Tofu in Pregnancy – Health Benefits and Harmful Effects

Can you eat tofu while pregnant? Tofu, being a popular Southeast Asian food item, is almost considered a staple. Yes, this protein-rich source is packed with all the nutrients that are required by a pregnant woman. But, is it safe to eat, and to what extent? Among the various questions arising about what you can and cannot eat, you may wonder if it’s safe to add various foods to your pregnancy diet. If tofu has tickled your brain this time, it’s good to know everything about it. Today, we will discuss everything you need to know about consuming tofu while you’re pregnant and whether tofu and pregnancy make a good pair.

What Is Tofu?

Tofu is made from soybeans that are ground in water, heated, and coagulated with minerals such as calcium or magnesium salts. This unfermented soybean milk is pressed into a block and sold as tofu. It is low in fat and flavourless. Tofu is a good substitute for eggs or creamy cheese, and is a great source of protein for vegetarians, vegans, and mothers on a plant-based diet, helping with both maternal health and fetal development. Unlike cheese, tofu’s gelatinous texture has no flavour; instead, it takes on flavour from what it is mixed with. There are several varieties of tofu, from extra-soft silken tofu to extra-firm tofu, available in the market, and they can be baked, stir-fried, grilled, sauteed, or steamed (1).

Is Tofu Good for Pregnancy?

Once you conceive, before munching on tofu, you will undoubtedly ask, “Can I eat tofu while pregnant?” Well, yes, you can have tofu, and it is safe to have in pregnancy when consumed in limited quantities. Tofu is rich in several essential nutrients and can be consumed during pregnancy. It is high in iron, protein, copper, selenium, and all nine essential amino acids (2), and is a good source of unsaturated fats. Moreover, it is low in calories, helps in losing weight, and has antioxidants, which help prevent cancer (3).

According to the studies, phytoestrogens in soy and soy products can stimulate breast cancer cell growth in specific laboratory or animal studies (4). However, human studies did not yield the same results. Thus, there is currently no scientific evidence that links eating tofu to any major health concern (1).

How Much Tofu Can Pregnant Women Eat?

Pregnant women can have one to two servings of soy daily. A serving of half a cup of tofu or a cup of soymilk is enough when pregnant.

Nutritional Value of Tofu

The ratio of nutritional ingredients in a 100g serving of Tofu, according to the USDA, is listed below (5):

Types of Tofu That Are Safe to Eat During Pregnancy?

You might wonder at the supermarket, “Is Silken tofu safe for pregnancy, or should I buy regular tofu?” If you are pregnant and carving some tofu, you must know about the ones that are safe for you to eat. Let’s read about some of the tofu you can eat when pregnant (1).

1. Silken Tofu

This is the softest tofu and is commonly found in creamy, blended foods or as an egg substitute.

2. Firm Tofu

This is the most used form of tofu, which is roughly the same consistency as feta cheese.

3. Extra Firm Tofu

This type of tofu is super-firm, as the name suggests, and is found in stir-fries or as baked tofu.

4. Regular Tofu

This tofu is a little softer than firm tofu, and its texture resembles a softer kind of cheese.

Health Benefits of Tofu During Pregnancy

Let’s take a quick look at tofu benefits for pregnancy (3)!

1. High in Protein

Tofu is packed with proteins, which help with the proper growth and development of the foetus.

2. Rich Source of Calcium

Calcium is an indispensable component for proper bone development in the body of the mother as well as the baby. It helps in the development of bone, teeth, nerves, and muscles in your growing baby.

3. Helps Blood Cell Production

Tofu is a rich source of iron and copper, which assist in the delivery of oxygen throughout the body. Besides, it is an essential part of haemoglobin that helps in creating energy and releasing oxygen in your body. Iron also assists in strengthening your immune system.

4. Contains Antioxidants

The antioxidants in tofu are known to initiate the same kind of response in your body as the hypertensive medications do.

5. Contains Flavonoids & Isoflavonoids

Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids present in tofu are good antioxidants and are beneficial in preventing the onset of potential diseases. Consuming these before and during pregnancy can help protect your baby from diabetes and obesity in the future. It is also expected that tofu containing isoflavones may be helpful in regulating the intestinal microbiota, thus relieving constipation issues (6).

6. Prevents Cancer

Tofu contains the bio compound called genistein, which, when consumed, lowers the risk of developing breast cancer.

7. Helps Reduce Weight

Tofu is low in calories and rich in vegetable protein, helping you feel full for a longer period and reducing frequent hunger pangs.

8. Reduces Risk of Heart Ailments

Tofu is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, helping you avoid potential blood clots, thus preventing arteries from getting clogged. Besides, it is a good source of monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats and helps reduce serum cholesterol levels in your body (7).

9. Assists Hair Growth

Keratin, which is an essential protein for hair growth, is present in a fair amount in tofu and helps you grow and maintain healthy hair.

10. Reduces the Risk of Childhood Behavioural Problems

A 2021 study from Japan found that prenatal exposure to total soy products, fermented soybean and isoflavones may help protect against hyperactivity problems in Japanese children and childhood peer problems (8).

11. Helps Reduce Depression

In a 2018 study from Japan, researchers found that higher consumption of total soy products (including tofu, miso soup, fermented soybeans, and boiled soybeans) was associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy, compared with women with lower soy product consumption (9) (10).

Who Should Avoid Eating Tofu?

Tofu is generally considered safe to be consumed by a pregnant woman, but you should not eat tofu if:

• you have hypothyroidism, you should consult your doctor before consuming tofu (11). As tofu contains isoflavones that mimic estrogen, too much estrogen can hinder thyroid hormone production – aggravating hypothyroidism.
• you are allergic to soy and soy-based products (1).

How to Cook and Store Tofu in Pregnancy?

Here are some ways to cook tofu when you are pregnant. Let’s take a look at them:

1. Avoid eating raw tofu.
2. Thoroughly rinse and drain your tofu before cooking.
3. Cook your tofu until it reaches an internal temperature of 74 °C/165F for at least 15 seconds.
4. Consume the tofu before it cools down or chill quickly – within 2 hours.
5. Add cooked tofu into dishes like stir-fries, salads, soups and sandwiches for an added protein boost during pregnancy.

Risks Associated With Eating Tofu During Pregnancy

It is advisable to eat all food items in moderate amounts to avoid possible repercussions caused by excessive consumption. Pregnancy is a time when you need to be extra cautious about what you consume. Hence, carefully consider the following risks associated with the consumption of tofu, and limit your intake:

1. Effects of Phytic Acid

Phytic acid contained in soy inhibits the absorption of crucial minerals like calcium, iron, copper, manganese, and zinc in your intestines. This effect is minimal in well-fermented foods, as it reduces the phytic acid content.

2. Anti-Nutrients Impair Protein Digestion

Soy contains considerable levels of antinutrients, which may interfere with digestive enzymes in the body. One such anti-nutrient is the protein-digesting enzyme inhibitor trypsin, which affects the digestion and absorption of proteins. Protein is an essential nutrient for pregnant women, and it is not advisable to interfere with its absorption.

3. High in Aluminium

Tofu, being a soy product, may pose a risk of accumulating high levels of aluminium during the processing or washing of soybeans, which is done in aluminium tanks. Aluminium can lead to neurological problems in the foetal brain.

Tofu Dishes That Are Safe to Eat in Pregnancy

Now that you know about the amazing benefits of having tofu when pregnant, let’s read about some tofu dishes that pregnant women can have.

1. Smoothies

You can make yummy smoothies using tofu.

2. Soups

Make sure the tofu has been cooked and the soup is served steaming hot.

3. Salads

You can add it to your favourite salad, but don’t overdo it.

4. Stuffing in Parathas

You can even make yummy stuffed tofu parathas.

5. Substitute for Paneer and Eggs

If you don’t feel like having paneer or eggs, you can easily replace them with tofu.

Delicious Tofu Recipe for Pregnant Women

Let’s read about some delicious tofu recipes that pregnant women can enjoy eating.

1. Stir-fried Vegetable Tofu Salad

Ingredients:

• Potato washed, peeled, boiled and cubed
• Boiled beetroot
• A cup of boiled sprouts
• Handful of grated carrots
• Bell peppers finely sliced
• A handful of cherry tomatoes
• One finely minced green chilli
• 1 cup tofu
• Teaspoon of oil
• Half of a lemon
• Salt & pepper to taste
• Coriander to garnish

Directions:

1. In a pan, add little oil and allow it to heat.
2. Add the potatoes, bell peppers, beetroots and stir fry till it is slightly cooked.
3. Add the tofu and sprouts and keep stirring.
4. Add salt and stir again.
5. When everything is cooked, remove it from the flame.
6. Cut the chilli and cherry tomatoes into halves and add it to the vegetables.
7. Squeeze half the lime on the salad and mix again.
8. Sprinkle some pepper powder, garnish with coriander and serve.

2. Tofu Stir Fry

Ingredients:

• ¼ cup low-sodium soy sauce
• ¼ cup fresh squeezed lime juice
• 1 tablespoon natural honey
• 2 teaspoons freshly grated ginger
• 1 extra block of firm tofu
• 2 tablespoons sesame oil
• 2 cloves garlic, minced
• 1 small yellow onion, chopped
• 1 cup frozen shelled edamame, thawed
• 1 carrot, chopped
• 2 cups soba noodles, cooked
• 1 tablespoon sesame seeds, toasted
• Garnish: chopped green onion, cilantro, basil, peanuts, cashews

Directions:

1. In a medium bowl, add soy sauce, lime juice, honey and ginger, and stir to combine.
2. Drain the tofu block and wrap it in a dish towel.
3. Unwrap tofu and dice into ¼ to ½ inch cubes.
4. In a large pan, heat 2 tablespoons of sesame oil.
5. Add tofu and fry for about 5 minutes until browned.
6. Add garlic and onion, and cook 1-2 minutes, until softened.
7. Add in edamame and carrots and allow it to cook until tender.
8. Add soba noodles, soy sauce mixture and sesame seeds, and cook for 1 to 2 minutes.
9. Turn off the flame and garnish with green onions, cilantro, basil or nuts.
10. Serve.

3. Tofu and Spinach Burrito

Ingredients:

• 1 block of extra firm tofu
• 2 – 3 handfuls of fresh spinach
• 3 tbsp nutritional yeast
• 1/4 cup refried beans
• Salt and pepper
• Whole-grain tortillas
• Avocado, salsa, leftover veggies (optional)

Directions:

1. Place a block of tofu in a nonstick pan.
2. Using a fork, break up the tofu until crumbled.
3. Add nutritional yeast and spinach to it and cook for 3 to 5 minutes.
4. Spread refried beans onto tortillas.
5. Take half a spoon of the tofu mixture into the tortilla and layer in avocado, salsa and/or other veggies.
6. Wrap it and serve.

4. Turmeric Tofu Scramble

Ingredients:

• 300 grams firm tofu, crumbled
• Half teaspoon turmeric powder
• Half teaspoon black pepper
• 2 garlic cloves, minced
• Half medium red onion, finely chopped
• 1 medium tomato, diced
• 1 tablespoon olive oil
• 2 cups fresh baby spinach or kale
• Half teaspoon salt (or to taste)
• 2 whole wheat toast slices

Directions:

1. In a pan, heat one tablespoon olive oil. Add finely chopped onion and sauté for 2 minutes, until the onion is translucent. Add minced grlic cloves and cook for next 30 seconds.
2. Now add the tomato, sprinkle turmeric powder, black pepper, and salt (to taste), and mix everything. Let tomatoes soften in spice mixture.
3. Once tomatoes are softened, add crumbled tofu. Mix nicely and let it cook for 5 more minutes.
4. Add two cups of baby spinach, mix everything, and cover the pan. Let the spinach cook for about 1 to 1.30 minutes until it wilts. It will lose its water.
5. Once everything is cooked nicely, your scrambled tofu is ready.
6. You can grill two slices of bread and have them on the side. 

FAQs

1. Is It Safe to Eat Cold Tofu While Pregnant?

No, pregnant women should not eat tofu after cooking it thoroughly to reduce any chances of illness-causing bacteria.

2. Can pregnant women eat fried tofu?

Yes, fried tofu is good for pregnancy as long as it is consumed in moderation.

3. Is it ok to consume tofu in the first trimester?

Yes, you can consume tofu while pregnant during the first trimester.

4. Can you eat frozen or processed tofu during pregnancy?

Soft and silken tofu does not hold texture during freezing and thawing; therefore, it can be eaten fresh, and frozen tofu is considered safe.

5. Can pregnant women eat tofu sushi?

Pregnant women can eat sushi during pregnancy as long as the sushi does not contain raw or smoked seafood.

As long as it is consumed in limited quantities, tofu is a highly nutritious food to be had during pregnancy. However, excessive consumption of tofu can lead to severe conditions like protein indigestion, pancreatic disorder, diarrhoea, and constipation. You can consult a dietician to understand the impact of tofu on your body and add it to your pregnancy diet as per the dietician’s recommendation.

Also Read: 

Eating Pizza in Pregnancy
Consuming Tuna while Pregnant
Can you Eat Mussels during Pregnancy?

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Sources References

1. Harvard Health Publishing – Tofu: Making a place for this nutritious, plant-based food in your diet

2. Cleveland Clinic – What Are Complete Proteins?

3. Cleveland Clinic – 5 Reasons To Eat More Tofu

4. ScienceDirect – Soy, soy phytoestrogens (isoflavones), and breast cancer

5. USDA – Tofu, raw, firm, prepared with calcium sulfate

6. Herald Scholarly Open Access – The Health Benefits of Tofu, an Unfermented Soybean Food that Regulates the Intestinal Environment

7. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics – Choose Healthy Fats

8. National Library of Medicine – Maternal consumption of soy and isoflavones during pregnancy and risk of childhood behavioural problems: the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study

9. National Library of Medicine – Soy isoflavone intake and prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japan: baseline data from the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study

10. MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health – Can Tofu Reduce Your Risk of Depression During Pregnancy?

11. NutritionFacts.org – Thyroid Health