoring is needed to avoid potential issues with electrolyte balance and to address any additional discomfort from the growing uterus. Pregnancy is a joyous occasion, and the mother’s and baby’s health is paramount. It has its share of discomforts, so we are here for you. Doctors, dieticians, and those who love you ensure you always feel healthy and comfortable. Now that you know about the relation between milk of magnesia and pregnancy in detail, what else could trouble you? Also Read: Propranolol in Pregnancy Almond Milk when Pregnancy Fibromyalgia while Pregnant Omeprazole during Pregnancy Read more

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Playing Sports during Pregnancy: Is It Safe?

Playing a sport is beneficial for all, but if you want to take up a sport during pregnancy, you might have second thoughts. If you’ve always liked playing sports and want to continue with it while pregnant, then we have good news for you. You can play sport during pregnancy, provided you choose a sport considering your health status. Participating in light sports can prove to be beneficial for your physical and mental health during pregnancy. However, it is suggested that you seek your doctor’s approval before engaging in any sport or physical activity. In this article, we share some important information related to sport and pregnancy that could help you a great deal. Scroll now! Benefits of Playing Sport While Pregnant Sports can do a lot of good for your health. Here are some benefits of playing sports during pregnancy or basically any physical activity moderately. Engaging in sports activities can prevent you from gaining excess weight. It decreases the risk of gestational diabetes. It reduces the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Playing sports can help reduce stress, anxiety and morning sickness. Engaging in sports activities also improves mood, sleep, image, and self-esteem. Sports help increase energy levels and blood circulation to the fetus (1). It reduces constipation and bloating. It helps reduce the incidence of lower back pain. It reduces labour time. Why Is it Important to Be Extra Careful While Playing Sports in Pregnancy? Pregnancy brings hormonal and bodily changes that interfere with your ability to engage in certain activities and sports. As your bump grows, the centre of gravity for your body changes and the ligaments in your pelvic area begin to loosen up. This increases the risk of falls and injury if met with jerks. Therefore, you should cautiously choose a sport in pregnancy that does not harm you and your baby. Medical Conditions That May Prevent a Woman From Taking Up Sports While Pregnant There is no harm in taking up sports to maintain fitness levels during pregnancy, but you should do so only after checking with your gynaecologist. There are certain conditions in which sports should be avoided. You should refrain from undergoing physical strain in the following situations mentioned below (2). If you have bone and joint problems. If you have pregnancy-related issues like incompetent cervix, placenta previa or hypertension. If you are carrying twins or triplets. If you have problems related to the heart, lungs, or liver. If you are anaemic, underweight, or obese. As per a review referring to guidelines representing 9 countries, absolute and relative contraindications to exercise. Take a look for more information (2). Sports and Fitness Level During Pregnancy The fitness level to follow during pregnancy depends on your physical activity before conceiving. If you were an active person and have a healthy, uncomplicated pregnancy, you may continue with your sport. But remember to not get too worked up. And if you are a laid-back person who has been inactive and wants to take up a sport, it’s better to take it slow and go for an easy sport. The Pregnancy, Birth and Baby service operated by Healthdirect Australia recommends that you start with 15 minutes per session and gradually build up to 30 minutes of your moderate-intensity game (3). Which Sports to Avoid While Pregnant? You should avoid any high-impact sport that has a higher risk of falling or collision. The following is a list of sports to avoid during pregnancy: 1. Sports Involving the Risk of Falling and Hitting Your Womb Do not take up or participate in any sport which seems risky. According to the American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists, sports in which you can fall flat on your stomach or in which someone can hit you on your bump accidentally should be avoided at all costs. Some of the sports include ice hockey, boxing, downhill skiing, football, basketball, rugby, squash, scuba diving, horseback riding, and gymnastics (4). 2. High Altitudes or Diving Sports High altitudes or diving sports are not recommended for you, as these can put your baby at risk and make you ill because of the changes in oxygen levels. These include scuba diving, bottle diving, and mountaineering. Moreover, if you are from lowlands, then intensive training above 2000-2500 meters above sea level is not advised (5). 3. Involves Lots of Jumping or Bouncing Sports that involve lots of bouncing movements are considered unsafe and should be avoided, like horse riding, surfing, volleyball, and similar. 4. Involves Sudden Twists and Turns of Your Body Certain sports such as ice hockey, tennis, and kickboxing require sudden shifts in your body positions. These jerks can have a negative impact on your loosened ligaments. Hence, should be avoided (6). Sports and Stages of Pregnancy You should select your sport depending on how healthy your pregnancy is. Besides, you may need to alter your sports regime as your pregnancy advances, to meet the demands of your pregnant body. 1. In the First Trimester You must consider playing specific sports during the first trimester of pregnancy to prevent your body from overheating. Apart from that, keep the following things in mind when planning to engage in any sport in early pregnancy. Avoid playing in hot & humid temperatures. Wear loose and comfortable clothes. Drink water to keep yourself hydrated. 2. In the Second and Third Trimesters In the second and third trimesters of your pregnancy, the following are the things you should bear in mind while playing sports. As your weight increases in these trimesters, it will make you more vulnerable to losing your balance, so as a precautionary measure, you should stop playing if you feel unsteady. Your ligaments may also loosen, increasing the risk of ligament injury. As a precaution, avoid activities that involve heavy weights, sudden movements, twists and turns (7). Your blood pressure will also lower, so move slowly to avoid dizziness. Which Sport Is Recommended for Pregnant Women? Water activities such as swimming and water aerobics are safe sports during pregnancy and also fun. It’s the best pregnancy sport as it won’t make you fall, and all your muscles will get worked out with no risk of overheating your body. It will even help alleviate the symptoms of back pain and swelling in the leg. Moreover, women who are habitually involved in high-intensity exercise can continue during pregnancy and after childbirth. These include aerobic exercises, resistance and stretching exercises, dancing, and water sports that do not involve diving (8). Activities that take the below points into consideration can be considered safe sports during pregnancy. Games or sports that have a minimal chance of you falling are best during pregnancy. Games and sports in which you can stand straight. Sports and activities in which your weight is supported and do not put you off-balance. FAQs 1. Can I play sports while pregnant if I was active before pregnancy? Yes, you can engage in sports while pregnant if you had already been active, but the intensity and the type of sport will have to be modified, as pregnancy is delicate. It is best to consult your doctor before engaging in any exercise, prenatal exercise, sport, or aerobics, especially if you participate in vigorous or competitive sports. 2. Can playing sports cause a miscarriage or premature birth? For women with uncomplicated pregnancies, recommended physical activity has not been shown to increase the risk of miscarriage or premature birth. However, women with certain pregnancy or medical complications may need personalised advice from their doctor. 3. When should I stop exercising and call my doctor? You should stop exercising and contact your obstetrician if you experience vaginal bleeding, sudden dizziness or fainting, chest pain, shortness of breath, contractions, calf pain or swelling, or have fluid leaking from the vagina. Taking up sports during pregnancy has more benefits than consequences. You can consider playing a sport to maintain a healthy weight during pregnancy. Make sure to choose the sport that poses minimal risk to your health and pregnancy to avoid future complications. Also, play safe to avoid any injury, fall or ligament damage, and you can stay strong and fit throughout your pregnancy. Disclaimer: The information given in this article is not intended or implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. We urge readers to seek the advice of a physician before taking up any sports during pregnancy. Also Read: Walking in Pregnancy Meditation while Pregnancy Is Running Safe during Pregnancy? Read more

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Facial in Pregnancy – Safe Types and What to Avoid

Facial in pregnancy is generally safe, provided the treatment uses pregnancy-safe ingredients and avoids procedures that may pose unnecessary risks to you or your baby. Many women consider getting a facial during pregnancy to manage common skin changes such as acne, dryness, excess oil, or pigmentation caused by hormonal fluctuations. However, because pregnancy can also make the skin more sensitive, not every facial treatment or skincare ingredient is suitable. Choosing the right type of facial and informing your skincare professional about your pregnancy are essential for a safe experience. This article answers the common question, “Is a facial safe for pregnancy?”, and explains which treatments and ingredients to avoid, the potential benefits of pregnancy-safe facials, and the precautions to keep in mind before booking an appointment. Is a Facial Safe While Pregnant? A basic prenatal facial, which does not use harsh chemicals or heat therapy, is considered safe for pregnant women. It will act as a stress buster and refresh you. It is important to understand that the skin absorbs everything applied to it, including chemicals. These chemicals can enter your bloodstream and, ultimately, your baby’s blood. Therefore, the application of chemicals to the face should be avoided (1). So, can you get a facial while pregnant? The answer is yes, provided there is no use of harsh chemicals, no laser therapies or prolonged involvement. Why Is a Facial Beneficial in Pregnancy? From improving your skin’s health to helping you feel refreshed and relaxed, here are some of the key benefits of getting a pregnancy-safe facial (2). Helps manage pregnancy-related skin changes: Gentle facials can cleanse the skin, reduce excess oil, hydrate dry areas, and improve the appearance of mild acne or congestion caused by hormonal fluctuations. Provides deep hydration: Pregnancy can make the skin feel dry or tight. Hydrating facials replenish moisture, strengthen the skin barrier, and leave the skin feeling softer and more comfortable. Promotes relaxation and stress relief: A soothing facial, combined with a gentle facial massage, can help you unwind, reduce stress, and promote an overall sense of wellbeing during pregnancy. Improves skin texture and radiance: By removing dead skin cells through mild exfoliation and nourishing the skin, pregnancy-safe facials can leave the complexion looking smoother, brighter, and healthier. Best Pregnancy Facials Following are facials which are considered to be safe during pregnancy. However, it is best to consult your doctor before going for one. 1. Oxygen facial This pregnancy safe facial regulates and improves the circulation of blood. It also helps in reducing wrinkles on the face. 2. Deep Cleansing Facial This facial is especially beneficial if you are suffering from acne. A deep cleansing facial involves gentle massage, extraction, and exfoliation, all of which are safe during pregnancy. 3. Hydrating Facials This will help if your skin is dry, as a hydrating facial will moisturise your skin. 4. Brightening Facial A brightening facial can help combat dullness and pigmentation often experienced during pregnancy. It uses safe, pregnancy-friendly products to enhance skin radiance and even out the complexion. 5. Anti-Stress Facial An anti-stress facial is designed to reduce stress and promote relaxation. This type of facial often includes gentle massages and calming masks that can help soothe both the skin and the mind during pregnancy. Ingredients in Facials and Their Safety for Pregnant Women During pregnancy, it’s essential to be cautious about skincare ingredients used in facials to ensure the safety of both mother and baby. Here’s a guide to common facial ingredients, their potential concerns, and their safety for pregnant women: Common Ingredients Concerns Safety Salicylic Acid Concerns about systemic absorption and potential harm to the fetus. Best avoided, especially in high concentrations. Retinoids (Retinol, Retin-A) High doses may cause birth defects. Avoid, opt for alternatives like bakuchiol (3). Essential Oils (Eucalyptus, Rosemary) Some essential oils can trigger contractions or affect hormone levels. Use cautiously, dilute properly or avoid entirely (4). Hydroquinone Potential skin-lightening effects and systemic absorption concerns. Best avoided during pregnancy due to lack of safety data (5). Chemical Peels (Glycolic Acid, Lactic Acid) Concerns about penetration and potential systemic effects. Mild forms like glycolic acid can be used under supervision. Parabens Endocrine disruption concerns. Generally safe, but choose paraben-free products if concerned (6). Artificial Fragrances Potential allergens and sensitizers. Opt for fragrance-free options to minimise risk. Benzoyl Peroxide Potential systemic absorption, safety concerns. Generally considered safe in topical use, consult with a healthcare provider (7). Peptides Limited safety data during pregnancy. Limited data, consult with a healthcare provider before use. Hyaluronic Acid Generally considered safe due to minimal absorption. Safe for topical use, widely used in pregnancy skincare (8). Vitamin C Generally safe, avoid high concentrations. Safe for topical use, beneficial for skin brightening. Azelaic Acid Minimal systemic absorption; widely used to treat acne and pigmentation during pregnancy. Generally considered safe for topical use during pregnancy when used as directed (9). What Should You Avoid? While it is safe to get a facial done, ensure that you avoid the following face therapies as they can adversely affect you and your baby’s health: Extraction of blackheads and tightening pores Chemical peels and chemical masks Electric currents Plastic surgery Long massage sessions Heat or steam treatments Even before going for an organic or herbal facial option, ensure that there is no ingredient in it that can cause allergies. Some moisturisers can contain soy-based components, which can cause skin irritation. Tips to Have a Safe Facial During Pregnancy While facials and pregnancy can go hand in hand, the following are tips to ensure a safe facial. Inform the staff about your pregnancy at the time of making an appointment and ask them if they trained. Inform the staff attending to you about your condition and ask them to be cautious. Consult your doctor about getting a facial and visit only a reliable, clean and hygienic salon. Verify the products being used and the ingredients they are made up of. Understand the types of treatment and assess if they can have any negative impact. Ensure that there is no use of chemicals, application of electric current or intensive massage. Do not hesitate to stop the session if you experience any irritation or find that your instructions are not being adhered to. Avoid using skin-lightening agents or products which contain salicylic acids. Avoid harsh bleaching agents or hair removal creams. FAQs 1. What should I avoid in a facial when pregnant? Avoid facials with ingredients like retinoids, high concentrations of salicylic acid, and chemical peels. These ingredients can potentially harm the fetus or cause skin irritation during pregnancy. 2. Can facials help with pregnancy-related skin issues like melasma and acne? Yes, certain facials tailored for pregnancy can help alleviate skin issues like melasma (dark patches) and acne by using safe and effective ingredients that won’t harm the baby. 3. Is it safe to use steam during a facial while pregnant? Steam can be used cautiously during a facial while pregnant, but it’s best to avoid excessive heat or prolonged exposure to steam, especially on the face and neck area. 4. Can I undergo a facial massage during pregnancy? Yes, gentle facial massages can be beneficial during pregnancy to promote relaxation and improve circulation. However, ensure the massage is gentle and avoid pressure points that could potentially trigger contractions. This was all about facials during pregnancy first, second and third trimesters. Facials for pregnant women can be a relaxing way to unwind and care for changing skin during pregnancy. However, it is better to be extra cautious and clear about the effects and side effects of getting a facial done before going for one and avoid if there is any contingency attached to it. With a little care and precaution, you can enjoy a relaxing and rejuvenate facial during pregnancy. Also Read: Foot Massage in Pregnancy Manicure & Pedicure while Pregnant Are Spa Treatments Safe when Pregnant? How Useful is Physiotherapy during Pregnancy? Read more

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Fibroids in Pregnancy – Types, Causes, Risks and Prevention

Fibroids are benign tumours that grow out of the cells that make up the uterus. Any woman of reproductive age can develop them, and it is estimated that between 50% and 80% of women can have one in their lifetime. Although the cause of fibroids in pregnancy is unclear, there are factors such as hormonal levels, genetic factors, race, obesity, etc. that play a role in their growth. Fibroids in some pregnant women can cause complications such as miscarriage, low birth weight, preterm labour, etc. and hence need to be treated before conception. Read further to understand the relationship between uterine fibroids and pregnancy and their effects on pregnancy. What Are Uterine Fibroids? Also termed as Myomas or leiomyoma of the uterus, uterine fibroids are non-cancerous tumours that range in size from as small as a pea to as large as a grapefruit (1). Fibroids can grow into the uterine cavity, within the uterine wall, or outside of the uterine wall, and women can have them in one or more of these locations. A fibroid or a cluster of fibroids in the uterus that has grown to a large size or is growing on the outside of the uterine wall can displace the uterus to an abnormal position. This could put pressure on internal organs such as the intestine and the urinary bladder, leading to symptoms such as fullness, constipation, frequent urination, backache and pelvic pain. Fibroids are also known to cause heavy menstrual bleeding and interfere with fertility. Occasionally, they could cause complications during pregnancy. Uterine fibroids are almost always benign tumours of the uterus, no matter how large they grow in size, and having fibroids does not increase a woman’s risk of cancer. It is estimated that fibroids usually develop prior to pregnancy. Most women are unaware of them until they get an ultrasound scan or a pelvic exam. What Are the Types of Uterine Fibroids? Fibroids are classified based on where they grow in the uterine region (2). 1. Intramural Fibroids These fibroids grow within the muscular wall of the uterus and are the most commonly occurring type. They tend to grow large in size and deform the uterus, making it full. Their presence can obstruct the egg from being fertilised and cause infertility. Intramural fibroids also cause heavy bleeding during the menstrual periods. 2. Submucosal Fibroids Submucosal fibroids grow just under the inner lining of the uterus. Even the presence of small lesions in the lining of the uterus can cause infertility and heavy or painful periods. 3. Subserosal Fibroids These fibroids occur on the outside of the uterus and grow into the pelvic region. They remain attached to the uterus by a small stalk-like tissue as the fibroid grows. Subserosal fibroids can put excess pressure on the internal organs as they grow and cause physical discomfort. 4. Cervical Fibroids These fibroids, although rare, grow in the wall of the cervix and can cause complications during labour. What Are the Causes of Uterine Fibroids During Pregnancy? What leads to the growth of fibroids is not exactly known, but there are a few known causes of fibroids during pregnancy, such as hormones, genetic changes and growth factors. Hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone seem to promote the growth of fibroids as they stimulate the development of the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle. Research shows that there is a greater presence of receptors for oestrogen and progesterone in fibroids than in the normal uterine muscles (3). Therefore, during pregnancy, when oestrogen levels are high, fibroids tend to swell. Birth control pills that contain oestrogen also make it likely to develop fibroids in women who are on the pills. Genetic changes can also be one of the causes of fibroids, as fibroids contain changes in genes that are different from the normal uterine muscle cells. Growth factors are substances that help the body maintain tissues and are suspected to affect the growth of fibroids. New research also found some evidence that caffeine, alcohol and red meats could increase the risk of fibroids. What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids During Pregnancy? Fibroids in most women are asymptomatic; a lot of women are unaware of them until they have a scan. In about a third of the women, fibroids cause symptoms such as abnormal periods and pain (4). Painful periods or prolonged and heavy bleeding, which can lead to anaemia. Frequent urination or pain during urination caused by the fibroid compressing the urinary bladder. A feeling of fullness in the abdomen, which can cause constipation as the fibroid applies pressure on the colon. Pain in the pelvis, back or belly, depending on where the fibroid is located. Infertility and trouble conceiving. Pain during sex. Unexplained miscarriages. Are There Any Risk Factors of Fibroids? The risk factors of fibroids are not clearly understood, but what is known is that they can affect any woman of reproductive age. Other factors that have an influence include (5): Heredity: There is a high chance that you would develop fibroids if a family member, such as your mother or sister, has fibroids. Race: African women or African-Caribbean women have a high risk of developing fibroids at a younger age than women of any other race. They are also likely to have larger fibroids. Obesity: Being overweight causes higher oestrogen levels due to body fat, which can lead to fibroid development. Age: Fibroids generally occur in women in their 30s. Fibroids often shrink and show no symptoms in women who have had menopause. Hormone levels: Higher oestrogen and progesterone levels are known to trigger fibroid growth. Childbirth: The risk of fibroids is lower in women who have already given birth once. The risk drops with more children. Lifestyle: Consumption of alcohol, caffeine and red meat has been shown to increase the risk of fibroids. ‘Can you get pregnant if you have fibroids?’ is a very common question, and the general answer is yes, many people with fibroids do conceive and have healthy pregnancies. However, the specific impact on your fertility and pregnancy largely depends on factors like the size, number, and location of your fibroids How Are Uterine Fibroids Diagnosed During Pregnancy? As fibroids are often asymptomatic, they are usually discovered incidentally during a pelvic exam. If any irregularities in the uterus are found in an exam, the doctor might suggest a test for positive confirmation of fibroids in the uterus while pregnant (6). Some of the several uterine fibroids tests available are: Ultrasound scans: These scans use sound waves to generate a picture of the uterus and any fibroid growth on it to confirm its presence. The procedure involves the doctor using an ultrasound transducer, which is placed on the abdomen (transabdominal) or placed inside the vagina (transvaginal) to get images of the uterus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MRI scans generate three-dimensional images of the uterus and the fibroids and can accurately determine its structure, location and size. It can also help identify the type of fibroid and determine the best treatment options. Hysteroscopy: This procedure involves the examination of the uterine cavity and the openings of the fallopian tubes through the use of a small probe called a hysteroscope. Hysterosalpingography: An X-ray imaging procedure that uses a dye to highlight the uterine cavity and the fallopian tubes. Hysterosalpingography is recommended if there is a concern about infertility. Along with revealing the fibroids, it can also be used to determine if the fallopian tubes are open. Hysterosonography: Hysterosonography is also termed a saline infusion sonogram, which uses a saline solution to expand the uterine cavity. The expansion allows better examination and imaging of the submucosal fibroids. Complications of Uterine Fibroids in Pregnancy Most women who have fibroids in the uterus during pregnancy go on to have normal pregnancies and vaginal delivery. In some cases, the risk of a fibroid during pregnancy is higher, and the effect of a myoma in pregnancy depends heavily on the size, number, and exact location of the fibroid within the uterus. Let’s take a look at the complications and risk of fibroids in pregnancy and delivery. 1. Complications Arising During Pregnancy It’s important to know that the location of the fibroid largely determines the complications, if they arise. Depending on their type, fibroids sometimes increase the risk of a miscarriage during the first and second trimesters. Fibroids in the uterine cavity are the ones most likely to cause a miscarriage. 2. Complications Arising During Delivery Fibroids don’t prevent women from having a vaginal delivery. However, the fibroids located in the lower part of the uterus could block the baby’s descent. In that case, a C-section will have to be performed. The same applies when there are multiple fibroids, which could prevent the uterus from contracting normally and stall the labour. 3. Risk to Baby It is highly unlikely that fibroids will harm the baby. In rare cases, complications may occur if the placenta grows over the surface of a fibroid inside the uterus. This could lead to the improper supply of nutrients to the baby, resulting in low birth weight or causing the amniotic sac to rupture prematurely. How Are Uterine Fibroids Treated? Most fibroids don’t need any treatment if the symptoms are not causing too many problems. Since there is no single best approach to the treatment for fibroids in pregnancy, the doctor determines the best course of action involving medicine or surgery, based on the type of fibroid and the symptoms. A careful management plan is essential for navigating the challenges of large fibroids and pregnancy (7). 1. Treating With Medication Medication is the simplest method of fibroid treatment without surgery. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHas) shrink or halt the growth of fibroids temporarily and are administered as a nasal spray, a monthly injection, or as a skin implant. The GnRHs reduce the oestrogen levels in the body, and the course of treatment normally lasts between three and six months. They are usually prescribed a few months before the woman plans to conceive. 2. Treating With Surgery Myomectomy is the only method of surgical removal of uterine fibroids that leaves the uterus intact and is an option for women who still want to retain their ability to conceive. Myomectomy can involve procedures to remove the fibroids through laparoscopic or hysteroscopic surgery. Open surgeries are for larger fibroids that cannot be operated on laparoscopically. Although the fibroid is removed, the women undergoing this treatment have a 25% probability of a new one growing in the next ten years. 3. Advanced Treatment Focused ultrasound: This method uses an MRI scanning machine to pinpoint the exact location of the fibroid. High-energy ultrasound is focused on the fibroid to heat and destroy the cells, causing it to shrink. Thermal techniques: This relatively new technique, called myolysis, uses laparoscopically inserted equipment that is directly probed into the fibroid. It uses laser or electric current to destroy the fibroid cells. A similar procedure called cryomyolysis destroys the fibroid cells by using extreme cold to freeze the blood supply to the fibroid. Are There Home Remedies to Cure Fibroids In Pregnant Women? There are plenty of home remedies available that can be used to shrink uterine fibroids naturally without surgery. These remedies and treatments can be included as part of a healthy lifestyle for fibroid uterus treatment naturally. Some of the home remedies include: Castor Oil Pack: Applying a castor oil pack on the abdomen helps in pain relief as it contains ricinoleic acid that has anti-inflammatory properties. Castor oil also stimulates the lymphatic system to fight against toxins in the body that contribute to fibroid development. Green Tea: Adding green tea to your natural fibroid treatment diet has plenty of benefits. The compound epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) present in green tea inhibits the growth of fibroid cells and eventually leads to their shrinking. Apple Cider Vinegar: Apple cider vinegar is used extensively in detoxing the body and shrinking fibroids. It helps in reducing the fibroid symptoms. Burdock Root Tea: Burdock root is known to improve the liver’s ability to metabolise oestrogen, which in turn shrinks fibroids. As a treatment, drinking its tea is effective in fibroid and new tumour growth inhibition. Garlic: Garlic has powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that discourage the growth of fibroids and other tumours. Eating three to five cloves a day can reduce fibroids and their symptoms. Indian Gooseberry: Indian Gooseberry is rich in antioxidants and is an immunomodulator, which is good for reducing fibroid symptoms. What Happens to Your Fibroids After Delivering the Baby? Immediately after giving birth, fibroids could trigger excessive bleeding, which might require a blood transfusion in rare cases. In most cases, the woman is put on supplements for fibroids to recover. In the months after the delivery, as the uterus shrinks in size, fibroids could shrink in size as well and sometimes to a size smaller than it previously was. Is It Possible to Prevent Uterine Fibroids? There is no way to prevent fibroids unless a woman undergoes a hysterectomy. Hysterectomy, which involves the complete removal of the uterus, is the only way to ensure that fibroids can never grow again. The downside is that since the uterus is removed, the woman will never be able to conceive. FAQs 1. Are fibroids painful during pregnancy? Yes. Fibroid degeneration, sometimes called red degeneration, can cause sudden or localized abdominal pain during pregnancy. Severe or persistent pain should be assessed by a healthcare professional. 2. Can having fibroids during pregnancy harm my baby? Not necessarily. Most pregnancies involving fibroids are uncomplicated, but larger, multiple, or strategically located fibroids can increase the risk of certain pregnancy and delivery complications. 3. Can fibroids cause false positives on pregnancy tests? No, fibroids do not produce the pregnancy hormone hCG and will not cause a false-positive pregnancy test. Any positive result is due to hCG from a pregnancy or, rarely, certain medical conditions. 4. Do fibroids affect the accuracy of prenatal screening tests? Yes, large fibroids, especially subserosal ones, can potentially elevate maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) levels, which may lead to a false-positive result on a quad screen, requiring further diagnostic follow-up. 5. Can a fibroid be mistaken for a twin during an ultrasound? In a very early pregnancy, a large, degenerating fibroid can sometimes be mistaken for a second gestational sac. However, a skilled sonographer can distinguish between the two by identifying fetal cardiac activity and specific structural differences. This was all about myoma in pregnancy. Although there is no way to prevent fibroids, having them doesn’t mean that you cannot have a healthy pregnancy. With the treatments available, it is possible to keep the troubles of fibroids at bay during pregnancy. Also Read: Tilted Uterus Uterine Abnormalities Uterus while Pregnant Uterine Prolapse in Pregnancy Irritable Uterus while Pregnant Read more

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Seat Belt in Pregnancy: How to Wear It Safely

Seat belt in pregnancy safety is something many pregnant women feel wary about as their belly grows. Although it is an important step to wear a seat belt to protect both the baby and the mother, a seat belt pressing against the abdomen may feel uncomfortable. However, in the event of a crash, an airbag alone is not sufficient; thus, a seat belt for pregnant women is necessary. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recommends wearing a lap-and-shoulder belt throughout pregnancy (1). In this article, we cover every nuance related to a seat belt and pregnancy, how to safely wear a seat belt during pregnancy, and help you have a safe journey throughout pregnancy. Is it Safe to Use a Seat Belt During Pregnancy? It is safe to use a seat belt in a car when you are pregnant. Studies show that women who do not wear seat belts are more likely to lose their babies if they are in an accident than women who do wear them. Buckling up in all stages of pregnancy will keep you and your growing baby safe and protected in the event of a crash or accident (2). Thus, if you wear it properly, there is no harm. Pregnant women are recommended to wear three-point seat belts to keep themselves and the fetus safe (3). In fact, as many fear for the safety of their baby due to wearing seat belts when pregnant, it was observed in a study that there was no elevated injury risk to pregnant occupants from wearing a seat belt during motor vehicle collisions (4). How to Wear a Seatbelt When Pregnant? If you wear your seatbelt in the correct way, it can protect both you and your baby from serious harm. So, here are a few tips to wear your seat belt the right way (5): Pregnant women should stick to the three-point seat belt. In a 3-point seat belt, a strap goes diagonally across the shoulder and one strap across the lap. Wear the belt snugly on the hips. During the first trimester, wear your belt the same way you usually do. Tilt the seat back in order to make more room for your tummy. Make sure you wear the shoulder strap between your breasts and a little to the side of the belly. It is important to wear it, as it will keep your weight off the baby if you get into an accident. Place the lap belt under the belly to avoid an injury or unwanted pressure on the baby. Safety Measures for Wearing a Seatbelt When Pregnant You know that it is better safe than sorry, so here we have put together some safety measures you can take when sitting in a car: Wear your seatbelt in the proper way during pregnancy. Move your seat back as far as you can if you have airbags. Do not try to dismantle the airbag, as it can save your life as well as your baby’s. Try sitting in the backseat if you are a passenger, as injuries sustained in the backseat are often less serious than those sustained from the front. If you are driving, make sure to tilt the steering wheel towards your head instead of allowing it to remain facing your chest or belly. Do not place the shoulder strap behind the back. If you are wearing an extra layer of clothing, such as a jacket, remove it for the time being if it interferes with the lap strap by either making it too tight or causing it to slide around. If you are carrying twins, try not to drive until you have delivered. From your second trimester onwards, use a cushion or a folded blanket under your butt to raise you up until you are sitting flat. This will reduce the chances of you getting backaches and a posterior baby. Tips for Being Comfortable While Wearing a Seat Belt During Pregnancy The thought of going for a long drive and having to bear the heavy straps of a seat belt across your body may not sound pleasant. Therefore, here are two tips that will make wearing a seat belt during pregnancy a comfortable experience: If you are going for a long drive, make sure that you take a break often. You should get the chance to stretch your legs and allow blood circulation. To prevent a backache, carry a cushion and use it to support your lower back. FAQs Here are some frequently asked questions about seat belts during pregnancy: 1. Should I wear a seat belt during every stage of pregnancy? Yes. You should wear a properly positioned lap-and-shoulder seat belt throughout pregnancy, including during the early months. 2. Do I ned to buy a pregnancy seat belt? There is a special kind of pregnancy seatbelt on the market that has been tested for safety, and it is designed to keep the lap belt away from the belly by securing the seat belt across the thigh and not across your lower abdomen region that is sensitive and could injure your baby. However, a regular seat belt will work just fine if you wear it correctly. 3. Should I move the car seat farther back during pregnancy? If you are driving, sit upright and keep as much distance as reasonably possible between your abdomen and the steering wheel while maintaining comfortable control of the vehicle. If you are on the passenger seat, you can move the seat back as far as practical. 4. Are seat belt positioning devices safe during pregnancy? Most seat belt positioning devices are not tested, and this makes them unsafe for anyone, let alone a pregnant woman. Try not to use seat belt positioning devices, but stick to the standardised ones instead. The seat belt positioning devices have been known to place the lap belt on the uterus due to poor design, and that is a very dangerous place for the seat belt to be. Despite being careful, people can sometimes get into accidents. If you get into a car accident, no matter how small, go see your doctor and have a check-up immediately. Even if you do not feel like you were injured, it is always best to check if all is well with your baby as any extra pressure to your abdomen may have unpleasant impacts on your baby. If something turns out to be wrong, it is better to catch it as soon as possible so treatment can begin. Also Read: Car Driving while Pregnancy Travelling by Car in Pregnancy Safety Tips for Travelling during Pregnancy Read more

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Boils During Pregnancy: Causes, Risks, and Treatment

Pregnancy brings about a lot of changes in your body; these changes can range from common ones like morning sickness and back pain to less expected ones like boils. Yes, boils during pregnancy, those painful, red, swollen bumps on the skin, can be quite discomforting. They happen in early pregnancy due to a number of factors, including hormonal imbalance. While these are common and not threatening when not pregnant, during pregnancy, the mind kind of runs on overdrive to keep the baby safe. So, can boils during pregnancy indirectly affect the unborn baby? If the topic of boils and pregnancy has raised your eyebrow, then let’s together learn more about the causes, signs and treatment options for boils while pregnant. What Are Boils? Boils are red, swollen, and painful bumps, sometimes pus-filled, on the skin. They happen due to a skin infection caused by parasitic bacteria. The bacteria enter the skin through the hair follicles or sweat glands and form a pus pocket. This leads to a lot of discomfort. Boils can be found anywhere on the body, more often in hairy areas where sweating or rubbing happens frequently. The good news is that boils only last for a few weeks and can be prevented by maintaining hygiene (1). What Are the Types of Boils? The most common types of boils that occur during pregnancy include the following – 1. Pilonidal Cyst A pilonidal cyst is a type of boil that occurs in the crack of the buttocks. If you happen to suffer from a pilonidal cyst, medical intervention will be required. 2. Furuncle/Carbuncle A furuncle starts as a red lump in the initial stages. Once the pus forms, the boil bursts (2). While furuncles are the result of staphylococcal infection, carbuncles are groups of furuncles that can lead to scarring. Both furuncles and carbuncles can affect the face, neck, armpits, thighs, and buttocks. 3. Hidradenitis Suppurativa Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is rare. It is believed to affect the underarms, the underside of the breasts, and the groin in the form of painful lumps, boils, or abscesses, causing the skin to break and become affected (3). Though rare, it is a condition that could develop into something serious and increases the risk of developing pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, cesarean sections, and congenital anomalies (4). This condition, if it gets serious, may require a potential surgery. 4. Cystic Acne When harmful bacteria go deep into the skin, it results in cystic acne. This condition is characterised by bumps that are red, tender, and full of pus. If a cyst bursts and oozes pus, it can lead to more boils. This kind of acne is generally seen on the face, chest, back, upper arms and shoulders. 5. Bartholin’s Cyst Bartholin’s cyst is among the most prevalent cysts that women experience on the vulva. The Bartholin glands, situated on each side of the vaginal opening, play a crucial role in lubricating the vagina. However, if these glands get infected, they can lead to the formation of a Bartholin’s cyst. Typically, these cysts are small and painless lumps, but they can become swollen and highly uncomfortable if infected. If you suspect you have an infected Bartholin cyst, consult your doctor as soon as possible. What Causes Boils During Pregnancy? When women get boils during pregnancy, many of them ask themselves, ‘Why do I get boils when pregnant?’ The common causes of boils in pregnancy include the following (5): Blocked oil ducts of the sweat glands Bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, which is commonly found on the skin and inside the nose. Ingrown hair A foreign object or splinter gets lodged in the skin Factors that increase your chances of contracting boils in pregnancy are mentioned below (5): Obesity Close contact with someone who has a staph infection A weakened immune system Poor hygiene and diet Diabetes Eczema Exposure to harsh chemicals Hormonal imbalance Boils may not occur due to early or late pregnancy. There are four major factors that cause boils: poor hygiene, unhealthy foods, hormonal imbalance, and a repressed immune system. How Are Boils Diagnosed When Pregnant? Boils are diagnosed in the following ways: Physical examination Bacterial culture (it’s the process in which the pus is collected and sent to culture to identify which bacteria is causing the infection) Assessment of symptoms and your medical history Treatment for Boils During Pregnancy Thinking of how to treat boils during pregnancy? Below are some ways to treat boils (6): Antibiotics are commonly prescribed by your doctor (7). Surgical treatment is advised in severe cases. A detoxifying diet. Applying a warm compress several times a day may help the boil drain naturally. If it becomes large, painful, or persistent, consult your doctor. Avoiding activities that could cause sweating. Apply a topical antiseptic or antibiotic ointment to the boils and cover any wounds or cuts with a dressing. For leaking boils, clean the area with antibacterial or antiseptic soap and keep the area dry. Take pain-relieving meds for the pain as prescribed by the doctor Do Boils Pose a Risk to Baby’s Health? Boils don’t cause fetal deformities or miscarriages. However, if you take antibiotics for boils, you must make sure that they are safe for the foetus and won’t cause any harm. Tips to Prevent Boils While Pregnant? As you know, prevention is better than cure, and it’s better to prevent boils rather than deal with them once they occur. If you are pregnant and in the early stages of your pregnancy, follow these tips to prevent boils in the first place – Avoid wearing tight clothes. Maintain hygiene. Treat minor cuts and wounds immediately. In case you suffer from diabetes or eczema, seek medical help. Bathe or shower daily to prevent bacteria from breeding on the body. Wear clean clothes and use clean towels to wipe your body and face. Use clear bedsheets and bedding by washing them at a high temperature once a week. Things to Avoid While Having Boils in Pregnancy During a pregnancy boil, here are some things you must take care of (8): First things first, do not pick at, poke, or squeeze the boil, wherever it is. Do not share your personal items like lipsticks or towels with anyone else, as it could potentially spread the infection. Do not go swimming, as it could also spread the infection. Clean the surrounding area of the boil with soap, if possible with antibacterial soap, if pus comes out from the boils. Maintain hygiene, and wash your hands if they have come in contact with the boil area or the pus. Contact a doctor for prescription medicine to ease the pain. When Should You Consult a Doctor? Before trying any treatment for boils, consulting a doctor is a must. However, you should also speak to your doctor in the following cases: If the boil turns bigger and the pain is unbearable If you have a fever If the boil doesn’t dry up within a couple of months If you have pregnancy boils in the pubic area or face If you are a diabetic If you have boils on your spine or anal area If lumps develop around the original boil FAQs 1. Are boils common during pregnancy? Yes. Hormonal changes, increased sweating, and changes in the immune system can make some pregnant women more prone to boils and skin infections. 2. What are the potential complications caused by boils? In severe cases, a boil can expose the bacteria to the bloodstream, and it could travel to other parts of the body. It could potentially cause blood poisoning (sepsis) and bone (osteomyelitis) or heart (endocarditis) if the infection spreads within the body. 3. Can I pop a boil at home? No, you shouldn’t. Popping or squeezing a boil will only worsen the infection and increase the risk of spreading bacteria or scarring. 4. Can boils affect my baby during pregnancy? If the boils are taken care of in the initial stage, it will not affect the baby. But untreated or severe infections carry the risk. It is best to consult a doctor to treat boils in pregnancy. 5. What is the safest way to treat a boil during pregnancy? Applying a warm compress several times a day may help the boil drain naturally. If it becomes large, painful, or persistent, consult your doctor. Boils don’t cause any major complications in pregnancy. However, we recommend that you get medical help at the earliest if the boils don’t dry up within 2-3 weeks. Also read: Waxing during Pregnancy Skin Changes in Pregnancy Hives (Urticaria) when Pregnant Read more

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Eczema in Pregnancy – Causes Symptoms and Treatment

Eczema during pregnancy can be frustrating and can appear as itchy, dry, or inflamed skin; harder to control. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, dermatitis and pregnancy is one of the most common dermatological combinations women face (1). The condition can either develop for the first time during pregnancy or worsen in someone who already has the condition. What triggers eczema in a number of pregnant women is fluctuating hormones. You may also wonder whether it could have any effect on the developing baby or the course of pregnancy. Rest assured; with simple and dedicated practices, eczema flare-ups can be controlled. A gentle skincare routine, fragrance-free moisturisers, and appropriate medical treatment prove to be a great help. It is advisable for pregnant women to consult their doctors if they face persistent eczema before starting or changing any medication. Types of Eczema Here are some common types of eczema: 1. Contact Dermatitis In contact dermatitis, the skin irritation is triggered when the skin comes into contact with the typical triggering element. The Cleveland Clinic states that most of the elements are specific soaps or fragrances, certain kinds of fabrics that are synthetic, dyes, dust, or other things. Once these objects come in contact with the skin, they may trigger eczema (2). By replacing the entity causing the trigger, further aggravation can be prevented. 2. Atopic Dermatitis Atopic dermatitis is slightly different from contact dermatitis. This isn’t due to skin contact as such, so it cannot be easily combated. This kind of dermatitis may occur due to sensitivity towards a specific type of food, any allergens in the environment, or even abrupt weather changes. As per the Mayo Clinic, it could be due to a weak skin barrier function or excessive presence of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus on the skin (3). At times, the change in hormones in a pregnant woman’s body can cause the skin to become inflamed and itch, resulting in eczema (4). Causes of Pregnancy Eczema In pregnancy, eczema usually occurs in the earlier months due to fluctuating hormones (5). Primarily, in the early stages of pregnancy, the mother’s immunity is lower than usual since the body is working beyond its usual capacity to prepare for the changes yet to come. As the foetus is undergoing formation and requires as much protection as possible, the mother’s body is left vulnerable in ensuring the safety of the newborn child. In such a case, the body’s immune system develops antigens that aggressively fight any and every sign of attack. This results in them, at times, attacking the cells of the body itself, which results in eczema. Tiny red rashes form on the skin; they itch a lot with a burning sensation and turn red. These are the tell-tale signs of eczema. With undue stress and any chronic disease, this condition can continue to exist or worsen further. Inflamed oral cavities, sinusitis, and a number of other diseases that cause various pathogens to exist in the body further increase the aggression of the antigens. This aggression then causes eczema to grow further. Signs and Symptoms Eczema During Pregnancy Here are some more signs and symptoms of eczema during pregnancy: Multiple rashes Red bumps that are rough and itchy Bumps that are often grouped together in clusters Bumps that have a crust-like layer Visibility of certain pustules Previous history of eczema Who Is More Prone to Eczema During Pregnancy? In most cases, pregnancy-induced eczema is the first time that most women have experienced eczema in their lives. Furthermore, any history of eczema earlier in life could cause it to flare up again during pregnancy. Estimates point to roughly 20-40 per cent of cases being in women who have experienced eczema before. Nearly 60-80 per cent women experience eczema for the first time during their pregnancy. How Is Eczema During Pregnancy Diagnosed? The diagnosis of eczema is generally made by visual examination. Most doctors can instantly tell the presence of eczema by looking at the skin. In certain cases, a biopsy might be conducted to confirm it. The doctor might ask you to recall any changes you noticed in your body during the months of your pregnancy. They will primarily work towards ruling out any other causes that might lead to similar red spots to appear, ensuring your baby is safe. It’s best to personally note the specific time around when you first spotted the changes in your skin, if any lifestyle or routine changes have been undertaken following which the spots began to appear, any particular aspect that helped reduce eczema or worsened it, and so on. Do remember to tell your doctor all the medication you are currently taking during pregnancy, as well as any treatment you might have tried previously for eczema. Does Eczema Affect the Baby? Eczema does not directly harm the baby at all, since it cannot reach the foetus via the placenta. The presence of eczema, however, can irritate the mother and cause stress, which could affect the baby. Being emotionally and mentally stable without undue stress is highly required for the baby. Pregnancy Eczema Treatment and Medication Treatment for dermatitis in pregnancy varies with the severity. In a majority of cases, eczema cream for pregnancy is generally recommended along with moisturisers and ointments to keep it under control. Below are the treatments for pregnancy eczema. A prescription for a steroid ointment might be authorised in case the eczema is too severe. Though topical steroids and emollient products are safe during pregnancy, it’s best to reconfirm the same with your doctor (6). Certain people have undertaken UV light therapy to clear eczema, too (7). Any treatment methods involving Trexail, Rasuva or PUVA are harmful to the foetus and should be avoided during pregnancy as well as breastfeeding (8). You may try some home remedies to manage eczema during pregnancy. They can give you relief and reduce the intensity of the irritation. Here are some practical natural remedies for eczema during pregnancy: Warm showers should be preferred over hot showers. Use moisturisers right after the shower to keep the skin hydrated. Opt for clothing that is made from 100% cotton. Clothes made from hemp or wool might end up irritating your skin. Make sure your clothes are not snug or tight, but loose and comfortable. Replace soaps with moisturising gels. If your home is in a hot area, try using humidifiers inside to keep your air from drying up. Regularly drink a good amount of water for yourself and the baby. Management of Eczema During Pregnancy Here are some things you can do to manage eczema during pregnancy. 1. Avoid Irritants The first step is to remove the triggering entity that causes eczema in the first place. It is always in your favour to see if replacing your soaps or lotions can keep it in check. Sometimes, cleaning detergents or certain food items could also be the culprits. These might not be the only reason behind your eczema. However, replacing them can prevent chances of it occurring again and keep it in check. 2. Curbing the Itch The itching sensation is extremely irritating, and any itching done to the affected area will further aggravate it. It can, however, be curbed in a few ways. Massage the area by applying pressure with your fingertips instead of scratching it. Use a washcloth to rub the area to get some instant relief. Place dampened and wrung pyjamas or gloves on the affected area. It will soothe the itch and help some moisture enter the skin. Using peppermint oil is yet another way to combat the itch. Start by applying some coconut oil or olive oil over the entire area. Then, add just a single drop of peppermint oil and spread it as widely as possible. This dilution is necessary to prevent any further irritation. Do not use it where the skin has broken since it will sting a lot. Avoid using this oil once you are in the third trimester of pregnancy. Add some baking soda to your bath water and soak in the affected area. Remember to moisturise immediately after. This is admittedly a weird option, but some people have found oatmeal baths quite soothing. The standard coconut oil is also a great moisturiser and also prevents the broken skin from catching any infection. Go for cotton woven pyjamas and bedsheets. The smooth texture will help the skin recover sooner. Wear cotton socks in case eczema has affected your feet. For hands and palms, using long-sleeved shirts and cotton gloves goes a long way. Contrary to popular opinion, the sun can actually help in reducing the itch and heal the skin sooner. Without letting yourself get burnt, try staying out in the sun for slightly longer than usual. Things You Can Do to Keep Skin Healthy and Hydrated During Pregnancy The constant scratching and itching can break down the skin completely and render it unable to hold the moisture required. It’s necessary to reduce the chances of dry skin by rebuilding healthy skin for yourself. Drinking judicious quantities of water is necessary. It shouldn’t be a lot since it does not directly hydrate the skin, but remember to consume the daily quota that’s required. Moisturising the skin is similar to rebuilding the first line of defence for the skin. With a damaged lipid barrier failing to hold the skin’s moisture, a moisturiser helps keep the skin soft. Showers, when long and hot, dry out the skin rather than keeping it wet. Go for small warm showers and use a moisturiser right after you’re done. Avoid manual shavers and go for electric razors instead to avoid any scratches or injuries to the skin. When to Consult a Doctor? We suggest consulting a doctor if the current treatment for eczema doesn’t bring any relief, the eczema symptoms interfere with work and personal life or affect your sleep cycle, or if you see the following signs of infection: pus or scabs red streaks FAQs 1. Can a mother’s eczema affect her developing baby? The American Academy of Dermatology Association states that a mother’s eczema during pregnancy doesn’t directly harm the baby, but it increases the chances for the baby to develop eczema. Some complications, such as staph infection, arising from severe maternal eczema could increase the risk for both the mother and the baby (9). 2. What eczema treatments should pregnant women avoid? Certain eczema medications, including Methotrexate, Mycophenolate mofetil, and PUVA phototherapy, can have adverse side effects during pregnancy. In fact, your doctor may even suggest that you use contraception while taking these treatments and stop them weeks and months before planning to conceive. 3. Can I continue the same eczema medication while breastfeeding that I used during pregnancy? Yes, you may continue the topical steroid creams and moisturisers in the breastfeeding phase that you used while pregnant. In most situations, breastfeeding is ok with eczema treatments. 4. Is pregnancy eczema contagious? No, eczema during pregnancy does not transmit through physical contact from one person to another. It is not contagious. Eczema and pregnancy are not meant to go hand-in-hand but usually end up so. As irritating as it might be, it is necessary to remember and maintain a positive attitude while fighting against it. Keeping eczema in check and keeping your spirits high are the best ways to maintain your health and the baby’s, too. Also Read: Itching in Pregnancy Rashes while Pregnant Dry Skin during Pregnancy Read more

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Cake in Pregnancy – Is it Safe to Eat?

Cake is generally safe to eat during pregnancy when consumed in moderation and prepared with pregnancy-safe ingredients. However, certain cakes made with raw eggs, unpasteurised dairy products, or excessive amounts of sugar may pose health risks for expectant mothers. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends limiting free sugar intake to less than 10% of total daily energy intake, as excessive sugar consumption can contribute to unhealthy weight gain and other health concerns (1). If you’re wondering about cake and pregnancy, this article explains when cake is safe to enjoy, which ingredients require caution, the potential benefits and risks, and practical tips for satisfying sweet cravings while maintaining a healthy pregnancy diet. Is It Normal to Crave Cake in Pregnancy? Yes, it is perfectly normal to crave cake and any kind of sweets during pregnancy. This is normally due to hormonal changes that occur, which can make you crave the most random of things. Remember, there’s no right or wrong to craving anything, and as long as you maintain a healthy diet, all will be well. Can a Pregnant Woman Eat Cake? You can eat a piece of cake once in a while during pregnancy as eating in moderation won’t harm you or your baby. But you must avoid binge eating cakes or any other food item during pregnancy as it might affect your health. While pregnant, eat healthy foods as a well-balanced diet will ensure that your baby gets all the nutrients required for his growth. The bouts of morning sickness can also take a toll on your body, so you must eat nutritious foods and drink a lot of water (2). Having cake once in a while is fine, but don’t overconsume. Cakes offer zero nutritional value and satisfy the hunger for a short period of time. They contain empty calories, refined sugar, and saturated fats and increase the risk of gestational diabetes (3). So they are best avoided! How Much Cake Can You Eat During Pregnancy? Pregnant women can safely enjoy 1-2 small slices of cake occasionally as part of a balanced diet, provided the cake is made with pregnancy-safe ingredients and does not contribute to excessive sugar intake. The exact amount depends on your overall diet, health status, and whether you have conditions such as gestational diabetes. Since cakes are typically high in sugar, refined carbohydrates, and calories, they are best considered an occasional treat rather than a daily snack. What Are the Risks of Eating Cake During Pregnancy? Eating cake can pose a risk to your health. Here is why you should avoid eating cakes during pregnancy. 1. Cakes May Contain Bacteria While pregnant, your immune system will be weak, so you must avoid eating anything that may lead to an infection. Even if the cake is a homemade one, there is a high chance that it might contain bacteria like salmonella, E.coli, Toxoplasma and many more. If any of these bacteria enter your body, it can lead to severe complications. The batter can sometimes form a breeding ground for bacteria (4). Hence, you must avoid eating cake during pregnancy. 2. Eating Cakes May Lead to Unhealthy Weight Gain Yes, you need to gain weight during pregnancy but that weight gain should happen from healthy and nutritious foods. Eating cakes, pastries, or other junk food will offer you empty calories which will result in unhealthy and excessive weight gain during pregnancy, and make your pregnancy journey difficult, so they are best avoided. You can enjoy a piece of chocolate-walnut cake served at your baby shower, but resist the temptation to reach for the second piece. Also, avoid cakes that have saccharin in them as it can cross the placenta and affect the foetus (5). Stick to a healthy diet – eat foods that contribute to healthy weight gain and promote your baby’s growth. 3. Cakes May Contain Alcohol Some cakes may contain alcohol such as rum in them that may not be safe for the health of your baby. Even though it is believed that cooking neutralises any alcohol content in the cake, but it is not entirely true. Alcohol enhances the flavour of cakes, but it can cross the placenta and lead to complications in the baby. It could result in premature delivery and birth defects, so if you are planning to eat a piece of cake that has alcohol in it, think about your baby and do not give in to your temptation (6). 4. Cakes May Contain Unhealthy Supplements Instant cake mix available in the market and store-bought cakes may contain unhealthy supplements in the form of added flavour or taste enhancers, which might harm your baby. Which Cakes Are Safe to Eat in Pregnancy? If you have a sweet tooth and you love eating cakes, then you can enjoy them once in a while. However, we suggest that you opt for healthier versions and consume them in limited amounts too. Mentioned below are some cakes for pregnant woman that you can try. 1. Angel Food Cake Angel food cakes have no fat content in them and can satisfy your sweet cravings. This cake is made with stiffly beaten egg whites instead of butter. It has a light, fluffy texture, so there is no harm in eating it in moderation. However, if you add sweet, it may prove to be harmful. Note: Avoid this cake if you have gestational diabetes. 2. Dark Chocolate Cake Dark chocolates and unsweetened cocoa contain antioxidants, which can prove to be beneficial for your health during pregnancy. So you can eat a piece or two of this cake while pregnant. However, make sure that the cake you buy or make has no alcohol content in it. 3. Yoghurt Cake Yoghurt is an essential part of the diet of a pregnant woman since it contains dietary calcium, protein and good bacteria which can help in better digestion. You can make a cake using yoghurt, but make sure that it is consumed quickly as yoghurt cake may get spoiled soon and become a breeding ground for bacteria. Also, avoid if you have gestational diabetes (GDM). Alternatives to Satisfy Sweet Cravings During Pregnancy Sweet cravings are common during pregnancy, but cakes and sugary desserts are not the only way to satisfy them. Here are some healthier options to consider: Fresh fruits: Naturally sweet fruits such as bananas, apples, berries, mangoes, and grapes can satisfy sugar cravings while providing fibre, antioxidants, and essential nutrients. Greek yogurt with fruit: Unsweetened Greek yogurt topped with fresh fruit and a drizzle of honey offers protein, calcium, and a touch of sweetness. Homemade fruit smoothies: Blend fruits with milk or yogurt for a refreshing, nutrient-dense treat that can also help increase your intake of vitamins and minerals. Dark chocolate in moderation: A small portion of dark chocolate can satisfy chocolate cravings while containing less sugar than many cakes and desserts. Things to Remember While Eating Cakes During Pregnancy Here are some things regarding the consumption of a cake for pregnant woman that you should take into consideration during pregnancy. Many people think eating cakes with eggs in them can harm the baby, but that is not true. Eggs are not harmful to the baby, so you can consume a cake that has eggs in it. However, do check that there are no added preservatives in it apart from the eggs, as they could prove to be harmful to the baby. If you do want to indulge in cakes, we suggest that you eat homemade cake, instead of eating store-bought cake. If you do not want to make one at home and plan to buy the cake from a bakery, ask about the nutritional composition and general ingredients used in the cake. Most cakes are high in sugar, so eat them in moderation. If you are purchasing sugar-free cakes, check for any additives. If you have diabetes, consult your doctor about how much sugar or cake you can consume. FAQs 1. Is chocolate cake safe during pregnancy? Yes, but in moderation. Make sure you are eating only recommended quantities of ingredients such as chocolate, sugar, and flour, as too much may cause some side-effects. 2. Can you consume chocolate cake made with artificial sweeteners in pregnancy? Most sweeteners have been approved as safe by FDA, except for saccharin. However, moderation is key. If you have any pre-existing conditions, it is always best to check with a doctor before consuming any artificial sweeteners during pregnancy. 3. Can pregnant women eat cake with cream cheese frosting? Cream cheese is made with pasteurised dairy, making it safe to consume during pregnancy. If you are purchasing cream cheese cake for pregnancy, make sure you do so from a trusted source to avoid any harmful effects. 4. Is it safe to eat cake during first trimester? There is no harm in eating cake now or then during pregnancy, but make sure you are doing so in moderation. If you any pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, it’s best to check with your doctor first about recommended quantities or alternatives. 5. Should you eat cupcakes while pregnant? Any kind of cakes or confectionery made with pasteurised milk and safe ingredients can be consumed during pregnancy. There’s no harm in indulging once in a while to satisfy the occasional craving. 6. Can you eat carrot cake when pregnant? Carrots are a good source of nutrients, and recommended during pregnancy. However, as carrot cake also contains sugar and flour, it is best to consume it in moderation. Consuming cakes in small quantities will not harm you or your baby, but you should make sure that you do not exceed the quantity. Better yet, consult your nutritionist or a doctor before eating it and stay safe! Also Read: Cherries in Pregnancy Eating Ice-cream while Pregnant Is Craving for Sweets Good during Pregnancy Read more

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